Image Domain Transfer by Deep Learning is Feasible in Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Practice
No abstract available (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - April 8, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Deep-Learning Generated Synthetic Double Inversion Recovery Images Improve Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Detection
Objectives
The aim of the study was to implement a deep-learning tool to produce synthetic double inversion recovery (synthDIR) images and compare their diagnostic performance to conventional sequences in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
Materials and Methods
For this retrospective analysis, 100 MS patients (65 female, 37 [22–68] years) were randomly selected from a prospective observational cohort between 2014 and 2016. In a subset of 50 patients, an artificial neural network (DiamondGAN) was trained to generate a synthetic DIR (synthDIR) from standard acquisitions (T1, T2, and fluid-attenuated inversion reco...
Source: Investigative Radiology - April 8, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Temperature-Sensitive Frozen-Tissue Imaging for Cryoablation Monitoring Using STIR-UTE MRI
Purpose
The aim of this study was to develop a method to delineate the lethally frozen-tissue region (temperature less than −40°C) arising from interventional cryoablation procedures using a short tau inversion-recovery ultrashort echo-time (STIR-UTE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequence. This method could serve as an intraprocedural validation of the completion of tumor ablation, reducing the number of local recurrences after cryoablation procedures.
Materials and Methods
The method relies on the short T1 and T2* relaxation times of frozen soft tissue. Pointwise Encoding Time with Radial Acquisition, a 3-dimen...
Source: Investigative Radiology - April 8, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
HLA-DRB1*15: 02 Is Associated With Iodinated Contrast Media–Related Anaphylaxis
Background
The incidence of severe reaction induced by iodinated contrast media (ICM) has increased over the years with an increasing use of imaging modalities. Although ICM anaphylaxis is rare, it can be life-threatening, but currently, there is no biomarker that can identify individuals at risk of ICM anaphylaxis.
Objective
The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic susceptibility of ICM anaphylaxis.
Methods
Patients who had ICM anaphylaxis were enrolled in the study, and their blood samples were collected for genotyping of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A, -B, -C, and -DR. The results were compared with ...
Source: Investigative Radiology - April 8, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Ultrafast Intracranial Vessel Imaging With Non-Cartesian Spiral 3-Dimensional Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography at 1.5 T: An In Vitro and Clinical Study in Healthy Volunteers
Conclusions
Spiral-TOFs may deliver high-quality intracranial vessel imaging thus matching the performance of conventional parallel imaging–accelerated TOFs (such as the SENSE). Specifically, imaging can be performed at unprecedented scan times as short as 1:32 minutes per sequence (70.12% scan time reduction compared with SENSE). Optionally, spiral imaging may also be used to increase spatial resolution while maintaining the scan time of a Cartesian-based acquisition schema. The CNR was decreased in spiral-TOF images. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - April 8, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Advanced Diffusion-Weighted Abdominal Imaging: Qualitative and Quantitative Comparison of High and Ultra-High: b: -Values for Lesion Detection and Image Quality
Introduction
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen increasingly incorporates diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences. Whereas DWI can substantially aid in detecting and characterizing suspicious findings, it remains unclear to what extent the use of ultra-high b-value DWI might further be of aid for the radiologist especially when using DWI sequences with advanced processing. The target of this study was therefore to compare high and ultra-high b-value DWI in abdominal MRI examinations.
Methods
This institutional review board–approved, prospective study included abdominal MRI examinations of 70 oncologi...
Source: Investigative Radiology - April 8, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Performance of an Automated Workflow for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Prostate: Comparison With a Manual Workflow
Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of an automated workflow for multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate compared with a manual mpMRI workflow.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study was approved by the local ethics committee. Two MR technicians scanned 2 healthy volunteers with a prototypical highly automated workflow (Siemens Healthineers GmbH, Erlangen, Germany) and with a manually adjusted scan protocol each. Thirty patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 68 ± 11 years; range, 41–93 years) with suspected prostate cancer underwent mpMRI on a 3 T M...
Source: Investigative Radiology - April 8, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Ultrasound Time-Harmonic Elastography of the Pancreas: Reference Values and Clinical Feasibility
Objectives
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a very aggressive tumor with a very low 5-year survival rate of 8%. The aims of this study are to determine reference values and physiologic confounders in healthy pancreas and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound time-harmonic elastography (THE) in the detection of PDAC.
Materials and Methods
From March 2017 through May 2019, a total of 54 study participants with healthy pancreas (n = 33, CTR) or PDAC (n = 21) were prospectively enrolled. Repeatability of THE was tested in a CTR subgroup (n = 5) undergoing repeat measurement on 4 different days. Interob...
