Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Fibrin Deposition in the Liver as an Indicator of Tissue Injury and Inflammation
Rationale and Objectives
Liver inflammation is associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and other pathologies, but noninvasive methods to assess liver inflammation are limited. Inflammation causes endothelial disruption and leakage of plasma proteins into the interstitial space and can result in extravascular coagulation with fibrin deposition. Here we assess the feasibility of using the established fibrin-specific magnetic resonance probe EP-2104R for the noninvasive imaging of fibrin as a marker of liver inflammation.
Methods
Weekly 100 mg/kg diethylnitrosamine (DEN) dosing was used to generate liver fibrosis in...
Source: Investigative Radiology - March 12, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Identification of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus by Disease-Specific Patterns of Brain Stiffness and Damping Ratio
Objectives
The aim of this study was to perform a whole-brain analysis of alterations in brain mechanical properties due to normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH).
Materials and Methods
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) examinations were performed on 85 participants, including 44 cognitively unimpaired controls, 33 with NPH, and 8 who were amyloid-positive with Alzheimer clinical syndrome. A custom neural network inversion was used to estimate stiffness and damping ratio from patches of displacement data, accounting for edges by training the network to estimate the mechanical properties in the presence of missing dat...
Source: Investigative Radiology - March 12, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Repeatability and Agreement of Shear Wave Speed Measurements in Phantoms and Human Livers Across 6 Ultrasound 2-Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography Systems
Conclusions
There is good to excellent intersystem agreement of measured SWS in elastic phantoms and in vivo livers across 6 ultrasound 2D SWE systems. Test-retest repeatability was excellent for all systems. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - March 12, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Ultrafast Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Acute Neurological Emergencies: Diagnostic Accuracy and Impact on Patient Management
Conclusions
Ultrafast-MRI enables time-optimized diagnostic workup in acute neurological emergencies at high sensitivity and specificity compared with a standard-length protocol, with direct impact on patient management. Ultrafast MRI protocols are a powerful tool in the emergency setting and may be implemented on various scanner types based on the optimization of individual acquisition parameters. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - February 11, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Quantification of Aortic Stiffness by Ultrasound Time-Harmonic Elastography: The Effect of Intravascular Pressure on Elasticity Measures in a Porcine Model
Conclusions
In our model, aortic stiffness measurements by ultrasound time-harmonic elastography are influenced to a small extent by mean arterial pressure in a range of 1.89% to 8.60%. These findings emphasize the potential of ultrasound THE for measuring the intrinsic stiffness of the aortic wall in clinical routine. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - February 11, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Dual Plasma Sampling Method to Determine the Hepatic and Renal Clearance of the 2 Diastereoisomers of Gd-EOB-DTPA
Objectives
The aim of this study was to develop a method to determine hepatic and renal clearance of the 2 diastereoisomers (Gd-A, Gd-B) of Gd-EOB-DTPA separately.
Materials and Methods
Between July 2017 and February 2018, 41 patients with hepatic disease were prospectively included. For each patient, 1 mL of iopromide (to determine glomerular filtration rate [GFR]) was coadministered with Gd-EOB-DTPA (Gd-A and Gd-B; 65:35 wt/wt). The plasma clearances of Gd-A (PCL-GdA) and Gd-B (PCL-GdB) as well as the iopromide (GFR) were generated by using dual plasma sampling method. Meanwhile, the patient's urine was collected fo...
Source: Investigative Radiology - February 11, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw—Comparison of Bone Imaging Using Ultrashort Echo-Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Objective
The aim of this study was to compare bone imaging between ultrashort echo-time (UTE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) as the reference standard in patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ).
Materials and Methods
A 1-year retrospective, blinded, and randomized qualitative analysis of UTE MR images and CBCT from 19 patients with clinically diagnosed MRONJ was performed by 2 independent radiologists. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw imaging hallmarks such as osteolysis, periosteal thickening, and medullary osteosclerosis were rated visua...
