Protein-based biomarkers in pulmonary malignancies
Targeted therapies have revolutionised the management of patients with lung cancer over the last 20 years. A crucial role for pulmonary pathologists is to provide high quality and timely analysis of predictive biomarkers that guide the use of these targeted treatments. Protein-based biomarkers, alongside nucleic acid analyses, are mostly used to predict response to therapies that inhibit oncogenic stimulation or utilise immune checkpoint inhi bition. Despite the protein-based mechanism of action of targeted therapies, development of biomarkers for lung cancers have been chiefly focused on genomics. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - April 22, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Alexander K. Haragan Tags: Mini-symposium: thoracic pathology Source Type: research
Rectal gastric heterotopia with fundic gland polyps, mimicking a high-risk primary anorectal neoplasm: histological evidence of the effects of gastric acid-suppressing medication in a rectal ‘outlet patch’
Gastric heterotopia can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract but is rare in the rectum. This case of rectal gastric heterotopia is novel as the heterotopic mucosa contained fundic gland polyps, and there were histological changes in the gastric glands characteristic of proton pump inhibitor-related changes. These changes included apocrine-like luminal cytoplasmic protrusions in cystically dilated oxyntic gland parietal cells. These are well described in the native stomachs of PPI treated patients, but this is the first report of these changes in heterotopic gastric mucosa to our knowledge. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - April 17, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Ethan Clarke, Khine Thu, Tim Bracey Tags: Short case Source Type: research
Multinodular goitre: pitfalls in the interpretation of thyroid follicular nodular disease
Thyroid follicular nodular disease (FND), formerly known as multinodular goitre is one of the commonest thyroid pathologies and can show variable clinical presentation and a variety of histopathologic features. The microscopic features of thyroid FND can sometimes mimic those of well-differentiated thyroid malignancies. It is important to recognise this range of appearances to avoid over diagnosis of neoplasia. Macroscopic examination of t hyroid specimens and correlation with microscopic features can be helpful in interpreting nodules with atypical appearances. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - April 15, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Rashpal Flora, Suchana Mukhopadhyay Tags: Mini-symposium: endocrine pathology Source Type: research
Pitfalls in the interpretation of parathyroid pathology
This article briefly describes the pathology of the parathyroid gland seen commonly in routine practice and the application of recent WHO terminologies in practice. The commonest clinical presentation is hypercalcaemia due to hyperparathyroidism. Diagnosis of parathyroid lesions requires the integration of clinical, biochemical, surgical and histopathological features. MDT discussion and optimized clinical information support the pathological features. Often, histological specimens require a detailed workup including processing the entire gland, further levels and sectioning, and ancillary testing. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - April 13, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Shonali Natu Tags: Mini-symposium: endocrine pathology Source Type: research
The past, the present and the promising: a report of a rare case of parathyroid carcinoma
We report a case of PTC demonstrating classical lymphovascular invasion, and review how pathologists can confidently and effectively diagnose PTC utilising the correct morphological histopathological featur es, supported by a panel of immunohistochemical stains and ancillary molecular testing. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - April 13, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Sarah Ruane, Pedro Oliveira Tags: Short case Source Type: research
The application of artificial intelligence to thyroid nodule assessment
Artificial intelligence (AI) is of considerable interest in the healthcare community including its diagnostic applications for thyroid nodules in assisting both radiology and FNA assessment. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) helps distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules and is a crucial step in the initial diagnosis of cancer. The classification of some lesions can be challenging, and the use of AI in some cases may become essential in order not to give an indeterminate result to the lesion. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - April 6, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Paola Chiara Rizzo, Stefano Marletta, Nicol ò Caldonazzi, Alessia Nottegar, Albino Eccher, Fabio Pagni, Vincenzo L'Imperio, Liron Pantanowitz Tags: Mini-symposium: endocrine pathology Source Type: research
Painting the path to precision: unraveling endocrine tumors with immunohistochemistry
While morphological assessment remains the primary cornerstone in tumor diagnostics, immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses hold immense value in surgical pathology. This is particularly true in endocrine pathology, which encompasses a multitude of tumors from various organs, often presenting with several morphological mimics. In many cases, IHC proves to be invaluable for practicing pathologists in reaching accurate diagnoses. Furthermore, IHC plays a pivotal role in prognosticating endocrine tumors, aiding pathologists in grading and assessing the risk associated with these lesions. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - April 5, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: L. Samuel Hellgren, C. Christofer Juhlin Tags: Mini-symposium: endocrine pathology Source Type: research
