Reduced Reelin Expression Induces Memory Deficits through Dab-1/ NMDAR Signaling Pathway: < b > < i > Cronobacter sakazakii < /i > < /b > Infection in a Rat Model of Experimental Meningitis
The purpose of this study was to examine whether theCronobacter sakazakii infection-induced inflammation alters the Reelin signaling pathway that is involved in learning and memory. To test this, postnatal day (PND)-15 rat pups were either treated with Luria Bertani broth/Escherichia coli OP50/C. sakazakii through oral gavage or maintained as control and allowed to stay with their mothers until PND-24. Experimental groups ’ rats were subjected to long-term novel object recognition test during their adolescent age PND-30–32. Observed behavioral data showed thatC. sakazakii infection causes a deficit in recognition of no...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - July 7, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Reduced Reelin expression induces memory deficits through Dab-1/ NMDAR signaling pathway: Cronobacter sakazakii infection in a rat model of experimental meningitis
The purpose of this study was to examine whether the Cronobacter sakazakii infection induced inflammation alters the Reelin signaling pathway that involving in learning and memory. To test this, postnatal day (PND) -15 rat pups were either treated with Luria Bertani broth / Escherichia coli OP50 / C. sakazakii through oral gavage or maintained as control and allowed to stay with their mothers until PND-24. Experimental groups ’ rats were subjected to long-term novel object recognition (NOR) test during their adolescent age PND-30-32. Observed behavioural data showed that C. sakazakii infection causes a deficit in recogn...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - July 7, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Expression and development of TARP γ-4 in embryonic zebrafish
Fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS is mediated by the neurotransmitter glutamate, binding to and activating AMPA receptors (AMPARs). AMPARs are known to interact with auxiliary proteins that modulate their behavior. One such family of proteins is the transmembrane AMPA receptor-related proteins, known as TARPs. Little is known about the role of TARPs during development, or about their function in non-mammalian organisms. Here we report on the presence of TARP γ-4 in developing zebrafish. We find that zebrafish express 2 forms of TARP γ-4: γ-4a and γ-4b as early as 12 hours post fertilization (hpf). Sequen...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - June 21, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Differential Gene Expression in Cord Blood of Infants Diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy: a Pilot Analysis of the BEAM Cohort
The Beneficial Effects of Antenatal Magnesium (BEAM) clinical trial was conducted between 1997-2007, and demonstrated a significant reduction in cerebral palsy (CP) in preterm infants who were exposed to peripartum magnesium sulfate (MgSO4). However, the mechanism by which MgSO4 confers neuroprotection remains incompletely understood. Cord blood samples from this study were interrogated during an era when next generation sequencing was not widely accessible and few gene expression differences or biomarkers were identified between treatment groups. Our goal was to use bulk RNA deep sequencing to identify differentially expr...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - June 15, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Sex-Dependent Gliovascular Interface Abnormality in the Hippocampus following Postnatal Immune Activation in Mice
In this study, we hypothesized that vulnerability of the male brain to a neonatal insult was conditioned by sex-dependent differences in the impairment of the hippocampal gliovascular unit. Male and female C57BL/6J pups received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 mg/kg) or saline on postnatal day (P) 5. Brains were collected at P12 and morphological quantifications of hippocampal fibrillary glial acid protein (GFAP+) astrocytes and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 protein (Iba1+) microglia were performed by using 3-D image analysis together with measuring the length of CD31+ and aquaporin-4 (AQP4+) vessels. We found a s...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - June 15, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Sex dependent gliovascular interface abnormality in the hippocampus following postnatal immune activation in mice
In this study, we hypothesized that vulnerability of the male brain to a neonatal insult was conditioned by sex-dependent differences in the impairment of the hippocampal gliovascular unit. Male and female C57BL/6J pups received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 mg/kg) or saline on postnatal day (P) 5. Brains were collected at P12 and morphological quantifications of hippocampal fibrillary glial acid protein (GFAP+) astrocytes and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1+) microglia were performed by using 3-D image analysis together with measuring the length of CD31+ and aquaporin-4 (AQP4+) vessels. We found a significa...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - June 15, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Sex dependent glio-vascular interface abnormality in the hippocampus following postnatal immune activation in mice
In this study, we hypothesized that vulnerability of the male brain to a neonatal insult was conditioned by sex-dependent differences in the impairment of the hippocampal gliovascular unit. Male and female C57BL/6J pups received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 mg/kg) or saline on postnatal day (P) 5. Brains were collected at P12 and morphological quantifications of hippocampal fibrillary glial acid protein (GFAP+) astrocytes and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1+) microglia were performed by using 3-D image analysis together with measuring the length of CD31+ and aquaporin-4 (AQP4+) vessels. We found a significa...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - June 15, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neurologic consequences of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis
We describe the current epidemiology of NEC, reported long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes among survivors, and proposed pathogenesis of brain injury in NEC. Highlighted are the potential connections between hypoxia-ischemia, nutrition, infection, gut inflammation, and the developing brain in NEC (Source: Developmental Neuroscience)
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - June 13, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Epileptiform events and kainate receptor activity changes considerably during entorhinal cortex development, an ex vivo study
Epilepsy is a commonly diagnosed neurological disease, which often develops already in childhood. The prominent feature of this dysfunction is the strong, unprovoked hypersynchronous neuronal activity of the brain, especially in the cortex, which appears in recurrent seizures. Previous studies indicated potential modulatory role of kainate types of glutamate receptors in this mechanism.
