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Editorial: Nutrient supplementation during lifespan: how to innovate?
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 12, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: FUNCTIONAL FOODS AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Edited by Nathalie M. Delzenne Source Type: research

Lessons learned from recent clinical trials of ketogenic diet therapies in adults
Purpose of review Although ketogenic diet therapies (KDTs) were first developed as a treatment for patients with epilepsy, their potential efficacy for a broader number of neurologic and nonneurologic disorders and conditions has been explored over the last 10–20 years. The most recent clinical trials of KDTs in adults have highlighted common methodological aspects that can either facilitate or thwart appropriate risk/benefit analyses, comparisons across studies, and reproducibility of findings in future studies. Recent findings Recent evidence suggests that KDTs not only improve seizure control, but also improve ot...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 12, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION: Edited by Labros S. Sidossis and Annemie M.W. Schols Source Type: research

Breastfeeding and postpartum weight loss
Purpose of review Postpartum weight retainment is common in women, increasing the long-term likelihood of overweight and/or obesity. On the other hand, breastfeeding entails a high energy cost that contributes to the total energy expenditure of the mother, increasing the chances of a negative energy equilibrium that could potentially lead to weight loss. This review explores this association as depicted in the latest literature available. Recent findings Several studies reported a positive association between breastfeeding and postpartum weight loss while others reported no significant association. Several potential m...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 12, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION: Edited by Labros S. Sidossis and Annemie M.W. Schols Source Type: research

Fatty acid-binding proteins: functional understanding and diagnostic implications
Purpose of review Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are a family of small, abundant proteins with highly tissue-specific expression patterns whose different functions remain incompletely understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings regarding FABP functions and mechanisms of action, including their potential utilization as serum markers of tissue-specific metabolic diseases. Recent findings FABPs are important not only in their tissues of origin but also appear to influence the metabolism and function of tissues distal to their sites of expression. This may be secondary to metabolic changes ...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 12, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION: Edited by Labros S. Sidossis and Annemie M.W. Schols Source Type: research

Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 12, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research

The Mediterranean diet and its association with selected gut bacteria
Purpose of review Mediterranean diet is often viewed in the context of impact on composition of gut microbiota and its consequences on prevention and treatment of various diseases. It is known how complex carbohydrates present in this type of dietary pattern are fermented by healthy gut microbiota, producing in turn short-chained fatty acids with purported benefits for human health, whereas other mechanisms and interactions play a role as well. Recent findings Recent research endeavors take a step further and demonstrate how exactly Mediterranean diet can affect the composition, activity, and diversity of intestinal m...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 2, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

Microbiota and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: promising prospects for clinical interventions?
Purpose of review Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most important cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries but no pharmacological therapy is currently available. Growing evidence suggests that the microbiota plays a role in the occurrence and evolution of this disease, namely through the production of bioactive metabolites. Recent findings Omics technologies (metagenomic, metabolomic, and phenomic data) allow providing a robust prediction of steatosis. More than just correlations, causative effects of certain bacterial metabolites have been evidenced in vitro and in rodent models. Bu...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 2, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

Chronic inflammatory liver diseases and coffee intake
Purpose of review To review the healthy protective effects of coffee against several metabolic diseases and some types of cancer. In this short review, the possible preventive and/or therapeutic actions of coffee on liver function is focused. Recent findings The protective mechanisms of coffee are various and because of several components with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in addition to caffeine. As a matter of the fact, polyphenols in decaffeinated coffee have a similar effect on liver fibrosis and on serum levels of liver enzymes as those in caffeinated coffee. Furthermore, diterpenes may exert a d...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 2, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

Intestinal failure-associated liver disease in adult patients
Purpose of review The aim of this review is to give up-to-date information on intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) and how its investigation and management has evolved. Despite advances in treatment for patients with intestinal failure, IFALD remains a significant cause of mortality. Recent findings Liver biopsy remains as the gold standard for the diagnosis of IFALD, but its invasive nature has prompted assessment of noninvasive techniques. Risk factors for IFALD are both nonnutritional (e.g. sepsis) and nutritional. Strict protocols for the prevention of central venous catheter infections in patients ...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 2, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

Irritable bowel syndrome: how can symptoms and quality of life be improved with diet?
This article aims to review the current scientific evidence of dietary approaches to control the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Recent findings In the last decade, there was an important evolution in the study of the low fermentable oligo, di, mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet (LFD). Current scientific evidence suggests a significant efficacy in the overall control of symptoms. LFD seems to be effective in improving quality of life. Recent studies suggest that LFD is effective and nutritionally well tolerated also in the long term, and longer adherence may contribute to greater effectiveness in imp...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 2, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

Citrulline production and protein homeostasis
Purpose of review Protein homeostasis is crucial for maintaining cell functions. Citrulline, an endogenous amino acid, is considered as an efficient source of arginine at systemic and cellular level. Accumulating evidence, obtained from citrulline supplementation studies, suggest anabolic properties especially in malnourished rodents and human. Although these studies might suggest a key role for citrulline in protein homeostasis, the supraphysiological concentrations of citrulline do not allow to conclude on a physiological role. This review aimed to assess the role of endogenous citrulline production on protein homeosta...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 2, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

Zinc deficits, mucositis, and mucosal macrophage perturbation: is there a relationship?
Purpose of review Mucositis is a common and therapy-limiting adverse effect of cancer treatments including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. The optimal zinc formulation, dosage, and timing of administration warrant further research as does the efficacious prevention of febrile mucositis that predisposes to febrile neutropenia. Recent findings Metaanalyses concluded that zinc sulfate failed to significantly reduce the incidence or severity of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis, whereas polaprezinc was associated with a significant reduction. Three new trials were published in 2018. The first trial found ...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 2, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

Editorial
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 2, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

Assessing autophagy in murine skeletal muscle: current findings to modulate and quantify the autophagic flux
Purpose of review In addition to the currently available lysosomotropic drugs and autophagy whole-body knockout mouse models, we provide alternative methods that enable the modulation and detection of autophagic flux in vivo, discussing advantages and disadvantages of each method. Recent findings With the autophagosome–lysosome fusion inhibitor colchicine in skeletal muscle and temporal downregulation of autophagy using a novel Autophagy related 5-short hairpin RNA (Atg5-shRNA) mouse model we mention two models that directly modulate autophagy flux in vivo. Furthermore, methods to quantify autophagy flux, such as mi...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 2, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC STATUS: Edited by Dwight E. Matthews and Kristina Norman Source Type: research

Should we consider subcellular compartmentalization of metabolites, and if so, how do we measure them?
Purpose of review To examine the consequences of metabolism compartmentalized at the subcellular level, provide prototypical examples of compartmentalized metabolism, and describe methods to examine compartmentalized metabolism. Recent findings Progress in metabolomics and isotope tracing has underscored the importance of subcellular compartments of metabolism. The discovery of biological effects of metabolites as bioenergetic intermediates, anabolic building blocks, signaling mediators, and effectors in posttranslation modifications of proteins and nucleic acids have highlighted the role of compartmentalization in de...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 2, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC STATUS: Edited by Dwight E. Matthews and Kristina Norman Source Type: research