Common thymomas: classification, histology, staging and prognosis
Thymomas are rare tumors that together with thymic carcinomas and thymic neuroendocrine tumors form part of the spectrum of thymic epithelial neoplasms. They arise from neoplastic epithelial cells of the thymic gland in the anterior mediastinum and predominantly affect patients in the 5th-7th decades of life. Thymomas can be associated with autoimmune disorders, especially myasthenia gravis, the diagnosis of which may ultimately lead to the detection of the tumor. Histologically, thymomas are characterized by a wide morphologic spectrum, although their classic biphasic nature, consisting of a mixture of neoplastic epitheli...
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - December 16, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Annikka Weissferdt Tags: Mini-symposium: Thymic epithelial tumours Source Type: research

Unusual thymoma subtypes
Thymomas are neoplastic proliferations of the epithelial cells of the thymus which are variably admixed with a non-neoplastic lymphoid component. Five common subtypes of thymoma are recognized in the current WHO classification. In addition to these five subtypes, three distinct unusual thymomas are currently listed as specific entities in the WHO scheme. These three subtypes, micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma, metaplastic thymoma and lipofibroadenoma, and their differential diagnostic consideration form the subject of this review. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - December 16, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Michael A. den Bakker Tags: Mini-symposium: Thymic epithelial tumours Source Type: research

Thymic neuroendocrine tumours
Thymic epithelial tumours include the subcategory of thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms, which comprise a spectrum of entities that mirrors their counterparts in the lung, i.e. typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small cell carcinoma. These tumours are classified according to the current WHO classification for lung tumours, and their relevant histomorphological and immunohistochemical criteria will be discussed in this brief review. Thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms do, however, also have clinical and molecular characteristics which set  them apart from their pulmonary relatives, and ...
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - December 16, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Jan von der Th üsen Tags: Mini-symposium: Thymic epithelial tumours Source Type: research

Mediastinal seminoma in the setting of advanced colorectal cancer: beware atypical sites of metastasis
We report a case of mediastinal seminoma with prominent follicular lymphoid hyperplasia in a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer and discuss diagnostic considerations including prominent secondary change, immunohistochemical analysis and differential diagnosis. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - December 16, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Craig Wakefield, Brian Bird, Kishore Doddakula, Louise Burke Tags: Short case Source Type: research

Editorial board
(Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - December 15, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research

Biliary atresia and its mimics
Biliary atresia (BA) is an idiopathic, progressive, fibroinflammatory, and obliterative disease of the biliary tract that manifests in the neonatal period with scleral icterus, acholic stools, conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, and elevated serum-gamma glutamyl transferase. Definitive diagnosis is established by a multi-disciplinary team comprising of pediatricians, hepatologists, radiologists, surgeons, and pathologists. It is currently the most common cause of pediatric liver transplantation in the USA and worldwide. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - December 6, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Kalyani R. Patel Tags: Mini-Symposium: Practical approaches to medical liver disease Source Type: research

Benign intradermal melanocytic naevus with osteoclast-like giant melanocytes: a case report of an unusual morphological pattern
Multinucleated osteoclast-like melanocytes are a relatively common feature in malignant melanoma, however reported cases of benign melanocytic naevi with giant cells melanocytes are scarce. Herein, we present an unusual case of an intradermal melanocytic naevus with numerous benign giant cell melanocytes. A 42-year-old female presented with a small papule on the forehead which was excised. Histologically, the lesion was formed of an intradermal proliferation of benign melanocytes without junctional activity. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - November 29, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Michael Toss, Hiba Issa, Graham Colver, Ali Al-Omari Tags: Short case Source Type: research

Editorial board
(Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - November 25, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research

Diagnosis and classification of vascular liver disorders
The liver vasculature is unique with a dual blood supply and consists of four separate systems: the portal veins, hepatic arteries, hepatic veins, and hepatic sinusoids. Multiple disorders can affect each of these components with very diverse clinical presentations ranging from subclinical to acute liver failure. In many of the cases the diagnosis is made clinically, and biopsies are reserved for cases with an atypical presentation, unclear diagnosis or for the evaluation of a concomitant underlying liver disease. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - November 22, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Iv án A. González, Dhanpat Jain Tags: Mini-symposium: Practical approaches to medical liver disease Source Type: research

