Expression Analyses of Mediator Complex Subunit 13-Like: A Responsible Gene for Neurodevelopmental Disorders during Mouse Brain Development
In this study, we prepared a specific antibody against MED13L, anti-MED13L, and analyzed its expression profile in mouse tissues with focusing on the central nervous system. In Western blotting, MED13L exhibited a tissue-dependent expression profile in the adult mouse and was expressed in a developmental stage-dependent manner in brain. In immunofluorescence analyses, MED13L was at least partially colocalized with pre- and post-synaptic markers, synaptophysin, and PSD95, in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that MED13L was relatively highly expressed in ventricular zone surface of ...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - April 1, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Flexible Stoichiometry: Implications for KCNQ2- and KCNQ3-Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorders
KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 pathogenic channel variants have been associated with a spectrum of developmentally regulated diseases that vary in age of onset, severity, and whether it is transient (i.e., benign familial neonatal seizures) or long-lasting (i.e., developmental and epileptic encephalopathy). KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 channels have also emerged as a target for novel antiepileptic drugs as their activation could reduce epileptic activity. Consequently, a great effort has taken place over the last 2 decades to understand the mechanisms that control the assembly, gating, and modulation of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 channels. The current view that...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - April 1, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neonatal Rats Exhibit a Predominantly Anti-Inflammatory Response following Spinal Cord Injury
It has been reported that children may respond better than adults to a spinal cord injury (SCI) of similar severity. There are known biomechanical differences in the developing spinal cord that may contribute to this “infant lesion effect,” but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Using immunohistochemistry, we have previously demonstrated a different injury progression and immune cell response after a mild thoracic contusion SCI in infant rats, as compared to adult rats. Here, we investigated the acute in flammatory responses using flow cytometry and ELISA at 1 h, 24 h, and 1 week after SCI in neonatal (P7) and adul...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - March 31, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Left Hemisphere Lateralization of Epileptic Focus Can Be More Frequent in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Surgical Patients with No Consensus Associated with Depression Lateralization
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is considered to be the most common form of epilepsy, and it has been seen that most patients are refractory to antiepileptic drugs. A strong association of this ailment has been established with psychiatric comorbidities, primarily mood and anxiety disorders. The side of epileptogenic may contribute to depressive and anxiety symptoms; thus, in this study, we performed a systematic review to evaluate the prevalence of depression in TLE in surgical patients. The literature search was performed using PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and PsycNet to gather data from inception until January 2019. The...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - March 31, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Developing Brain Glucose Transporters, Serotonin, Serotonin Transporter, and Oxytocin Receptor Expression in Response to Early-Life Hypocaloric and Hypercaloric Dietary, and Air Pollutant Exposures
Perturbed maternal diet and prenatal exposure to air pollution (AP) affect the fetal brain, predisposing to postnatal neurobehavioral disorders. Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are key in fueling neurotransmission; deficiency of the neuronal isoform GLUT3 culminates in autism spectrum disorders. Along with the different neurotransmitters, serotonin (5-HT) and oxytocin (OXT) are critical for the development of neural connectivity. Serotonin transporter (SERT) modulates synaptic 5-HT levels, while the OXT receptor (OXTR) mediates OXT action. We hypothesized that perturbed brain GLUT1/GLUT3 regulated 5-HT-SERT imbalance, which s...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - March 26, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Contents Vol. 42, 2020
Dev Neurosci 2020;42:I –IV (Source: Developmental Neuroscience)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - March 24, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Phosphorylation of S6 Protein as a Potential Biomarker in Surgically Treated Refractory Epilepsy
The tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), focal cortical dysplasia IIB (FCD IIB), and hemimegalencephaly (HME) exhibit similar molecular features that are dependent on the hyperactivation of the mTOR pathway. They are all associated with refractory epilepsy and the need for surgical resection with varying outcomes. The phosphorylated protein S6 (pS6) is a downstream target of mTOR, whose increased expression might indicate mTOR hyperactivation, but which is also present when there is no alteration in the pathway (such as in FCD type I). We have performed immunohistochemical marking and quantification of pS6 in resected brain s...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - March 11, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
FGF3 from the Hypothalamus Regulates the Guidance of Thalamocortical Axons
