Third-Generation Cardiovascular Phantom: The Next Generation of Preclinical Research in Diagnostic Imaging
Conclusions The third-generation phantom demonstrated the capability of simulating physiologic in vivo conditions with accurate contrast media transport timing, good repeatability, and expected enhancement profiles. As a nearly complete cardiovascular system including a functioning 4-chamber heart and interchangeable disease states, the third-generation phantom presents new opportunities for the expansion of preclinical research in diagnostic imaging. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - November 11, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Technical Note Source Type: research

Deep Learning-Enhanced Parallel Imaging and Simultaneous Multislice Acceleration Reconstruction in Knee MRI
Conclusions The combined use of DL-enhanced 8-fold acceleration imaging (4-fold PI with 2-fold SMS) showed comparable performance with conventional 2-fold PI for the evaluation of internal knee derangement, with a 71% reduction in acquisition time. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - November 11, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Spectral Shaping Via Tin Prefiltration in Ultra-High-Resolution Photon-Counting and Energy-Integrating Detector CT of the Temporal Bone
Objectives Hardening the x-ray beam, tin prefiltration is established for imaging of high-contrast subjects in energy-integrating detector computed tomography (EID-CT). With this work, we aimed to investigate the dose-saving potential of spectral shaping via tin prefiltration in photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) of the temporal bone. Methods Deploying dose-matched scan protocols with and without tin prefiltration on a PCD-CT and EID-CT system (low-/intermediate-/full-dose: 4.8/7.6–7.7/27.0–27.1 mGy), 12 ultra-high-resolution examinations were performed on each of 5 cadaveric heads. While 120 kVp was appli...
Source: Investigative Radiology - November 11, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

