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Effects of coronavirus disease 2019 on the digestive system and its nutritional implications
This article aims to review the current data on the effects of COVID-19 on the digestive system with particular emphasis on preexisting digestive diseases and its implications on nutrition practices. Recent findings Evidence has shown that Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, pancreas and hepatobiliary system resulting in different GI manifestations. Several preexisting digestive diseases have been investigated. These studies have revealed that these special patient population groups are generally not at an increased risk to contract COVID-19, but are suscept...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 6, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

Nutritional considerations in severe primary chronic small intestinal dysmotility
Purpose of review To provide an update on the recent evidence underpinning the approach to nutritional care in patients with severe primary chronic small bowel dysmotility. Recent findings Patients with severe chronic small intestinal dysmotility suffer nutritional and nonnutritional morbidity, both as a result of their underlying polysymptomatic, poorly understood condition and the interventions required. A proportion require artificial nutrition support; however, this is associated with impaired quality of life and associated complications. The approach to nutritional support must therefore engage a multidisci...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 6, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

Nutrition in acute pancreatitis
Purpose of review This review aims to discuss recent developments in different topics regarding nutrition and acute pancreatitis (AP), including oral refeeding, nutritional therapy, and implications of gut microbiota. Recent findings Obesity increases the risk for severe AP and mortality. Considering the worldwide obesity rates, this finding could have major implications in the global outcomes of patients admitted with AP. Recent research confirms that early oral feeding leads to shorter length of stay, fewer complications, and lower costs. In case of intolerance to oral feeding or severe disease, nutritional th...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 6, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

State of the art: the role of citrulline as biomarker in patients with chemotherapy- or graft-versus-host-disease-induced mucositis
In conclusion, citrulline seems to be a promising noninvasive biomarker for various intestinal conditions in general, and potentially for intestinal function in patients with chemotherapy- or GVHD-induced mucositis. It is unclear from recent literature whether high fecal volume or diarrhea as side effect, results in impaired intestinal function and severe malabsorption and if citrulline biomarkers can be useful to detect this. (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 6, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

Methods to assess advanced glycation end-products
Purpose of review Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) resulting from protein glycoxidation constitute biomarkers of interest in different pathological situations. Several methods for quantifying AGEs in biological fluids or tissues have been developed without any real consensus on a gold standard method. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent publications in the field helping to decide if these markers could find their place as diagnostic tools in clinical practice. Recent findings This update shows that new AGEs are regularly discovered and new analytical methods (especially mass spectrom...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 6, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC STATUS: Edited by Dwight E. Matthews and Kristina Norman Source Type: research

Assessing the (anti)-inflammatory potential of diets
Purpose of review It is accepted that several chronic diseases are associated with inflammation. Dietary habits and the consumption of certain nutrients have been shown to influence inflammation, reflected by inflammatory cytokines. In this narrative review, we discuss currently developed tools to assess the inflammatory potential of diets and compare them with established tools. Recent findings Four new indices were recently developed. The Inflammatory Score of the Diet is a modified version of the established Dietary Inflammatory Index. The novel Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Index works without previous diet...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 6, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC STATUS: Edited by Dwight E. Matthews and Kristina Norman Source Type: research

A discussion on the ‘dispensable’ amino acids
Purpose of review Recently, the concept of dietary dispensable amino acids has been increasingly challenged, as more indirect and direct (experimental) evidence has pointed to the need for them in the diet during specific life stages or disease states. Here, we discuss the classification of amino acids, methods to assess the needs for dispensable amino acids with experimental evidence from our recent studies, and highlight the role of specific dispensable amino acids in metabolism and health. Recent findings There exist differences among the dispensable amino acids to act as effective nitrogen sources in humans....
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 6, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC STATUS: Edited by Dwight E. Matthews and Kristina Norman Source Type: research

Editorial: Biomarkers in nutritional research
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 6, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC STATUS: Edited by Dwight E. Matthews and Kristina Norman Source Type: research

Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 6, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research

