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Nutritional priorities in patients with severe COVID-19
This article goes on to discuss nutritional support for COVID-19 sufferers as they transition through hospital wards and into the community. Summary Nutritional support of patients with severe COVID-19 is essential. Given the longer duration of their critical illness, combined with hypermetabolism and energy expenditure, patients with COVID-19 are at increased risk for malnutrition during and after their hospital stay. (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - July 1, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: HOT TOPIC Source Type: research

3D printed foods-carbs from the lab for better health
Purpose of review The purpose of the review is to describe carbohydrate based 3D food printing technology in light of how it is affected by the use of various ingredients of ink and the properties associated with carbohydrate inks used for printing. Special focus is diverted to evaluate its effect on texture and corresponding health implications associated with carbohydrate based printed foods. Recent findings The focus of 3D food printed products has revolved around texture modulation and carbohydrates are the best possible additives to achieve this modification. Carbohydrate based inks are used to design healt...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - July 1, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: CARBOHYDRATES: Edited by Bettina Mittendorfer and Faidon Magkos Source Type: research

Carbohydrate intake – current knowledge on weight management
Purpose of review Carbohydrates are the main contributor to daily energy intake and, thus, might play an essential role in the development and treatment of obesity. This nonsystematic literature overview summarized current knowledge about the association between carbohydrate intake (quantity and quality) and weight management. Recent findings There is scientific evidence for the association between the quality of carbohydrates and body weight or metabolic parameters (e.g. fasting glucose). Thus, dietary intake of high-quality carbohydrates should be preferred over food with a low carbohydrate quality. In contras...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - July 1, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: CARBOHYDRATES: Edited by Bettina Mittendorfer and Faidon Magkos Source Type: research

Gastrointestinal effects of diets low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols
Purpose of review Food ingestion is an exacerbator of gastrointestinal symptoms, regardless of origin. Sufferers mistakenly assume that they have suffered an allergic reaction to a given food. Although classical IgE-mediated allergic reactions are rarely culpable, evidence for a role for intolerance to certain carbohydrates in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and related conditions increases. This review assesses the status of a commonly implicated group of poorly absorbed carbohydrates (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols – FODMAPs) in gastrointestinal pathophysiology. Recent fi...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - July 1, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: CARBOHYDRATES: Edited by Bettina Mittendorfer and Faidon Magkos Source Type: research

Editorial: Type 2 diabetes therapeutics: weight loss and other strategies
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - July 1, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: CARBOHYDRATES: Edited by Bettina Mittendorfer and Faidon Magkos Source Type: research

Omega-3 fatty acids and metabolic partitioning of fatty acids within the liver in the context of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Purpose of review Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most prevalent form of liver disease globally, affecting about 25% of the world's adult population. It is more common in those living with obesity, where it may affect as many as 80% of individuals. The aim of this article is to describe recent human studies evaluating the influence of omega-3 fatty acids on de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and hepatic fatty acid partitioning between incorporation into triacylglycerols (TAGs) and β-oxidation, to discuss the relevance of these effects in the context of NAFLD, and to provide an overview of the mechanisms tha...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - July 1, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: GENES AND CELL METABOLISM: Edited by Anastasia Z. Kalea and Dorothy Klimis-Zacas Source Type: research

Intrahepatic triglyceride content: influence of metabolic and genetics drivers
Purpose of review Intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content is determined by substrate flux to, fatty acid synthesis and partitioning within, and triglyceride disposal from the liver. Dysregulation of these processes may cause IHTG accumulation, potentially leading to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The aetiology of IHTG accumulation has not been fully elucidated; however, environmental factors and heritability are important. Here, we review recent evidence regarding the contribution of metabolic and genetic components of IHTG accumulation. Recent findings Obesity and insulin resistance are the primary metaboli...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - July 1, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: GENES AND CELL METABOLISM: Edited by Anastasia Z. Kalea and Dorothy Klimis-Zacas Source Type: research

