An unusual cause of tricuspid and pulmonary valve stenosis and regurgitation
We present here a case detailing the classical findings of carcinoid heart disease in a tricuspid valve. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - February 17, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Steven W.G. Nottley, Sylvia Wright Tags: Short Case Source Type: research
Fibromuscular dysplasia: an update
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a family of non-atherosclerotic noninflammatory vascular conditions that has a predilection for women in their middle age. FMD is classically diagnosed in renal arteries, but it can affect all vascular beds, hence producing a variety of symptoms. The diagnosis is often driven by clinical and radiologic criteria, only rarely with tissue biopsy confirmation. However, there are multiple diseases within the FMD spectrum, and still others that may mimic FMD, making biopsies vital for diagnosis in some cases. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - February 14, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Fazarina Mohammed, Michael A. Seidman Tags: Mini-symposium: Cardiothoracic pathology Source Type: research
The pathology of pericarditis
Pericarditis is the most common pericardial disease. Clinically, pericarditis can be categorized into acute, incessant, chronic, and recurrent pericarditis based on the onset and duration of signs and symptoms. Constrictive pericarditis is a separate entity with different clinical manifestations and pathophysiology. The risk of developing constrictive pericarditis depends on the underlying cause. The etiologies of pericarditis are diverse, ranging from infection, autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases, malignancy, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and idiopathic. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - February 13, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Sakda Sathirareuangchai, Susan Armstrong Tags: Mini-symposium: Cardiothoracic pathology Source Type: research
Update on HER2 expression in breast cancer
Recent studies since the 2018 ASCO/CAP guideline update for HER2 testing in breast cancer have made novel discoveries in HER2-targeted therapy. These studies have elucidated a new subtype of breast cancer known as "HER2-low" breast cancers, which represents a distinct subgroup under what has been classified as HER2-negative breast cancer. Additionally, there is further understanding of alterations within the ERBB2 gene, including mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain, both de novo or as a resistance mechanism. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - January 31, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Melissa Krystel-Whittemore, Hannah Y. Wen Tags: Mini-symposium: Breast pathology Source Type: research
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(Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - January 29, 2022 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
The role of immunohistochemistry in diagnostic breast pathology
Using an entity and differential diagnosis based approach, this paper reviews the role of immunohistochemistry as an adjunct to morphology in the diagnosis and categorization of (1) intraductal epithelial cell proliferations (2) lobular neoplasia (3) glandular proliferations, papillary lesions and subtle invasive breast carcinoma (4) spindle cell lesions and (5) metastases to and from the breast. Brief descriptions of the pathological features are included with emphasis on useful antibodies and their limitations. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - January 29, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Aoife Maguire, Cecily Quinn, Jessica Maguire, Maria P. Foschini Tags: Mini-symposium: Breast pathology Source Type: research
An interesting case of a mucinous tumour of the breast
We report the case of a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast in an elderly patient who presented with a large breast mass. Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is a rare subtype of breast carcinoma. It classically occurs in post-menopausal women and is usually negative for ER, PR and HER2. This tumour may be difficult to differentiate from other similar variants of breast carcinoma and particularly from metastatic mucinous cystadenocarcinomas originating from other organs, such as the ovary and pancreas. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - January 7, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Clare McGenity, Oleg Anichtchik, Rebecca Millican-Slater Tags: Short case Source Type: research
An update on the classification of phyllodes tumours of the breast
This article addresses challenges in the diagnosis, grading and management of PT in excisional and core needle biopsy specimens, with a brief review of recent molecular findings. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - January 6, 2022 Category: Pathology Authors: Fan Foon Cheo, Yongcheng Benjamin Tan, Puay Hoon Tan Tags: MINI-SYMPOSIUM: BREAST PATHOLOGY Source Type: research
Morphological spectrum of adenoid-cystic carcinoma of the breast: focus on diagnostic and prognostic features
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a salivary gland-type of cancer that may also occur in the breast. Breast AdCC shows the same morphological spectrum as is observed in salivary glands, with recognition of individual subtypes that may differ in their clinical behaviour. AdCC classic variant (C-AdCC) is a slowly growing tumour, with a low rate of axillary node and distant metastases. Local recurrences may develop as a consequence of incomplete surgical excision. C-AdCC should be differentiated from the solid-basaloid variant of AdCC (SB-AdCC) that is characterized by nuclear atypia, frequent mitotic figures and necrosis, i...
