Breast cancers with special genetic-phenotypic correlations
Some invasive breast carcinomas are unique in that they show a specific recurrent genetic abnormality that is associated with distinct morphologic features. These tumors are triple-negative and are generally associated with a favorable prognosis compared with other triple-negative breast carcinomas. Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a biphasic epithelial-myoepithelial invasive carcinoma that like its salivary gland counterpart, is characterized by a recurrent t(6; 9) (q22-23; p23-24) translocation which results in the formation of a MYB-NFIB fusion gene. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - January 30, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Christopher J. Schwartz, Timothy M. D'Alfonso Tags: Mini-symposium: Breast pathology Source Type: research
A case of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL)
We report a case of BIA-ALCL and describe the histological and cytological examination findings. Furthermore, we discuss the condition in more detail, how this disease may be staged and the requirement for central registration. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - January 29, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Clare McGenity, Alyn L. Cratchley Tags: Mini-Symposium: Breast Pathology Source Type: research
Minimal change disease complicated by contrast-induced nephropathy
We present a clinical case with histopathological findings of an adult presentation of nephrotic syndrome complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI) following a CT contrast study. A 45-year old female with no significant past medical history was admitted following a 1 week history of peripheral oedema. She developed AKI following CT abdomen and pelvis with contrast, before being transferred to the renal team and being diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Histopathological assessment of a renal biopsy displayed evidence of both acute tubular injury and minimal change disease (MCD). (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - January 28, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Kieran P. Shotton, Bart E. Wagner, Shanmugakumar Chinnappa, Ali Al-Omari Tags: SHORT CASE Source Type: research
Breast neuroendocrine neoplasms: practical applications and continuing challenges in the era of the 5th edition of the WHO classification of breast tumours
The classification and nomenclature for breast neuroendocrine neoplasms have undergone several iterations. The most recent (5th) edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of breast tumours defines pure primary neuroendocrine neoplasms into neuroendocrine tumour (NET) and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC), in alignment with other organ systems, and segregates other lesions that exhibit neuroendocrine morphology/markers into alternative categories. This review will provide an update of the nomenclature evolution, diagnostic criteria and ancillary studies, and prognostic and clinical management of breast neur...
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - January 27, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Gregory R. Bean, Chieh-Yu Lin Tags: Mini-symposium: Breast pathology Source Type: research
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 in breast cancer (and, what happened to medullary carcinoma?)
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and PD-L1 have emerged as important immune biomarkers in breast cancer, particularly triple negative breast carcinomas (TNBC) and human epidermal growth factor-2 positive (HER-2+) breast carcinomas. These components of the tumor immune microenvironment can be harnessed or targeted with immunotherapy, which represents a significant advancement in the management of TNBC. TILs are a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer, and this recognition has led to reclassification of medullary carcinoma (which were TILs rich by definition) as a pattern of invasive ductal carcinoma (no special type) r...
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - January 25, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Ashley Cimino-Mathews Tags: Mini-symposium: Breast pathology Source Type: research
Autopsy in the time of COVID
Whilst much literature has been published since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there remains limited knowledge of the autopsy findings following death from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The practicalities of triaging and examining bodies with suspected COVID-19 are complex and the need for full post-mortem must be balanced with the potential risks to mortuary staff. This brief case report describes the features of a COVID-19 autopsy performed at the start of the first phase of the pandemic and highlights some important learning points for trainees engaged in autopsy practice. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - January 7, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Kathryn J Griffin Tags: Short case Source Type: research
Histopathology during the COVID-19 pandemic: resilience through adaptation and innovation
This article summarizes these adaptations and provides references to guide pathologists through the continuing pandemic. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - December 30, 2020 Category: Pathology Authors: Tim Bracey, Saimah Arif, Angela Mercy Ralte, Abeer M. Shaaban, Raji Ganesan Tags: Mini-symposium: Research into COVID-19 Source Type: research
Goblet cell adenocarcinoma: concepts and updates
Appendiceal goblet cell adenocarcinoma, previously called goblet cell carcinoid and adenocarcinoma ex goblet cell carcinoid, is a rare neoplasm that occurs almost exclusively in the appendix. Several classification and grading systems have been proposed that can separate patients into prognostic groups. This review will provide an update on various classification systems with emphasis on the newly published 2019 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors, which proposed a 3-tiered grading system for appendiceal goblet cell adenocarcinoma based on the extent of low and high-grade patterns. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - December 20, 2020 Category: Pathology Authors: Mojgan Hosseini, Nemencio Ronquillo Tags: Mini-symposium: Gastrointestinal & hepato-pancreato-biliary pathology Source Type: research
Pandemics and pathology: a reflection on influenza, HIV/AIDS and SARS (COVID-19) pandemic infections
The COVID-19 pandemic has reminded pathologists of our significant roles in the management and understanding of rapidly spreading and dangerous pathogens, from identifying the agent to characterising the clinical pathology to managing the dead. Cellular pathology – through autopsy - has depicted the main features: viral pneumonitis, acute lung injury, organising pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia, thrombophilia and infarction, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome with multi-organ failure. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - December 15, 2020 Category: Pathology Authors: Sebastian Lucas Source Type: research
Primary gastrointestinal T-cell lymphomas: concepts and diagnostic insights
The gastrointestinal tract represents the most common site of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Malignant lymphomas represent up to 4% of all malignant neoplasms of the GI tract. Overall, lymphomas of B-cell lineage predominate. T-cell lymphomas are uncommon and account for 6% of all GI tract lymphomas. Intestinal T-cell lymphomas comprise a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative neoplasms with distinct morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic features. Based on the recently revised 2017 WHO classification, intestinal T-cell lymphomas are categorized into four distinct entities: Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma ...
