Tailoring Contrast Media Protocols to Varying Tube Voltages in Vascular and Parenchymal CT Imaging: The 10-to-10 Rule
This article proposes a simple rule of thumb for how to adapt the contrast media protocol to any kV setting: the 10-to-10 rule. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - September 9, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
A Solution for Homogeneous Liver Enhancement in Computed Tomography: Results From the COMpLEx Trial
Objectives
The aim of the study was to reach homogeneous enhancement of the liver, irrespective of total body weight (TBW) or tube voltage. An easy-to-use rule of thumb, the 10-to-10 rule, which pairs a 10 kV reduction in tube voltage with a 10% decrease in contrast media (CM) dose, was evaluated.
Materials and Methods
A total of 256 patients scheduled for an abdominal CT in portal venous phase were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 groups. In group 1 (n = 64), a tube voltage of 120 kV and a TBW-adapted CM injection protocol was used: 0.521 g I/kg. In group 2 (n = 63), tube voltage was 90 kV and the TBW-adapted CM dosing f...
Source: Investigative Radiology - September 9, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Ultrasound Molecular Imaging With BR55, a Predictive Tool of Antiangiogenic Treatment Efficacy in a Chemo-Induced Mammary Tumor Model
Conclusions
Anatomical, functional, and molecular evaluations are feasible in a single examination using BR55 ultrasound targeted contrast agent. Ultrasound molecular imaging of VEGFR2 can depict an early response to antiangiogenic treatment in a rat mammary tumor model. This imaging modality has a potential for early assessment of each patient's response, which could be useful to take decisions on therapeutic protocol, providing as such an imaging tool for personalized medicine. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - September 9, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Evaluation of the Reproducibility of Bolus Transit Quantification With Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Across Multiple Scanners and Analysis Software Packages—A Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Alliance Study
Conclusions
The present study will lay the groundwork for multicenter patient evaluations with CEUS quantification of perfusion-related parameters with the bolus transit technique. When using the protocol and method developed here, it is possible to perform perfusion quantification on different scanners and analysis software and be able to compare the results. The current work is the first study that presents a comparison of bolus transit parameters derived from multiple systems and software packages. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - September 9, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Human Hair as a Possible Surrogate Marker of Retained Tissue Gadolinium: A Pilot Autopsy Study Correlating Gadolinium Concentrations in Hair With Brain and Other Tissues Among Decedents Who Received Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents
Objectives
We used laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to quantify gadolinium in hair samples from autopsy cases with gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) exposure. Hair gadolinium data were correlated with gadolinium concentrations in brain, skin, and bone tissues from the same case to investigate a potential noninvasive method for gadolinium quantification and monitoring.
Materials and Methods
Medical records from autopsy cases at our institution were screened for history of GBCA exposure. Cases with exposure to a single type of GBCA with the most recent injection occurring within 1 year we...
Source: Investigative Radiology - September 9, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Gray Matter Nucleus Hyperintensity After Monthly Triple-Dose Gadopentetate Dimeglumine With Long-term Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Objectives
Gadolinium deposition is widely believed to occur, but questions regarding accumulation pattern and permanence remain. We conducted a retrospective study of intracranial signal changes on monthly triple-dose contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations from the previously published Betaseron vs. Copaxone in Multiple Sclerosis With Triple-Dose Gadolinium and 3-Tesla MRI Endpoints Trial (N = 67) to characterize the dynamics of gadolinium deposition in several deep brain nuclei and track persistence versus washout of gadolinium deposition on long-term follow-up (LTFU) examinations (N = 28) obta...
Source: Investigative Radiology - September 9, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Radiology: Current State and Considerations for Routine Clinical Implementation
Although artificial intelligence (AI) has been a focus of medical research for decades, in the last decade, the field of radiology has seen tremendous innovation and also public focus due to development and application of machine-learning techniques to develop new algorithms. Interestingly, this innovation is driven simultaneously by academia, existing global medical device vendors, and—fueled by venture capital—recently founded startups. Radiologists find themselves once again in the position to lead this innovation to improve clinical workflows and ultimately patient outcome. However, although the end of today's radi...
Source: Investigative Radiology - August 14, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Variability and Standardization of Quantitative Imaging
No abstract available (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - August 14, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Variability and Standardization of Quantitative Imaging: Monoparametric to Multiparametric Quantification, Radiomics, and Artificial Intelligence
Radiological images have been assessed qualitatively in most clinical settings by the expert eyes of radiologists and other clinicians. On the other hand, quantification of radiological images has the potential to detect early disease that may be difficult to detect with human eyes, complement or replace biopsy, and provide clear differentiation of disease stage. Further, objective assessment by quantification is a prerequisite of personalized/precision medicine. This review article aims to summarize and discuss how the variability of quantitative values derived from radiological images are induced by a number of factors a...
Source: Investigative Radiology - August 14, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Future of Diagnostic Computed Tomography: An Update on Physicochemical Properties, Safety, and Development of X-ray Contrast Media
Iodinated contrast media (CM) are utilized in approximately 40% of the 300 million computed tomography (CT) scans undertaken annually. This review focuses on the physicochemical properties and safety of iodinated CM, and the development of new x-ray CM, and it explores methods to optimize CT scanning parameters. It concludes that good x-ray CM should have high structural stability, hydrophilicity, and CT attenuation; low viscosity, osmolality, and protein binding; no metabolism and tissue accumulation; and a complete elimination. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - August 14, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Developments in X-Ray Contrast Media and the Potential Impact on Computed Tomography
Over the past 120 years, continuous developments in medical imaging has improved diagnosis and treatment for many diseases and has thereby improved treatment outcome and quality of life of many patients. The number of computed tomography (CT) examinations is today increasing by 4% per year worldwide, for a total of approximately 300 million CT scans per year. About 40% of CT scans are contrast enhanced. Intravenous iodinated contrast media are commonly used for contrast enhancement in CT scans to evaluate diseases and determine treatment response. The current gold standards for intravenous x-ray contrast media in CT or int...
Source: Investigative Radiology - August 14, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Current and Future MR Contrast Agents: Seeking a Better Chemical Stability and Relaxivity for Optimal Safety and Efficacy
No abstract available (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - August 14, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Current and Future MR Contrast Agents: Seeking a Better Chemical Stability and Relaxivity for Optimal Safety and Efficacy
This review summarizes 30 years of experience in the development and clinical use of magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents. Despite their undisputable usefulness for disease diagnosis, gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have gone through 2 major safety crises. Approximately 10 years ago, the regulatory agencies decided to restrict the use of GBCAs to minimize the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients with severe renal insufficiency. Yet, following the recent discovery of Gd retention in brain, the same agencies adopted different positions ranging from suspension of marketing authorizations, changes...
Source: Investigative Radiology - August 14, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Ultrasound Imaging: Something Old or Something New?
No abstract available (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - August 14, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
From Anatomy to Functional and Molecular Biomarker Imaging and Therapy: Ultrasound Is Safe, Ultrafast, Portable, and Inexpensive
Ultrasound is the most widely used medical imaging modality worldwide. It is abundant, extremely safe, portable, and inexpensive. In this review, we consider some of the current development trends for ultrasound imaging, which build upon its current strength and the popularity it experiences among medical imaging professional users. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - August 14, 2020 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
