Nonstructural Protein 1 of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Induces Oxidative Stress and Activates Antioxidant Defense by the Nrf2/ARE Pathway
Conclusion: TBEV NS1 protein both triggers ROS production and activates a defense Nrf2/ARE pathway. These data suggest that a role of redox-mediated processes in TBEV-induced damage of the central nervous system should also be explored. These data can contribute to a better understanding of TBEV pathogenicity, further improvement of TBE treatment, and the development of vaccine candidates against this infection.Intervirology 2016;59:111-117 (Source: Intervirology)
Source: Intervirology - November 23, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research
The True Story and Advantages of RNA Phage Capsids as Nanotools
RNA phages are often used as prototypes for modern recombinant virus-like particle (VLP) technologies. Icosahedral RNA phage VLPs can be formed from coat proteins (CPs) and are efficiently produced in bacteria and yeast. Both genetic fusion and chemical coupling have been successfully used for the production of numerous chimeras based on RNA phage VLPs. In this review, we describe advances in RNA phage VLP technology along with the history of theLeviviridae family, including its taxonomical organization, genomic structure, and important role in the development of molecular biology. Comparative 3D structures of different RN...
Source: Intervirology - November 9, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Exposure of Piglets to Enteroviruses Investigated by an Immunoassay Based on the EV-G1 VP4 Peptide
Conclusion: An immunoassay based on EV-G1 VP4 can detect an increased level of EV-G antibodies in piglet serum samples. Further studies are needed to determine whether this immunoassay may be useful for diagnosis and/or epidemiological studies and to monitor EV-G infection in pigs to evaluate strategies aimed to prevent enterovirus infections.Intervirology 2016;59:69-73 (Source: Intervirology)
Source: Intervirology - September 30, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research
The Role of IL28B Genotype in HCV-RNA Baseline Levels
Intervirology 2016;59:67-68 (Source: Intervirology)
Source: Intervirology - September 7, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research
The Comparative Molecular Epidemiology of GII.P7_GII.6 and GII.P7_GII.7 Norovirus Outbreaks in Victoria, Australia, 2012-2014
The comparative molecular epidemiology of the related GII.P7_GII.6 and GII.P7_GII.7 noroviruses has not been examined in detail. ORF 1, ORF 2 and ORF 1/ORF 2 RT-PCR as well as sequencing and phylogeny analysis were carried out on faecal specimens from 873 gastroenteritis outbreaks in Victoria, Australia (2012-2014). There were 575 (66%) detected as positive for norovirus by means of ORF 1 RT-PCR and/or ORF 2 RT-PCR. Of these, 24 (4.2%) were GII.6 (ORF 2) outbreaks, 7 (1.2%) were GII.7 (ORF 2) outbreaks, and 1 outbreak (0.2%) involved both GII.6 (ORF 2) and GII.7 (ORF 2) noroviruses. The median age of patients identified wi...
Source: Intervirology - August 23, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Hepatitis B e Antigen Expression by Hepatitis B Virus Subgenotype A1 Relative to Subgenotypes A2 and D3 in Cultured Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Huh7) Cells
Conclusions: Following transfection with D3, HBeAg passed through the secretory pathway earlier than cells transfected with genotype A. Cells transfected with A1 showed a lower expression of the preC/C precursor in the secretory pathway and a higher co-localization in the nucleus. Cells transfected with A1 showed greater endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and an earlier, prolonged activation of the UPR seen by the higher activity of three ER-localized transmembrane transducers (double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase, activating transcription factor 6, and inositol-requiring enzyme 1), on day 3 compared ...
Source: Intervirology - August 23, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Naturally Occurring Surface Antigen Variants of Hepatitis B Virus in Tunisian Patients
In Tunisia, the prevalence of naturally occurring surface (S) gene variants of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has not been determined. In the present study, the prevalence of these variants was examined in terms of the clinical and viral state in a series of 99 Tunisian patients with HBV infection. The S genes were amplified and directly sequenced. Genotype D was predominant (98%), 40.4% isolates belonged to subgenotypes D7 and 1 to subgenotype D2. The most common subtype was ayw2 (95.9%). In total, 60.6% of the studied strains harbored S mutations. Several novel mutation patterns were detected. Interestingly, the presence of S m...
