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Novel insights in intestinal and hepatic fructose metabolism: from mice to men
Purpose of review The rise in fructose consumption in parallel with the current epidemic of obesity and related cardiometabolic disease requires a better understanding of the pathophysiological pathways that are involved. Recent findings Animal studies have shown that fructose has various effects on the intestines that subsequently affect intrahepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation. Fructose adversely affects the gut microbiome – as a producer of endotoxins and intermediates of de novo lipogenesis – and intestinal barrier function. Furthermore, intestinal fructose metabolism shields fructose away from t...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 11, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

High protein diet in digestive cancers
Purpose of review Recent advances in the nutritional management of patients with digestive cancers suggest that modulation of protein intake may significantly contribute to achieve nutritional and clinical benefits. By reviewing the available evidence, a quantitatively and qualitatively optimal protein intake could be derived. Recent findings High protein diets (i.e., 1–1.5 g/kg body weight/day) appear key to maintain the adequate nutritional status, and may also contribute to achieve clinical benefits. This target appears particularly relevant in patients with digestive cancers at risk or already malnourish...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 11, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

Low FODMAP diet in irritable bowel syndrome: a review of recent clinical trials and meta-analyses
Purpose of review The low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyol (FODMAP) diet is widely used in the dietary management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim of this review is to summarize recent evidence regarding the use of the low FODMAP diet in IBS and other gastrointestinal disorders from recent clinical trials and meta-analyses. Recent findings Several recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses support the use of low FODMAP restriction for global symptoms in IBS in the short term. Uncontrolled follow-up studies show that at least 50% of individuals experience symptom ...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 11, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

Bacterial overgrowth and lactose intolerance: how to best assess
Purpose of review To provide an up-to-date review on the clinical assessment of two important gastrointestinal problems with overlapping symptomatology but diverse cause and testing methods. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is characterized by the presence of excess bacteria in the small intestine associated with bloating, distention, gas, and diarrhea. Lactose intolerance is caused by lactase enzyme deficiency in the small bowel mucosa leading to lactose malabsorption and symptoms of bloating, gas, and diarrhea. Recent findings SIBO is assessed by hydrogen/methane breath test using glucose as a subs...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 11, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

Physiopathology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: from diet to nutrigenomics
Purpose of review Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and is strongly associated with metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome, to the extent that a new definition of metabolic associated fatty liver disease has been proposed. Recent findings Insulin resistance, worsened by a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet, is the key to the physiopathology of hepatic steatosis. This is driven by several mechanisms that are mostly activated at a genetic level, such as de-novo lipogenesis and triglyceride synthesis....
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 11, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

Nutrition in acute pancreatitis: when, what and how
Purpose of review This review intends to discuss recently available evidence in three topics related to nutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis, namely timing of refeeding, type of nutritional therapy and its route of administration. Recent findings Recent lines of research confirm that early oral feeding leads to shorter length of stay, fewer complications and lower costs in patients with acute pancreatitis. Moreover, early ( (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 11, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

Nutrition management and pancreatitis in children: new insights
Recent findings Early initiation of feeds is safe and possible in mild to moderate pediatric acute pancreatitis (AP) and is not associated with increased pain or increased serum lipase level. Enteral nutrition within 48 h of admission compared to no feeds within 48 h (NPO) is associated with a significant reduction in length of stay, reduced progression to severe acute pancreatitis, decreased ICU transfers, and increased weight gain at follow-up. Early standard fat meals did not worsen pain or serum lipase levels in children with mild to moderate AP. Purpose of review Nutrition is essential in the management...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 11, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

Editorial: Nutrition and the gastrointestinal tract
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 11, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

Lipidomics in nutrition research
Purpose of review This review focuses on the recent findings from lipidomics studies as related to nutrition and health research. Recent findings Several lipidomics studies have investigated malnutrition, including both under- and overnutrition. Focus has been both on the early-life nutrition as well as on the impact of overfeeding later in life. Multiple studies have investigated the impact of different macronutrients in lipidome on human health, demonstrating that overfeeding with saturated fat is metabolically more harmful than overfeeding with polyunsaturated fat or carbohydrate-rich food. Diet rich in satur...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 11, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC STATUS: Edited by Dwight E. Matthews and Kristina Norman Source Type: research

Predicting of excess body fat in children
Purpose of review Approximately 370 million children and adolescents worldwide showed overweight or obesity in 2016. The risk of developing severe comorbidities depends on the age of onset and the duration of obesity. This review discusses available methodologies to detect excess body fat in children as well as the early life factors that predict excess body fat and its development. Recent findings Factors, such as parental nutritional status, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, maternal malnutrition, maternal smoking during pregnancy, low and high birth weight, rapid weight gain, and short infant sleep durat...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 11, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC STATUS: Edited by Dwight E. Matthews and Kristina Norman Source Type: research

Methods recently used for the assessment of physical activity in children and adolescents
Purpose of review The aim of this review is to summarize recent evidences and advances on the implementation and the use of new tools to assessing physical activity (PA) in children. Recent findings Technological advances provide, increasingly, new objective methods for the evaluation of PA in children. In addition to accelerometry, there are other objective methods for assessing PA in children such as new wearable monitoring and activity bracelets, smartphone and recording software applications, Global Positioning System or Inertial Sensors Devices. Summary Doubly labeled water and calorimetry are refere...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 11, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC STATUS: Edited by Dwight E. Matthews and Kristina Norman Source Type: research

Assessment of human milk in the era of precision health
Purpose of review Precision health provides an unprecedented opportunity to improve the assessment of infant nutrition and health outcomes. Breastfeeding is positively associated with infant health outcomes, yet only 58.3% of children born in 2017 were still breastfeeding at 6 months. There is an urgent need to examine the application of precision health tools that support the development of public health interventions focused on improving breastfeeding outcomes. Recent findings In this review, we discussed the novel and highly sensitive techniques that can provide a vast amount of omics data and clinical info...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 11, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC STATUS: Edited by Dwight E. Matthews and Kristina Norman Source Type: research

Diagnostic scores and scales for appraising Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and omics perspectives for precision medicine
Purpose of review Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a rising epidemic burden affecting around 25% of the global population. Liver biopsy remains the reference for NAFLD. However, the application of several scales and clinical algorithms have been proposed to diagnose NAFLD using prediction questions and blood biomarkers. This review presents a summarized of the currently available and emerging diagnostic biomarkers and scores used to assess NAFLD. Recent findings The limitations of liver biopsy have fostered the development of alternative noninvasive strategies, which have been an area of intensive inv...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 11, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC STATUS: Edited by Dwight E. Matthews and Kristina Norman Source Type: research

Editorial: The need for multiple, orthogonal methods in nutrition research
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 11, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC STATUS: Edited by Dwight E. Matthews and Kristina Norman Source Type: research

Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 11, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research