Thalamus is an important sensory relay station: afferent sensory information, except olfactory signals, is transmitted by thalamocortical axons (TCAs) to the cerebral cortex. The pathway choice of TCAs depends on diverse diffusible or substrate-bound guidance cues in the environment. Not only classical guidance cues (ephrins, slits, semaphorins, and netrins), morphogens, which exerts patterning effects during early embryonic development, can also help axons navigate to their targets at later development stages. Here, expression analyses reveal that morphogen Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-3 is expressed in the chick ventra...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - March 8, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Structural Brain Changes during the Neonatal Period in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Conclusions: Overall, in the rabbit model used, IUGR is related to functional and brain changes evidenced already at birth, including changes in the neuronal arborization and abnormal oligodendrocyte maturation.Dev Neurosci (Source: Developmental Neuroscience)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - March 5, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Integrated RNA Sequencing Reveals Epigenetic Impacts of Diesel Particulate Matter Exposure in Human Cerebral Organoids
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) manifests early in childhood. While genetic variants increase risk for ASD, a growing body of literature has established that in utero chemical exposures also contribute to ASD risk. These chemicals include air-based pollutants like diesel particulate matter (DPM). A combination of single-cell and direct transcriptomics of DPM-exposed human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebral organoids revealed toxicogenomic effects of DPM exposure during fetal brain development. Direct transcriptomics, sequencing RNA bases via Nanopore, revealed that cerebral organoids contain extensive RNA modifi...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - March 3, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Role of Ninjurin1 and Its Impact beyond the Nervous System
Ninjurin1 (Ninj1) is a double-transmembrane cell surface protein that could promote nerve regeneration in the process of the peripheral nervous system injury and repairment. Nonetheless, the accurate function of Ninj1 in the central nervous system and outside the nervous system is not completely clear. According to the recent studies, we found that Ninj1 is also aberrantly expressed in various pathophysiological processes in vivo, including inflammation, tumorigenesis, and vascular, bone, and muscle homeostasis. These findings suggest that Ninj1 may play an influential role during these pathophysiological processes. Our re...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - March 3, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Clinical Significance of miR-135b-5p and Its Role in the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Hippocampus Neurons in Children with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
This study aimed to detect the expression of miR-135b-5p and primarily uncover its underlying function and mechanism in children with TLE. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the expression of miR-135b-5p in children with TLE and in a rat model of epilepsy. MTT assay and flow cytometric apoptosis assay were conducted to evaluate the effects of miR-135b-5p on cell viability and apoptosis. Additionally, the dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the direct target of miR-135b-5p. Our data showed that the expression of miR-135b-5p was significantly decreased in children with T...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - February 17, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Eya1 Phosphatase Mediates Shh-Driven Symmetric Cell Division of Cerebellar Granule Cell Precursors
During neural development, stem and precursor cells can divide either symmetrically or asymmetrically. The transition between symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions is a major determinant of precursor cell expansion and neural differentiation, but the underlying mechanisms that regulate this transition are not well understood. Here, we identify the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway as a critical determinant regulating the mode of division of cerebellar granule cell precursors (GCPs). Using partial gain and loss of function mutations within the Shh pathway, we show that pathway activation determines spindle orientation of GCPs,...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - January 20, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Long-Term Effects of Prenatal Severe Hypoxia on Central and Peripheral Components of the Glucocorticoid System in Rats
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that in progeny a deficit of hippocampal GR resulting from maternal glucocorticoid response to hypoxia remains stable throughout life and is accompanied by severe disturbances of baseline glucocorticoid levels and its peripheral reception. Negative consequences of PSH can be prevented by injection with an inhibitor of corticosterone synthesis (metyrapone) to pregnant females undergoing hypoxia.Dev Neurosci (Source: Developmental Neuroscience)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - January 13, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Prenatal High-Fat Diet Rescues Communication Deficits in < b > < i > Fmr1 < /i > < /b > Mutant Mice in a Sex-Specific Manner
Using high-throughput analysis methods, the present study sought to determine the impact of prenatal high-fat dietary manipulations on isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalization production in both male and femaleFmr1mutants on postnatal day 9. Prior to breeding, male FVB/129Fmr1 wildtype and femaleFmr1 heterozygous breeding pairs were assigned to 1 of 3 diet conditions: standard lab chow, omega-3 fatty acid-enriched chow, and a diet controlling for the fat increase. Prenatal exposure to omega-3 fatty acids improved reductions in the number of calls produced byFmr1heterozygotes females. Moreover, diminished spectral purity i...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - January 4, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
