Long-Term Decreases in the Expression of Calcineurin and GABAA Receptors Induced by Early Maternal Separation Are Associated with Increased Anxiety-Like Behavior in Adult Male Rats
Conclusions: Together, our study suggests that GABAA receptors via calcineurin-dependent signaling pathways may play an important role in the expression of stress-induced anxiety-like behavior.Dev Neurosci (Source: Developmental Neuroscience)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - December 18, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Morphological Characterization of the Developing Greater Cane Rat ( < b > < i > Thryonomys swinderianus < /i > < /b > ) Brain
This study was therefore designed to characterize and describe distinctive external developmental features in the prenatal GCR brain across the entire gestational length using the emergence and differentiation of external features of the brain vesicles. Four gross morphometric brain parameters (weight, length, width, and height) were evaluated and expressed as mean ± SEM. Relationship between all brain morphometrics and gestation length were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and linear regression. Developmental milestones in the prenatal GCR were then compared with closely related precocial mammals. The earliest time point wit...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - December 15, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Sulforaphane Protects Piglet Brains from Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury
The striatal, primary sensorimotor cortical, and thalamic neurons are highly vulnerable to hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in term newborns. In a piglet model of HI that exhibits similar selective regional vulnerability, we tested the hypothesis that early treatment with sulforaphane, an activator of the Nrf2 transcription factor, protects vulnerable neurons from HI injury. Anesthetized piglets (aged 3 –7 days) were subjected to 45 min of hypoxia and 7 min of airway occlusion. At 15 min after resuscitation, the piglets received intravenous vehicle or sulforaphane. At 4 days of recovery, the density of viable neurons in the putamen...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - December 10, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
miR-325-3p Protects Neurons from Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reoxygenation Injury via Inhibition of RIP3
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that miR-325-3p targets RIP3 to inactivate the MAPK pathway, thereby protecting neurons against OGD/R-induced injury.Dev Neurosci (Source: Developmental Neuroscience)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - October 30, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
TrkC Overexpression Protects Sevoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons
Conclusions: SEVO may induce neurotoxicity in human iPS-derived neurons, and its neurotoxic damage could be protected by the overexpression of TrkC.Dev Neurosci (Source: Developmental Neuroscience)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - October 26, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Systematic Review of the Valproic-Acid-Induced Rodent Model of Autism
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by repetitive behaviours, cognitive rigidity/inflexibility, and social-affective impairment. Unfortunately, few pharmacological treatments exist to alleviate these socio-behavioural impairments. Prenatal administration of valproic acid (VPA) has become an accepted animal model of ASD and has been extensively used to explore new pharmacotherapies in rodents. We conducted a systematic review of the behavioural impairments induced by the VPA model in rodents, with specific reference to 3 core socio-behavioural alterations associated with ASD: repeti...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - August 18, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Caffeine Restores Background EEG Activity Independent of Infarct Reduction after Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury
In human preterm newborns, caffeine increases brain activity and improves neurodevelopmental outcomes. In animal models of hypoxic ischemic brain injury, caffeine pretreatment reduces infarct volume. We studied the relationship between tissue neuroprotection and brain activity after injury to further understand caffeine neuroprotection. Rat dams received caffeine prior to birth or on postnatal day 3 (P3) through P16. Caffeine-treated and -untreated pups underwent the Vannucci procedure (unilateral carotid ligation, global hypoxia) on P2. A subset had EEG recordings. Brain hemispheric infarct volume was measured on P16. P2 ...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - August 18, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Contents Vol. 41, 2019
Dev Neurosci 2019;41:I –IV (Source: Developmental Neuroscience)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - July 17, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Publisher's Note
Dev Neurosci (Source: Developmental Neuroscience)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - July 16, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Development of Adolescent Chronic Pain following Traumatic Brain Injury and Surgery: The Role of Diet and Early Life Stress
Pain is evolutionarily necessary for survival in that it reduces tissue damage by signaling the body to respond to a harmful stimulus. However, in many circumstances, acute pain becomes chronic, and this is often dysfunctional. Adolescent chronic pain is a growing epidemic with an unknown etiology and limited effective treatment options. Given that the relationship between acute pain and chronic pain is not straightforward, there is a need to better understand the factors that contribute to the chronification of pain. Since early life factors are critical to a variety of outcomes in the developmental and adolescent periods...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - July 10, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Positive Modulation of SK Channel Impedes Neuron-Specific Cytoskeletal Organization and Maturation
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) modulates the structural plasticity of dendritic spines by impacting cytoskeletal organization and kinase signaling. In the developing nervous system, activation of NMDAR is pertinent for neuronal migration, neurite differentiation, and cellular organization. Given that small conductance potassium channels (SK2/3) repress NMDAR ionotropic signaling, this study highlights the impact of neonatal SK channel potentiation on adult cortical and hippocampal organization. Neonatal SK channel potentiation was performed by one injection of SK2/3 agonist (CyPPA) into the pallium of mice on postna...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - June 24, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Metabolomics Study of Hypoxia Ischemia during Mouse Brain Development Using Hyperpolarized < sup > 13 < /sup > C
Conclusion: We describe a method for detecting and monitoring the evolution of HI injury during brain maturation which could prove to be an excellent biomarker of injury.Dev Neurosci (Source: Developmental Neuroscience)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - June 22, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Acute Lengthening of Progenitor Mitosis Influences Progeny Fate during Cortical Development < b > < i > in vivo < /i > < /b >
Conclusions: This study establishes a valuable new experimental paradigm towards understanding mechanisms whereby lengthened mitosis duration may explain some cases of microcephaly.Dev Neurosci (Source: Developmental Neuroscience)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - June 15, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Socioeconomic Status in Infancy and the Developing Brain: Functional Connectivity of the Hippocampus and Amygdala
The development of the hippocampus and amygdala is particularly sensitive to environmental factors, including socioeconomic status (SES). Studies that have investigated associations between SES and brain development markers have rarely focused on connectivity. Accordingly, this longitudinal study examined whether SES in infancy (parental education and income-to-needs ratio) predicts the functional connectivity of the hippocampus and amygdala in late childhood, and in turn whether functional connectivity is associated with child socioemotional adjustment in a middle-class sample. SES indices were measured when children (n =...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - June 9, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Deficit of Long-Term Potentiation Induction, but Not Maintenance, in the Juvenile Hippocampus after Neonatal Proinflammatory Stress
CA3-CA1 long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal slices from juvenile Wistar rats was studied to reveal factors potentially contributing to different sensitivity to neonatal proinflammatory stress (NPS). NPS was induced by intra peritoneal injections of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to neonatal rats (two injections of LPS, or saline in the control group, consecutively on postnatal days 3 and 5 [PND3 and PND5]). In females, a significant effect of NPS on hippocampus development was associated with modifications of lon g-term synaptic plasticity, the synapses becoming more resistant to LTP induction. LTP defici...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - May 5, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