Genetic and epigenetic nutritional interactions influencing obesity risk and adiposity outcomes
This article aims to critically overview the current interplay of genetic/epigenetic factors and several nutritional aspects influencing obesity susceptibility and adiposity outcomes for obesity management and weight status monitoring. Recent findings Single nucleotide polymorphisms located in or near genes participating in energy homeostasis, fatty acid metabolism, appetite control, brain regulation, and thermogenesis have been associated with body composition measures (body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and visceral adipose tissue) depending on nutrient intakes, dietary pattern...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - July 1, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: GENES AND CELL METABOLISM: Edited by Anastasia Z. Kalea and Dorothy Klimis-Zacas Source Type: research

Editorial: Obesity, metabolic dysfunction and the liver: from exclusion to inclusion
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - July 1, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: GENES AND CELL METABOLISM: Edited by Anastasia Z. Kalea and Dorothy Klimis-Zacas Source Type: research

Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - July 1, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research

Safety of breast/chest-feeding by those infected by SARS-CoV-2
Purpose of review One important question from the outset of the pandemic has been whether a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected person's milk might be a vehicle for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. This review summarizes the most recent data on this topic. Recent findings A SARS-CoV-2 sIgA response in milk after infection is very common. To date, there has been no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 transmits via human milk. Though viral RNA has been identified in a minority of milk samples studied, infectious virus particles have not. Summary The highly dominant transmission route for SARS...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - February 4, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: HOT TOPIC Source Type: research

Enteral feeding, even when the gut does not feel very good?
Purpose of review To summarize knowledge on the gut function in relation to enteral nutrition. Recent findings The gut is certainly suffering during critical illness but our understanding of the exact mechanisms involved is limited. Physicians at bedside are lacking tools to identify how well or bad the gut is doing and whether the gut is responding adequately to critical illness. Sensing nutrition as a signal is important for the gut and microbiome. Enteral nutrition has beneficial effects for the gut perfusion and function. However, early full enteral nutrition in patients with shock was associated with an inc...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - February 4, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT: Edited by Michael P. Casaer and Adam M. Deane Source Type: research

Small bowel feeding: do you pay the price for bypassing the stomach?
This article aims to define the advantages and disadvantages of gastric and postpyloric feeding in the critical care setting, thus aiding decision-making for clinicians. Recent findings Within the article, the main themes covered are those relating to enteral feeding tube placement, the impact of enteral feeding route on ventilator-associated pneumonia, optimization of enteral tube feeding in critical care and the impact that a chosen route may have upon gastrointestinal function. Summary The value of enteral feeding in critical illness is proven beyond doubt and the simplest approach has long been ‘if the ...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - February 4, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT: Edited by Michael P. Casaer and Adam M. Deane Source Type: research

Nutrition, defecation, and the lower gastrointestinal tract during critical illness
Purpose of review The goal of this report is to delineate the correlation between constipation as a manifestation of impaired gastrointestinal transit with adverse clinical outcomes, to identify risk factors, which predispose to this condition, and outline a management scheme for prophylactic treatment. Recent findings Constipation is common in the ICU, affecting upwards of 60–85% of critically ill patients. As suggested by case series and observational studies, constipation may be an independent prognostic factor identifying patients with greater disease severity, higher likelihood of organ dysfunction, longe...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - February 4, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT: Edited by Michael P. Casaer and Adam M. Deane Source Type: research

Nutrition priorities in obese critically ill patients
Purpose of review During critical illness, several neuroendocrine, inflammatory, immune, adipokine, and gastrointestinal tract hormone pathways are activated; some of which are more intensified among obese compared with nonobese patients. Nutrition support may mitigate some of these effects. Nutrition priorities in obese critically ill patients include screening for nutritional risk, estimation of energy and protein requirement, and provision of macronutrients and micronutrients. Recent findings Estimation of energy requirement in obese critically ill patients is challenging because of variations in body composi...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - February 4, 2022 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT: Edited by Michael P. Casaer and Adam M. Deane Source Type: research