The possibility of use of the ketogenic diet and medium chain triglycerides supplementation in the support therapy of Alzheimer disease
Purpose of review Diet-induced ketosis has a fasting-like effect and brings the body to increase the production of ketone bodies (KB). Works over the last decades have provided evidence of the therapeutic potential of the ketogenic diet (KD). This review focus on mainly clinical research on the effectiveness of the KD and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) supplementation in ameliorating the severity of symptoms in Alzheimer disease (AD). Recent findings A limited number of clinical studies (short-time and with a small number of participants) evaluated the role of the KD and MCT supplementation in AD as a potentia...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - June 11, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: HOT TOPIC Source Type: research

Physiological responses to carbohydrate overfeeding
Purpose of review To consider emerging research into the physiological effects of excessive dietary carbohydrate intake, with a particular focus on interactions with physical activity. Recent findings A single episode of massive carbohydrate overload initiates physiological responses to stimulate additional peptide hormone secretion by the gut and the conversion of carbohydrate into lipid by the intestine, liver and adipose tissue. These acute responses maintain glycaemic control both via increased oxidation of carbohydrate (rather than lipid) and via nonoxidative disposal of surplus carbohydrate into endogenous...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - June 11, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: CARBOHYDRATES: Edited by Bettina Mittendorfer and Faidon Magkos Source Type: research

Ketogenic diet therapy in Alzheimer's disease: an updated review
Purpose of review Ketogenic diets (KD) are validated treatments of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Their interest in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been suggested, because ketone bodies may reduce neuroinflammation, improve neurotransmitters transport pathway, synaptic maintenance, and reduce brain β-amyloid deposition. In this updated review, we aimed at critically examining the evidence of the past 2 years regarding KD or ketogenic supplements (KS) on cognitive and biological/neuropathological outcomes. We conducted our search in preclinical studies (animal models of AD) or in humans wit...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - June 11, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: CARBOHYDRATES: Edited by Bettina Mittendorfer and Faidon Magkos Source Type: research

Carb-conscious: the role of carbohydrate intake in recovery from exercise
Purpose of review The present review summarized evidence on the role of carbohydrates in recovery from exercise within the context of acute and chronic effects on metabolism and performance. Recent findings Recent studies demonstrate that, in contrast to recovery of muscle glycogen stores, the recovery of liver glycogen stores can be accelerated by the co-ingestion of fructose with glucose-based carbohydrates. Three recent studies suggest this can extend time-to-exhaustion during endurance exercise tests. However, periodically restricting carbohydrate intakes during recovery from some training sessions to slow t...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - June 11, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: CARBOHYDRATES: Edited by Bettina Mittendorfer and Faidon Magkos Source Type: research

Ketogenic diets and appetite regulation
Purpose of review The popularity of ketogenic diets in the treatment of obesity has increased dramatically over the last years, namely due to their potential appetite suppressant effect. The purpose of this review was to examine the latest evidence regarding the impact of ketogenic diets on appetite. Recent findings The majority of the studies published over the last 2 years adds to previous evidence and shows that ketogenic diets suppress the increase in the secretion of the hunger hormone ghrelin and in feelings of hunger, otherwise see when weight loss is induced by non-ketogenic diets. Research done using ...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - June 11, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: CARBOHYDRATES: Edited by Bettina Mittendorfer and Faidon Magkos Source Type: research

Dietary carbohydrates and weight loss maintenance
Purpose of review Aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the effect of manipulating dietary carbohydrates (content, type) after a period of weight loss on weight loss maintenance and its potential underlying mechanisms. Recent findings Few recent studies directly tested whether lower carbohydrate/glycaemic load or higher fibre diets help to limit weight regain after weight loss and they did not provide evidence supporting a role of a reduction of the carbohydrate or an increase of the fibre content of the diet in the prevention of weight regain after weight loss. Some evidence is emerging that pe...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - June 11, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: CARBOHYDRATES: Edited by Bettina Mittendorfer and Faidon Magkos Source Type: research