Source: Intervirology - August 19, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Association between the < b > < i > IFNA1 < /i > < /b > (-2C & #x2192;T) Polymorphism and Increased < b > < i > IFNAR1 < /i > < /b > Gene Expression Levels in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection
Conclusions: < /i > < /b > These findings suggest that the polymorphic variant of < i > IFNA1 < /i > (-2) gene is associated with chronic HBV infection, and high expression levels of the < i > IFNAR1 < /i > gene and low levels of < i > IFNA1 < /i > might contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic infection in these subjects. < br / > Intervirology 2015;58:393-402 (Source: Intervirology)
Source: Intervirology - July 21, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research
SV40 T-Antigen Amino Acid Changes that Disrupt Cul-7 or Bub-1 Binding Do Not Globally Distort the T-Common Region
Conclusion: Full-length T-antigen and N-terminal fragments containing F98A were immunoprecipitated by monoclonal antibody PAb902, which recognizes a conformation-dependent epitope within the first 82 amino acids. Therefore, this alteration does not globally distort the entire T-common region. Additionally, PAb416, which displaces Cul-7 from the T antigen and immunoprecipitates bound pRb peptides, depends on F98 for binding, implying that amino acid 98 is part of the epitope and accessible in the native T antigen.Intervirology 2016;59:30-35 (Source: Intervirology)
Source: Intervirology - July 4, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Evolutionary Diversity of Suid Herpesvirus 1 Based on Ul44 Partial Sequences
Objective: The aim of this study was to use partial Ul44 sequences (glycoprotein C) of Suid herpesvirus 1 to examine the evolution and dynamics of the virus in different periods and hosts. Methods: Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the software MrBayes after analysis in the software jModelTest to evaluate the best phylogenetic models. The software SplitsTree 4.0 was used to create phylogenetic networks, and the BEAST program was used to generate data on phylogeography. Replication kinetics and serum neutralization tests were applied to tree strains from different phylogenetic groups. Results:Ul44 sequences derived ...
Source: Intervirology - July 1, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides in Human Monocytic Cells and Neutrophils in Response to Dengue Virus Type 2
Conclusion: THP-1 cells and human neutrophils strongly respond to DENV by producing AMPs: hBD-1 and LL-37 for the THP-1 cells and hDEFAs and LL-37 for neutrophils. However, the direct effect of these molecules on DENV particles remains unclear.Intervirology 2016;59:8-19 (Source: Intervirology)
Source: Intervirology - June 18, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Hepatitis B Virus Core Promoter Double Mutations (A1762T, G1764A) Are Associated with Lower Levels of Serum Dihydrolipoyl Dehydrogenase
Conclusions: HBV with BCP double mutations are associated with lower concentrations of serum DLD.Intervirology 2016;59:1-7 (Source: Intervirology)
Source: Intervirology - June 15, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Contents Vol. 58, 2015
Intervirology 2015;58:I-IV (Source: Intervirology)
Source: Intervirology - May 3, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Association between the IFNA1 (-2C→T) Polymorphism and Increased IFNAR1 Gene Expression Levels in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection
Conclusions: These findings suggest that the polymorphic variant of IFNA1 (-2) gene is associated with chronic HBV infection, and high expression levels of the IFNAR1 gene and low levels of IFNA1 might contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic infection in these subjects.Intervirology 2015;58:393-402 (Source: Intervirology)
Source: Intervirology - April 21, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Design and Evaluation of a Multi-Epitope Peptide of Human Metapneumovirus
Conclusion: MEP of hMPV elicited both strong humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity in mice. The anti-MEP serum could neutralize hMPV infection in vitro. Joint use of CpG ODN and aluminum hydroxide adjuvants obtained the best immune effects. This study may contribute to hMPV epitope-based vaccine development.Intervirology 2015;58:403-412 (Source: Intervirology)
Source: Intervirology - April 20, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research
