Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Nicotine Sensitization in Rats Neonatally Treated with Quinpirole: Analyses of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Implications towards Schizophrenia
This study demonstrates that environmental experience has a prominent impact on the behavioral and the neural plasticity NAcc response to nicotine in adole scence.Dev Neurosci (Source: Developmental Neuroscience)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - February 14, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Magnesium as a Neuroprotective Agent: A Review of Its Use in the Fetus, Term Infant with Neonatal Encephalopathy, and the Adult Stroke Patient
This article explores the current status of magnesium being used as an adjunct to hypothermia in term neonatal encephalopathy (NE) against a background of its use in other populations. There is some evidence for magnesium sulfate as a neuroprotective agent, however animal studies of NE at term equivalent age have been confounded by concomitant hypothermia induced by magnesium itself. Nevertheless, the combination of magnesium and cooling has been shown to be more effective than either treatment alone in adult rodents. In the preterm baby, magnesium sulfate given antenatally in threatened preterm labor has demonstrated a si...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - February 7, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Distribution and Cellular Localization of KCC2 in the Ferret Neocortex
We describe the expression pattern, regional distribution, and cellular colocalization of KCC2 in the ferret cortex in normal kits and those treated with methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM). We earlier developed a model of impaired cortical development by injecting MAM during mid-cortical gestation, which briefly interferes with neuronal production and additionally results in increased levels of KCC2 at P0. Using immunohistochemistry, we show a shift in KCC2 expression during development, being high in the subplate at P0, repositioning into a subtle laminar pattern in the neocortex at P7-P14, and becoming homogeneous at P35....
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - January 30, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Microglial Activation Induces Generation of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells from the Subventricular Zone after Focal Demyelination in the Corpus Callosum
This study revealed that focal demyelination in the corpus callosum caused activation of the microglia, not only at the site of demyelination but also in the SVZ, and dramatically increased the generation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in the SVZ. Furthermore, the inhibition of microglial activation by minocycline treatment decreased OPC generation in the SVZ, suggesting that microglial activation in the SVZ, induced by the focal demyelination in the corpus callosum, regulates NSC/NPC lineage plasticity in situ. In contrast to the findings regarding demyelination in the corpus callosum, inducing focal demyelina...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - January 25, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Targeted Knockdown of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling within Neural Progenitors Protects the Brain and Improves Motor Function following Postnatal Hypoxia-Ischemia
Hypoxic-ischemic injury (HI) to the neonatal human brain results in myelin loss that, in some children, can manifest as cerebral palsy. Previously, we had found that neuronal overexpression of the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) inhibitor noggin during development increased oligodendroglia and improved motor function in an experimental model of HI utilizing unilateral common carotid artery ligation followed by hypoxia. As BMPs are known to negatively regulate oligodendroglial fate specification of neural stem cells and alter differentiation of committed oligodendroglia, BMP signaling is likely an important mechanism leading...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - January 11, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Effects of Early-Life Adversity on Hippocampal Structures and Associated HPA Axis Functions
Early-life adversity (ELA) is one of the major risk factors for serious mental and physical health risks later in life. ELA has been associated with dysfunctional neurodevelopment, especially in brain structures such as the hippocampus, and with dysfunction of the stress system, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Children who have experienced ELA are also more likely to suffer from mental health disorders such as depression later in life. The exact interplay of aberrant neurodevelopment and HPA axis dysfunction as risks for psychopathology is not yet clear. We investigated volume differences in the bi...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - December 13, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Deficits in Docosahexaenoic Acid Accrual during Adolescence Reduce Rat Forebrain White Matter Microstructural Integrity: An in vivo Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
This study determined the effects of altering brain DHA accrual during adolescence on WMI in the rat brain by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and investigated the potential mediating role of proinflammatory signaling. During periadolescent development, male rats were fed a diet deficient in n-3 fatty acids (DEF,n = 20), a fish oil-fortified diet containing preformed DHA (FO,n = 20), or a control diet (CON,n = 20). In adulthood, DTI scans were performed and brain WMI was determined using voxelwise tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). Postmortem fatty acid composition, peripheral (plasma IL-1 β, IL-6, and C-reactive prote...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - December 7, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Paradoxical Effects of Chronic Intra-Amniotic < b > < i > Ureaplasma parvum < /i > < /b > Exposure on Ovine Fetal Brain Development