An approach to acute hepatitis on liver biopsy
Acute hepatitis is a clinical term referring to elevated liver biochemistries for less than 6  months duration, and is associated with a wide variety of clinical and histologic manifestations as well as a wide range of etiologies. The role of the pathologist in this setting is to confirm the pattern of injury, provide an etiologic differential diagnosis, and assess degree of injury or fibro sis as prognostic indicators. In the setting of a clinical acute hepatitis, the histologic patterns of injury include: severely active lobular hepatitis (panlobular hepatitis); zone 3 hepatitis; active hepatitis with confluent necrosis...
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - November 17, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Angela R. Shih, Anthony R. Mattia Tags: Mini-symposium: Practical approaches to medical liver disease Source Type: research

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also referred to as metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is the commonest form of chronic liver disorder arising from metabolic dysregulation. It encompasses a wide spectrum of fatty liver phenotypes including isolated steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is considered more likely to lead to grave clinical consequences such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, compared to simple steatosis. NASH is characterised by steatosis, inflammation, and damage to hepatocytes. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - November 17, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Seung Hyun Lee, Tu Vinh Luong Tags: Short case Source Type: research

Pathologic features and differential diagnosis of chronic hepatitis
Persistent or relapsing hepatitic liver injury for more than 6  months results in chronic hepatitis, a broad category that includes the most common liver diseases: viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, and fatty liver disease, as well as less common inherited metabolic disorders such as Wilson disease and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficie ncy. Chronic cholestatic liver disease may also progress to advanced fibrosis and can be mistaken for a chronic hepatitis. Histologic features may overlap, especially at an advanced stage, and thus morphologic findings together with the overall clinical context play...
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - November 12, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Won-Tak Choi, Ryan M. Gill Tags: Mini-symposium: Practical approaches to medical liver disease Source Type: research

Small round blue cell sarcomas of bone: an update on classification, pathology and molecular profiling
Small round cell sarcomas of bone are extremely aggressive tumors, most often occurring in children and young adults. Recent genomic discoveries have contributed to the current classification of these tumors. The latest edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of Soft Tissue and Bone identifies four subcategories each with distinct clinical features and prognostic outcome- Ewing sarcoma with ETS rearrangements and tumors with gene fusions involving EWSR1-non-ETS, CIC -rearranged tumors and sarcoma with BCOR genetic alterations. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - November 11, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Vaiyapuri Sumathi, Meera Hameed Tags: Mini-symposium: bone pathology Source Type: research

Approach to the liver biopsy diagnosis of adult cholangiopathies
Cholangiopathy refers to a wide spectrum of chronic biliary disorders. Primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis account for the vast majority of cholangiopathies in adult patients. Inflammatory variants of these disorders are often described as overlap syndromes with autoimmune hepatitis. Other cholangiopathies show clinical and histologic features that can mimic primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, and require clinical information as well as a careful assessment of histologic findings to arrive at the correct diagnosis. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - November 11, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: ILKe Nalbantoglu, Joseph Misdraji Tags: Mini-symposium: Practical approaches to medical liver disease Source Type: research

Giant-cell-rich tumors of bone
Neoplasms of bone with numerous non-neoplastic osteoclast type giant cells are relatively common and exhibit diverse phenotypes of the neoplastic cells. These tumors have a broad spectrum of biological potential which necessitates accurate recognition and diagnosis. Their clinicopathological features are overlapping, therefore, immunohistochemistry and molecular studies may be required for evaluation. Correlation with imaging studies provides additional information that should be incorporated into the pathological interpretation. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - November 8, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Jeremiah F. Molligan, Andrew E. Rosenberg Tags: Mini-symposium: Bone pathology Source Type: research