Source: Investigative Radiology - February 11, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Respiratory Motion Detection and Correction for MR Using the Pilot Tone: Applications for MR and Simultaneous PET/MR Examinations
Conclusions
The presented method provides reliable respiratory motion tracking during arbitrary imaging sequences throughout a full PET/MR study. All results can directly be transferred to MR-only applications as well. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - February 11, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Safety Analysis of Iobitridol as a Nonionic Contrast Medium: A Postmarketing Multicenter Surveillance Study With 94,960 Patients Almost 20 Years After Introduction
Objectives
Our study sought to reevaluate the safety and diagnostic efficacy of iobitridol as a nonionic contrast medium after almost 20 years of use.
Materials and methods
This noninterventional postmarketing surveillance noncontrolled, multicenter (168 centers in Germany) study enrolled 94,960 patients receiving intravenous or intra-arterial iobitridol. The majority of the adjusted population (n = 92,550, 98.2%) underwent either computed tomography examination (n = 46,502, 49.3%) or intravenous urography (n = 46,048, 48.8%). A standardized questionnaire was used to ascertain patient's information, known risk factors...
Source: Investigative Radiology - February 11, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Long-Term Evaluation of Gadolinium Retention in Rat Brain After Single Injection of a Clinically Relevant Dose of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and chemical forms of residual gadolinium (Gd) in rat brain after a single dose of Gd-based contrast agent.
Methods
Four groups of healthy rats (2 sacrifice time-points, n = 10/group, 80 rats in total) were randomized to receive a single intravenous injection of 1 of the 3 Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs) (gadoterate meglumine, gadobenate dimeglumine, or gadodiamide) or the same volume of 0.9% saline solution. The injected concentration was 0.6 mmol/kg, corresponding to a concentration of 0.1 mmol/kg in humans after body surface normalization between rats a...
Source: Investigative Radiology - February 11, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Dose Finding Study of Gadopiclenol, a New Macrocyclic Contrast Agent, in MRI of Central Nervous System
Conclusions
Between the doses of 0.025 and 0.2 mmol/kg of gadopiclenol, the increase in CNR is linear. Compared with gadobenate dimeglumine at 0.1 mmol/kg, the doses of 0.05 and 0.1 mmol/kg of gadopiclenol gave similar or significantly greater contrast enhancement, respectively, and thus both doses can be considered for future phase III studies. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - February 11, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Effect of Long-Term Retention of Gadolinium on Metabolism of Deep Cerebellar Nuclei After Repeated Injections of Gadodiamide in Rats
Conclusions
Repeated administration of gadodiamide lead to a retention of gadolinium preferentially within DCN at 1 year postinjections. This retention did not lead to any detectable changes of the measured metabolic biomarkers nor histological alterations. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - January 8, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Effects of Detector Sampling on Noise Reduction in Clinical Photon-Counting Whole-Body Computed Tomography
Conclusions
Reconstruction of UHR data with a modulation transfer function below the system's resolution limit reduces image noise for all patient sizes and tube voltages compared with standard acquisitions. Thus, a relevant dose reduction may be clinically possible while maintaining image quality. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - January 8, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Using a Dual-Input Convolutional Neural Network for Automated Detection of Pediatric Supracondylar Fracture on Conventional Radiography
This study aimed to develop a dual-input convolutional neural network (CNN)–based deep-learning algorithm that utilizes both anteroposterior (AP) and lateral elbow radiographs for the automated detection of pediatric supracondylar fracture in conventional radiography, and assess its feasibility and diagnostic performance.
Materials and Methods
To develop the deep-learning model, 1266 pairs of AP and lateral elbow radiographs examined between January 2013 and December 2017 at a single institution were split into a training set (1012 pairs, 79.9%) and a validation set (254 pairs, 20.1%). We performed external tests usin...
Source: Investigative Radiology - January 8, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Dose Reduction for Sinus and Temporal Bone Imaging Using Photon-Counting Detector CT With an Additional Tin Filter
Conclusions
Phantom and cadaver studies demonstrated dose reduction using Sn-100 kV PCD-CT compared with current clinical EID-CT while maintaining the desired image contrast. Dose reduction was further validated in sinus and temporal bone patient studies. The ultra-high resolution capability from PCD-CT allowed improved anatomical delineation for sinus imaging compared with current clinical standard. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - January 8, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