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - December 10, 2020 Category: Pathology Authors: Jessica Alvarez Lesmes, Julio Poveda Tags: Mini-symposium: Gastrointestinal & hepato-pancreato-biliary pathology Source Type: research
Gastric dysplasia and adenomas: how it all MAPS out!
Gastric polyps can be truly neoplastic but most polypoid dysplastic lesions are manifestations of gastritis-associated dysplasia that happens to form a polypoid lesion rather than true adenomas arising in normal background mucosa as is typically observed in the colon. However, the term adenoma has been used over the years to describe polyps with intestinal and pyloric gland differentiation, and this terminology is entrenched in our lexicon. In this review, we briefly discuss the issue of terminology, gastritis, and the following polyp types: intestinal type adenoma, pyloric gland adenoma, foveolar adenoma, and oxyntic glan...
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - December 10, 2020 Category: Pathology Authors: Elizabeth A. Montgomery, Monica T. Garcia-Buitrago Tags: Mini-symposium: Gastrointestinal & hepato-pancreato-biliary pathology Source Type: research
Benign hepatocellular lesions and neoplasms: a comprehensive review
The prevalence of benign mass-forming liver lesions has significantly increased in recent years due to advances in diagnostic imaging. In general, these lesions can be either neoplastic or nonneoplastic and carry a different prognosis and management. Among benign mass-forming lesions of the liver, hemangiomas are the most common, followed by focal nodular hyperplasia, which is encountered ten times more frequently than adenomas. Hepatocellular adenomas are the third most common benign tumor of the liver. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - December 10, 2020 Category: Pathology Authors: Luiz Paulo Guido, Monica T. Garcia-Buitrago Tags: Mini-symposium: Gastrointestinal & hepato-pancreato-biliary pathology Source Type: research
Editorial board
(Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - December 9, 2020 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
COVID-19 autopsies: conclusions from international studies
The rapid pace at which COVID-19 studies are being published is surpassed only by the spread of the virus and the destruction wreaked by the pandemic globally. Therefore, it is likely that, even in the few months prior to this article reaching print, the COVID-19 literature would have moved on. The authors of this article work at a centre for COVID autopsies in London, and the aim of the article is, using their first-hand experience of COVID-19 autopsies, to distil what in their judgement are the most valid and important findings of internationally published COVID-19 autopsy studies. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - December 5, 2020 Category: Pathology Authors: Vivek Sekhawat, Anna Green, Ula Mahadeva Source Type: research
The great mimicker: a rare presentation of Whipple's disease diagnosed on a gastric biopsy
A 60-year-old gentleman presented with chronic diarrhoea and weight loss. Following an array of investigations, primarily targeting a possible malignancy, gastritis and duodenitis were observed on endoscopy. Gastric and duodenal biopsies showed aggregates of PAS positive macrophages in the lamina propria. Polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of Whipple's disease (WD). WD is a rare multisystemic granulomatous infectious disorder, affecting many organ systems but predominantly the gastrointestinal system. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - December 4, 2020 Category: Pathology Authors: Sarah N í Mhaolcatha, Michael Conway, Maurice Murphy Tags: Short Case Source Type: research