Editorial board
(Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - March 27, 2024 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
How to distinguish between reactive and neoplastic flat urothelial lesions
We describe the most frequent entities with a focus on clinical meaning. Several of these described lesions do not figure in the WHO 2022 classification; t herefore knowledge of them is important. We also discuss benign, precursor and malignant lesions and suggest the latest nomenclatures given by international societies. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - February 27, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Eva Comp érat, Johannes Kläger, André Oszwald, Shahrokh Shariat, Gabriel Wasinger Tags: Mini-symposium: urological pathology Source Type: research
Determining the diagnosis of an oncocytic renal neoplasm: a case report
This is the case of a 45 year old male patient with an oncocytic renal neoplasm that was difficult to classify. Histology from a partial nephrectomy revealed a tumour comprising oncocytic cells containing rounded nuclei with some prominent nucleoli, although no necrosis or lymphovascular invasion. CK7 immunohistochemistry was focally positive, with only weak staining for CD117. There are multiple lesions to consider in the differential diagnosis of oncocytic renal tumours with borderline features between oncocytoma and chromophobe carcinoma. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - February 27, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Clare McGenity, Simon Vlies, Jo-An Roulson Tags: Short case Source Type: research
Best practices and recommendations for grossing and reporting of post-immunotherapy nephrectomy specimens: a single-institution experience of 70 cases
The gross handling of and reporting of renal cell carcinoma in the setting of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy presents unique challenges, and there is little known about the spectrum of histologic changes that can be seen in this setting. We studied 70 cases of RCC, status post immunotherapy and nephrectomy at our institute and devised a standardized grossing protocol to help assess pathologic response. Our protocol includes sampling a complete cross section of the largest diameter of tumor with additional sections from areas of gross extrarenal involvement. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - February 26, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Michael J Hwang, Patrick M Brennan, Bryan M Monge, Bassam Alkamachi, Prih Rohra, Mekenzie M Peshoff, Padmanee Sharma, Kanishka Sircar, Pheroze Tamboli, Priya Rao Tags: Mini-symposium: urological pathology Source Type: research
Testicular germ cell tumors: challenges in tumor diagnosis and pathological staging
Testis tumors are the most common malignancies in young men. The most common testis tumors are germ cell tumors (GCT) that are considered curable diseases due to excellent prognosis. Management of GCT begins with radical orchiectomy. Once the specimen arrives on pathologist's bench, accurate diagnosis begins with obtaining proper clinical history, careful macroscopic examination, and proper sampling. Finally, the information provided by pathologist outlines the need for further treatment, clinical behavior, and outcome of tumor. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - February 26, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Ali Amin, Liang Cheng Tags: Short case Source Type: research
Molecular uropathology: what a practising pathologist should know
Advancements in molecular pathology have initiated a transformative era in the diagnostic classification and treatment of urological cancers. The 2022 WHO classification exemplifies this evolution by introducing molecularly defined renal cell carcinoma entities. The synthesis of clinical, pathological, and molecular findings leveraging large-scale technologies like next-generation sequencing (NGS) has led to a significant acceleration of precision oncology. Predictive biomarker testing has gained significant importance in urological malignancies, especially in urothelial cancer and prostate cancer underscored by novel targ...
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - February 21, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Veronika Bahlinger, Fabienne Lange, Markus Eckstein Tags: Mini-symposium: urological pathology Source Type: research
Microscopic colitis: what's in a name? An overview from clinical and histological perspectives
Microscopic colitis presents as chronic watery diarrhoea and leads to a significant disease burden. Specific histological characteristics are key to diagnosing microscopic colitis and to specify its subtypes collagenous colitis or lymphocytic colitis. Histological hallmarks of microscopic colitis are an increased inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria without significant crypt architectural distortion and intraepithelial lymphocytosis, which is generally more prominent in lymphocytic colitis. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)
Source: Diagnostic Histopathology - February 10, 2024 Category: Pathology Authors: Chella S van der Post, Danny Goudkade, Bas PM Verhaegh Tags: Mini-symposium: gastrointestinal and hepato-pancreato-biliary pathology Source Type: research