In our experiments, we used combined hippocampal-entorhinal rat brain slices of different ages. Developing (2-, 3-, 4-week-old), adolescent (6-week-old), and adult (3-month-old) groups were investigated. During the experiments, first we pr...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - May 31, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Novel injury scoring tool for assessing brain injury following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in mice
The variability of severity in hypoxia ischemia (HI) induced brain injury among research subjects is a major challenge in developmental brain injury research. Our laboratory developed a novel injury scoring tool based on our gross pathological observations during hippocampal extraction. The hippocampi received scores of 0-6 with 0 being no injury and 6 being severe injury post-HI. The hippocampi exposed to sham surgery were grouped as having no injury. We have validated the injury scoring tool with T2-weighted MRI analysis of percent hippocampal/hemispheric tissue loss and cell survival/death markers after exposing the neo...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - May 25, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Testosterone Influence on Microtubule-Associated Proteins and Spine Density in Hippocampus: Implications on Learning and Memory
The thorny protrusions or spines increase the neuronal surface area, facilitate synaptic interconnections among neurons, and play an essential role in the hippocampus. Increasing evidence suggests that testosterone, the gonadal hormone, plays an important role in neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. The role of testosterone on microtubule-associated proteins on dendritic neurite stability in the hippocampus and its impact on learning disability is not elucidated. Adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly selected for the control, castrated, castrated + testosterone, and control + testosterone groups. Bilateral orchidect...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - May 24, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Testosterone Influence on Microtubule Associated Proteins and Spine Density in Hippocampus: Implications on Learning and Memory
The thorny protrusions or spines increase the neuronal surface area, facilitate synaptic interconnections among neurons, and play an essential role in the hippocampus. Increasing evidence suggests that testosterone, the gonadal hormone plays an important role in neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. The role of testosterone on microtubule-associated proteins on dendritic neurite stability in the hippocampus and its impact on learning disability not elucidated. Adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly selected for the control, castrated, castrated + testosterone, and control + testosterone groups. Bilateral orchidectomy ...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - May 24, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Defining longer term outcomes in an ovine model of moderate perinatal hypoxia-ischemia
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Approximately 1 million infants born with HIE each year survive with cerebral palsy (CP) and/or serious cognitive disabilities. While infants born with mild and severe HIE frequently result in predictable outcomes, infants born with moderate HIE exhibit variable outcomes that are highly unpredictable. Here, we describe an umbilical cord occlusion (UCO) model of moderate HIE with a 6-day follow-up. Near term lambs (n=27) are resuscitated after the induction of 5 minutes of asystole. Following recovery, lambs are assesse...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - May 19, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Perineuronal Nets Degradation and Parvalbumin Interneuron loss in a Mouse Model of DEPDC5-related Epilepsy
DEPDC5, the key gene within the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, is one of the most common causative genes in patients with epilepsy and malformation of cortical development (MCD). Although somatic mutations in the dorsal cortical progenitors generate the malformed cortex, its pathogenesis of hyperexcitability is complex and remains unclear. We specifically deleted Depdc5 in the mouse forebrain dorsal progenitors to model DEPDC5-related epilepsy, and investigated whether and how parvalbumin interneurons were non-cell autonomously affected in the malformed cortex. We showed that long before seizures, coincide...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - May 17, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Stem Cell Potential of O-2A Lineage Astroglia
In this study, we demonstrated that NSLCs grown in the serum-containing neurobasal medium can differentiate into induced neural-like cells (iNLCs). It was noteworthy that astroglia mixed in these cells, particularly in iNLCs, were gradually replaced by neural phenotypes during this glia-neuron conversion. Remarkably, these glial cells can maintain high levels of proliferation and self-renewal ability by activating the NF- κB and MAPK signals. Finally, we found that Notch, STAT3, autophagy, bHLH and Wnt signals appear to be critical modulators of these intricate events. Altogether, these data demonstrate that O-2A lineage ...
Source: Developmental Neuroscience - May 10, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