This study demonstrates that microbial interactions and the timing and duration of the inflammatory insults determine the effects on the fetal brain. Therefore, this study helps to understand the complex and diverse postnatal neurological outcomes following UP driven chorioamnionitis.Dev Neurosci 2017;39:472-486 (Source: Developmental Neuroscience)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - November 28, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Contents Vol. 39, 2017
Dev Neurosci 2017;39:I-IV (Source: Developmental Neuroscience)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - November 28, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Maternal Cannabinoid Use Alters Cannabinoid (CB1) and Endothelin (ETB) Receptor Expression in the Brains of Dams but Not Their Offspring
According to the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, cannabis (marijuana) is the most commonly used recreational drug in the US. Among pregnant women aged 14-55 years, 3.4% were cannabis users. Presently, little is known about the neurodevelopmental effect of cannabis use during pregnancy and/or nursing on neonates. Endothelin (ET) is essential for normal development of the central nervous system (CNS). Decreases in ETB receptor expression correlate with a decline in nerve growth factor (NGF) and an increase in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in postnatal brain. Activation of ETB and cannabinoid 1 (CB1) ...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - November 6, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Maternal Cannabinoid Use Alters Cannabinoid (CB < sub > 1 < /sub > ) and Endothelin (ET < sub > B < /sub > ) Receptor Expression in the Brains of Dams but Not Their Offspring
According to the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, cannabis (marijuana) is the most commonly used recreational drug in the US. Among pregnant women aged 14-55 years, 3.4% were cannabis users. Presently, little is known about the neurodevelopmental effect of cannabis use during pregnancy and/or nursing on neonates. Endothelin (ET) is essential for normal development of the central nervous system (CNS). Decreases in ETB receptor expression correlate with a decline in nerve growth factor (NGF) and an increase in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in postnatal brain. Activation of ETB and cannabinoid 1 (CB1) ...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - November 3, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Prenatal Dynamics of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolism in Mice: Focus on Kynurenic Acid
The kynurenine pathway (KP), the major catabolic route of tryptophan in mammals, contains several neuroactive metabolites, including kynurenic acid (KYNA) and 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK). KP metabolism, and especially the fate of KYNA, during pregnancy is poorly understood, yet it may play a significant role in the development of psychiatric disorders later in life. The present study was designed to investigate the prenatal features of KP metabolism in vivo, with special focus on KYNA. To this end, pregnant CD-1 mice were treated systemically with kynurenine (100 mg/kg), KYNA (10 mg/kg), or saline on embryonic day 18. As ex...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - October 27, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Sexually Dimorphic Epigenetic Regulation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Fetal Brain in the Valproic Acid Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Prenatal exposure to the antiepileptic, mood-stabilizing drug, valproic acid (VPA), increases the incidence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); in utero administration of VPA to pregnant rodents induces ASD-like behaviors such as repetitive, stereotyped activity, and decreased socialization. In both cases, males are more affected than females. We previously reported that VPA, administered to pregnant mice at gestational day 12.5, rapidly induces a transient, 6-fold increase in BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) protein and mRNA in the fetal brain. Here, we investigate sex differences in the induction ofBdnf expressi...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - October 26, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Combined Diffusion Tensor and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging Methodology for Automated Regional Brain Analysis: Application in a Normal Pediatric Population
We present statistical analyses of regional DTI and MRSI data in a cohort of normal pediatric subjects (n = 72; age range: 5-18 years; mean 12.7 ± 3.3 years) to establish normative data and evaluate maturational trends. Several regions showed significant maturational changes for several DTI parameters and MRSI ratios, but the percent change over the age range tended to be small. In the subcortical region (combined basal ganglia [BG], thalam i [TH], and corpus callosum [CC]), the largest combined percent change was a 10% increase in fractional anisotropy (FA) primarily due to increases in the BG (12.7%) and TH (9%). The la...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - October 25, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Subject Index Vol. 39, No. 1-4, 2017
Dev Neurosci 2017;39:353 (Source: Developmental Neuroscience)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - October 25, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