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - December 28, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Maria P. Foschini, Stefano Chillotti, Riccardo Ciudino, Viscardo P. Fabbri, Alberto Righi, Cecily Quinn Tags: Mini-symposium: Breast pathology Source Type: research
Applications and implications of whole-slide imaging in breast pathology
This article describes the applications and implications of WSI within the context of the reporting of breast pathology specimens. Challenging diagnostic entities in digital breast pathology are presented and the key areas in which AI could be useful in breast pathology are highlighted. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - December 28, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Rebecca A. Millican-Slater, Emad A. Rakha Tags: Mini-symposium: Breast pathology Source Type: research
Diagnostic pitfalls in needle core biopsy of the breast
Breast core biopsies are a standard component of the triple approach that includes clinical examination, imaging and tissue sampling. Conventional cores, diagnostic vacuum assisted biopsy and vacuum assisted excisions are established methods for sampling and managing breast lesions. It is important to be aware of the potential pitfalls in the technical handling and interpretation of the limited core biopsy samples. Here, we present a clinically oriented, well illustrated overview of the common diagnostic pitfalls based on the author's diagnostic and second opinion practice, emphasize the value of clinicopathological correl...
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - December 28, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Abeer M. Shaaban Tags: Mini-symposium: Breast pathology Source Type: research
Vascular neoplasms of the breast
are uncommon and can be challenging to diagnose, particularly in needle biopsies in which it can be difficult to appreciate architectural features. Here, we survey vascular neoplasms of the breast, including perilobular haemangioma, angiolipoma, capillary haemangioma, venous haemangioma, cavernous haemangioma, sinusoidal haemangioma, angiomatosis, atypical post-radiation vascular proliferation, radiation-associated angiosarcoma, and primary mammary angiosarcoma. We emphasise and illustrate key morphologic features, as well as diagnostic pitfalls and recent updates in our understanding of the molecular genetics of these tu...
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - December 28, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: David J. Papke, Christopher DM. Fletcher Tags: Mini-symposium: Breast pathology Source Type: research
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(Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - December 10, 2021 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
My approach to intraductal bile duct proliferations
Intraductal proliferations of the bile duct usually involve large bile ducts, and can occur in the intrahepatic, perihilar, and extrahepatic sites. Pre-invasive grossly detectable neoplasms are currently termed as intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct (IPN-B). There is cytologic and architectural heterogeneity between and within these tumors. Based on morphologic differences between intrahepatic and extrahepatic IPN-B, the tumors can be subclassified into Type 1 and Type 2. These neoplasms show a spectrum from low-grade to high-grade dysplasia and can be associated with invasive carcinoma. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - December 3, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Deyali Chatterjee Tags: Mini-symposium: Tumours of the liver and biliary tree Source Type: research
How do I distinguish cholangiocarcinoma from metastatic carcinoma and why does it matter?
The 2019 WHO classification recognizes two morphologic variants of cholangiocarcinoma: 1) small duct type, and, 2) large duct type; the former is associated with IDH1/2 mutations and FGFR2 fusions. Therapies targeting these genetic alterations have recently been approved by the FDA. The liver is a favored site of metastasis in the body, and it is thus imperative to distinguish metastatic adenocarcinoma from cholangiocarcinoma. The traditional diagnostic approach employs immunohistochemical stains to exclude a metastatic carcinoma. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - November 30, 2021 Category: Pathology Authors: Monika Vyas, Vikram Deshpande Tags: Mini-symposium: Tumours of the liver and biliary tree Source Type: research