High-Accuracy Nodal Staging of Head and Neck Cancer With USPIO-Enhanced MRI: A New Reading Algorithm Based on Node-to-Node Matched Histopathology
Conclusions We developed a new reading algorithm to differentiate benign from malignant lymph nodes in head and neck cancer patients on the basis of their appearance on high-resolution T2*-weighted USPIO-enhanced MRI. Next steps involve validation of our reading algorithm to further improve the accuracy of neck lymph node staging with USPIO-enhanced MRI in prospective clinical studies with larger number of patients. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - November 11, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Assessment of Fat Fractions in the Tongue, Soft Palate, Pharyngeal Wall, and Parapharyngeal Fat Pad by the GOOSE and DIXON Methods
We examined the advantages of using the GOOSE (globally optimal surface estimation) method to replace the 2-point DIXON method for quantifying fat in the tongue and surrounding tissues on MRIs. We first used phantoms with known FFs (true FFs) to validate the GOOSE method and examine the errors in the DIXON method. Then, we compared the 2 methods in the tongue, soft palate, pharyngeal wall, and parapharyngeal fat pad of 63 healthy participants to further assess the errors caused by the DIXON method. Six participants were excluded from the comparison of the tongue FFs because of technical failures. Paired Student t tests wer...
Source: Investigative Radiology - November 11, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Low-Dose CT Imaging of the Pelvis in Follow-up Examinations—Significant Dose Reduction and Impact of Tin Filtration: Evaluation by Phantom Studies and First Systematic Retrospective Patient Analyses
This study evaluates the potentials of LD CT for follow-up pelvic imaging with special focus on tin filtration (Sn) technology for normal and obese patients with and without metal implants. Materials and Methods In a phantom study, 5 different LD and normal-dose (ND) CT protocols with and without tin filtration were tested using a normal and an obese phantom. Iterative reconstruction (IR) and filtered back projection (FBP) were used for CT image reconstruction. In a subsequent retrospective patient study, ND CT images of 45 patients were compared with follow-up tin-filtered LD CT images with a 90% dose reduction. Si...
Source: Investigative Radiology - November 11, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Ultra-High-Resolution Coronary CT Angiography With Photon-Counting Detector CT: Feasibility and Image Characterization
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and quality of ultra-high-resolution coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) with dual-source photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) in patients with a high coronary calcium load, including an analysis of the optimal reconstruction kernel and matrix size. Materials and Methods In this institutional review board–approved study, 20 patients (6 women; mean age, 79 ± 10 years; mean body mass index, 25.6 ± 4.3 kg/m2) undergoing PCD-CCTA in the ultra-high-resolution mode were included. Ultra-high-resolution CCTA was acquired in an electrocardio...
Source: Investigative Radiology - November 11, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Potential of Photon-Counting Detector CT for Radiation Dose Reduction for the Assessment of Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis
Conclusions With PCD-CT, a radiation dose reduction of 66% compared with EID-CT is feasible, without penalty in image quality and diagnostic performance for the evaluation of ILD. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - November 11, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Extended Intraoperative Longitudinal 3-Dimensional Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging With a Continuous Multi-Turn Reverse Helical Scan
Conclusions Extended longitudinal field-of-view intraoperative 3-dimensional imaging with a multi-turn reverse helical scan is feasible on a clinical robotic CBCT imaging system, enabling long anatomical sites to be visualized in a single image, including in the presence of metal hardware. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - October 6, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Combining Deep Learning and Radiomics for Automated, Objective, Comprehensive Bone Marrow Characterization From Whole-Body MRI: A Multicentric Feasibility Study
Conclusions This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of automatic, objective, comprehensive BM characterization from wb-MRI in multicentric data sets. This concept allows the extraction of high-dimensional phenotypes to capture the complexity of disseminated BM disorders from imaging. Further studies need to assess the clinical potential of this method for automatic staging, therapy response assessment, or prediction of biopsy results. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - October 6, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Free-Breathing Low-Field MRI of the Lungs Detects Functional Alterations Associated With Persistent Symptoms After COVID-19 Infection
Objectives With the COVID-19 pandemic, repetitive lung examinations have become necessary to follow-up symptoms and associated alterations. Low-field MRI, benefiting from reduced susceptibility effects, is a promising alternative for lung imaging to limit radiations absorbed by patients during CT examinations, which also have limited capability to assess functional alterations. The aim of this investigative study was to explore the functional abnormalities that free-breathing 0.55 T MRI in combination with the phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL) analysis could identify in patients with persistent symptoms after COV...
Source: Investigative Radiology - October 6, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Estimating the Clinical Impact of Photon-Counting-Detector CT in Diagnosing Usual Interstitial Pneumonia
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical impact of a higher spatial resolution, full field-of-view investigational photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) on radiologist confidence in imaging findings and diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) compared with conventional energy-integrating detector CT (EID-CT). Materials and Methods Patients suspected of interstitial lung disease were scanned on a PCD-CT system after informed consent and a clinically indicated EID-CT. In 2 sessions, 3 thoracic radiologists blinded to clinical history and scanner type evaluated CT images ...
Source: Investigative Radiology - October 6, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Ultra-Low-Dose Photon-Counting CT Imaging of the Paranasal Sinus With Tin Prefiltration: How Low Can We Go?
In this study, we compared photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) and energy-integrating detector computed tomography (EID-CT) for ultra-low-dose paranasal sinus examinations with employed tin prefiltration. The goal of our investigation was to define the most dose-effective scan protocols for diagnostic assessment of midface trauma, preoperative sinonasal anatomy, and acute rhinosinusitis. Materials and Methods Five cadaveric heads were examined with the standard-resolution scan mode of both CT systems using a tube potential of 100 kV and tin prefiltration for 7 dose-equivalent scan protocols (CTDIvo...
Source: Investigative Radiology - October 6, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

High-Resolution Single Tooth MRI With an Inductively Coupled Intraoral Coil—Can MRI Compete With CBCT?
Conclusions Optimized MRI protocols using an intraoral coil at 3 T can achieve an image quality comparable to reference modality CBCT within clinically applicable acquisition times. Overall, DESS revealed the best results, followed by FLASH and CISS. (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - October 6, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Image Quality of High-Resolution 3-Dimensional Neck MRI Using CAIPIRINHA-VIBE and GRASP-VIBE: An Intraindividual Comparative Study
This study aimed to compare image quality of 2 high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) MRI sequences of the neck, controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration (CAIPIRINHA)–volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE), and golden-angle radial sparse parallel imaging (GRASP)–VIBE. Materials and Methods One hundred seventy-three patients indicated for contrast-enhanced neck MRI examination were scanned using 3 T scanners and both CAIPIRINHA-VIBE and GRASP-VIBE with nearly isotropic 3D acquisitions ( (Source: Investigative Radiology)
Source: Investigative Radiology - October 6, 2022 Category: Radiology Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research