Source: Investigative Radiology - April 8, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Clinical Feasibility of Abbreviated Magnetic Resonance With Breath-Hold 3-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography for Surveillance of Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm
Objectives
To determine the clinical feasibility of abbreviated magnetic resonance image (MRI) using breath-hold 3-dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (3D-MRCP) (aMRI-BH) for pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) surveillance.
Materials and Methods
In this retrospective study, 123 patients with 158 pancreatic IPMNs (pathologically proven [n = 73] and typical image feature with ≥2-year stability [n = 85]) who underwent conventional MRI (cMRI) consisting of contrast-enhanced pancreatobiliary MRI with conventional and BH-3D-MRCP were included. Two readers independently evaluated ...
Source: Investigative Radiology - April 8, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Chest CT Findings in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Its Relationship With Clinical Features
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the chest computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to evaluate its relationship with clinical features.
Materials and Methods
Study sample consisted of 80 patients diagnosed as COVID-19 from January to February 2020. The chest CT images and clinical data were reviewed, and the relationship between them was analyzed.
Results
Totally, 80 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included. With regards to the clinical manifestations, 58 (73%) of the 80 patients had cough, and 61 (76%) of the 80 patients had high...
Source: Investigative Radiology - April 8, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Deep Learning Approach for Generating MRA Images From 3D Quantitative Synthetic MRI Without Additional Scans
Objectives
Quantitative synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables synthesis of various contrast-weighted images as well as simultaneous quantification of T1 and T2 relaxation times and proton density. However, to date, it has been challenging to generate magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images with synthetic MRI. The purpose of this study was to develop a deep learning algorithm to generate MRA images based on 3D synthetic MRI raw data.
Materials and Methods
Eleven healthy volunteers and 4 patients with intracranial aneurysms were included in this study. All participants underwent a time-of-flight (TOF) M...
Source: Investigative Radiology - March 12, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Technical Notes Source Type: research
Clinical High-Resolution 3D-MR Spectroscopic Imaging of the Human Brain at 7 T
Objectives
Available clinical magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) sequences are hampered by long scan times, low spatial resolution, strong field inhomogeneities, limited volume coverage, and low signal-to-noise ratio. High-resolution, whole-brain mapping of more metabolites than just N-acetylaspartate, choline, and creatine within clinically attractive scan times is urgently needed for clinical applications. The aim is therefore to develop a free induction decay (FID) MRSI sequence with rapid concentric ring trajectory (CRT) encoding for 7 T and demonstrate its clinical feasibility for mapping the whole cere...
Source: Investigative Radiology - March 12, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Technical Notes Source Type: research
Simultaneous Multislice Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of the Kidneys at 3 T
Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare respiratory-triggered diffusion-weighted imaging with simultaneous-multislice acceleration (SMS-RT-DWI) to a standard free-breathing echoplanar DWI (s-DWI) for 3 T renal imaging with respect to image quality and artifacts.
Materials and Methods
A total of 40 patients who had undergone renal magnetic resonance imaging were included in this retrospective analysis of a prospectively planned cohort study. All examinations were performed on a 3 T whole-body magnetic resonance system. Both s-DWI and SMS-RT-DWI were obtained and images were independently reviewed by 2 radiologists...
Source: Investigative Radiology - March 12, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
A Universal Protocol for Abdominal CT Examinations Performed on a Photon-Counting Detector CT System: A Feasibility Study
Objective
The aims of this study were to investigate the feasibility of using a universal abdominal acquisition protocol on a photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) system and to compare its performance to that of single-energy (SE) and dual-energy (DE) CT using energy-integrating detectors (EIDs).
Methods
Iodine inserts of various concentrations and sizes were embedded into different sizes of adult abdominal phantoms. Phantoms were scanned on a research PCD-CT and a clinical EID-CT with SE and DE modes. Virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) were generated from PCD-CT and DE mode of EID-CT. For each image...
Source: Investigative Radiology - March 12, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Magnetic Resonance Kidney Parenchyma-T2 as a Novel Imaging Biomarker for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Objective
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a chronic progressive disorder with a significant disease burden leading to end-stage renal disease in more than 75% of the affected individuals. Although prediction of disease progression is highly important, all currently available biomarkers—including height-adjusted total kidney volume (htTKV)—have important drawbacks in the everyday clinical setting. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate T2 mapping as a source of easily obtainable and accurate biomarkers, which are needed for improved patient counseling and selection of targeted treatmen...
Source: Investigative Radiology - March 12, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
