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Hypoxia as a signal for prison breakout in cancer
Purpose of review We discuss recent discoveries in hypoxic cellular pathophysiology and explore the interplay between hypoxic malignant cells and other stromal elements. This review will provide an update on the effects of hypoxia on cancer outcomes and therapeutic resistance. Recent findings Hypoxia has been discovered to be a key driver for tumor progression, both because of impacts on tumor cells and separately on the wider tumor microenvironment. The latter effects occur via epithelial mesenchymal transition, autophagy and metabolic switching. Through epithelial mesenchymal transition, hypoxia both drives metastas...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - June 5, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: GENES AND CELL METABOLISM: Edited by George Grimble and James Ryall Source Type: research

Editorial: Ketogenic diets and tumour hypoxia – kulturkampf and ‘the insurgency’
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - June 5, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: GENES AND CELL METABOLISM: Edited by George Grimble and James Ryall Source Type: research

Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - June 5, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research

High-dose parenteral amino acid intake in very low birthweight infants: what is the current evidence?
Purpose of review There is uncertainty regarding optimal dosing for parenteral amino acids in preterm infants and wide variability exists in clinical practice. There is new data from clinical trials trying to address these concerns. We review the recent evidence on parenteral high-dose amino acid intake in very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates with a focus on relevant clinical outcomes. Recent findings Preterm infants often receive less protein than intended in the first week of life. Parenteral amino acid administration in doses that exceed requirements, however, leads to increased oxidation and higher blood urea con...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - April 4, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: PAEDIATRICS: Edited by Berthold Koletzko and Raanan Shamir Source Type: research

Early influencing factors on the development of sensory and food preferences
Purpose of review The current review focuses on studies investigating the factors related to the development of preferences for foods and sensory inputs (tastes, odours, and food textures) in the first years of life, which constitutes a specific window for food learning. Recent findings Foetal nutrition, intrauterine growth, and prematurity influence food preferences; this topic warrants more research to broaden our understanding of the 1000 days phenomenon. Although it is less studied than other sensory inputs, food texture acceptance, and the related sensitive period for texture introduction are attracting more atte...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - April 4, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: PAEDIATRICS: Edited by Berthold Koletzko and Raanan Shamir Source Type: research

Interventions to prevent iron deficiency during the first 1000 days in low-income and middle-income countries: recent advances and challenges
Purpose of review Iron deficiency remains highly prevalent in women and young children in low-income and middle-income countries. To prevent the potentially life-long consequences of iron deficiency when occurring during early life, the WHO recommends iron supplementation of pregnant women and young children. However, increasing evidence of limited efficacy and risk of current iron intervention strategies are cause of concern. This review aims to highlight recent advances and challenges of established and novel intervention strategies for the prevention of iron deficiency during the first 1000 days in low-income and midd...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - April 4, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: PAEDIATRICS: Edited by Berthold Koletzko and Raanan Shamir Source Type: research

Multiomics-based strategies for taming intestinal inflammation in the neonate
Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to discuss evolving research into intestinal inflammatory responses as they relate to the developing microbiome and to provide insights into developing multiomic tools that are being used to describe these relationships. Intestinal inflammatory conditions are common, and in the neonate present special challenges, especially in the form of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and other conditions that involve damage or breakdown of the mucosal barrier, leading to systemic inflammation and damage to distal sites, such as the liver and brain. Recent findings Recent studies show ...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - April 4, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: PAEDIATRICS: Edited by Berthold Koletzko and Raanan Shamir Source Type: research

Dietary sugars, metabolic effects and child health
Purpose of review To describe current findings on sugar intake in children worldwide, including sugar sources and their impact on child health focusing on cardiometabolic alterations usually associated to obesity. Recent findings In children less than 4 years, intakes of added sugars across countries ranged from 9.8 to 11.2% of total energy; in children 4–10 years, it ranged from less than 3–18%; and in adolescents, it ranged from 13.6 to 16.6%. For most countries, intakes of added sugars were greater than the recommended upper limit of 10% of total energy for children and adolescents and less or around 10% in inf...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - April 4, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: PAEDIATRICS: Edited by Berthold Koletzko and Raanan Shamir Source Type: research

Editorial: New developments in paediatric clinical nutrition and metabolic care
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - April 4, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: PAEDIATRICS: Edited by Berthold Koletzko and Raanan Shamir Source Type: research

Novel molecular targets of muscle wasting in cancer patients
Purpose of review Cancer-associated muscle wasting affects many patients and leads to reduced patient function, decreased quality of life and poor responses to surgical and oncological treatments. Despite advancements in the understanding of its pathophysiology, no current treatment or accepted strategy for successful management exists. In this review, we provide an update on potential novel therapeutic targets in cancer cachexia. Recent findings Recent research has focused on molecular mechanisms underlying cancer-associated muscle wasting, allowing identification of potential therapeutic targets and the development ...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - April 4, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN WASTING DISEASES: Edited by Claude Pichard and Mariëlle P.K.J. Engelen Source Type: research

Nutritional interventions to prevent and treat frailty
Purpose of review Frailty is a multidimensional condition common in older adults, where reduced resiliency leads to adverse outcomes. It has strong links with malnutrition and sarcopenia, mostly through muscle health. This review explores the links between nutrition and frailty from different perspectives. Recent findings Studies linking malnutrition and frailty show that most malnourished persons are frail, and malnutrition risk is increased in frail people. Energy and protein intake and some micronutrients are linked to frailty. Research on the role of microbiota and specific amino acids is increasing. Recent litera...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - April 4, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN WASTING DISEASES: Edited by Claude Pichard and Mariëlle P.K.J. Engelen Source Type: research

Sarcopenic obesity in fatty liver
Purpose of review Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steato hepatitis have an increasing prevalence among liver diseases. Overweight and obesity are frequently associated conditions in patients with fatty liver. Skeletal muscle mass depletion may also coexist with chronic liver disease even in obese patients. This review will focus on the relationship between sarcopenic obesity and fatty liver. Recent findings Obesity and sarcopenia are frequently encountered in patients with NAFLD. Adipose tissue is able to release molecules (adipokines) that regulate lipid metabolism, interact with insulin sen...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - April 4, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN WASTING DISEASES: Edited by Claude Pichard and Mariëlle P.K.J. Engelen Source Type: research

Editorial: Crosstalk between organs and multimodal therapeutic approaches: new insights
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - April 4, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN WASTING DISEASES: Edited by Claude Pichard and Mariëlle P.K.J. Engelen Source Type: research

Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - April 4, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research

Vitamin K: a nutrient which plays a little-known role in glucose metabolism
Purpose of review Type 2 diabetes is one of the most important public health diseases. Type 2 diabetes pathophysiology involves multiple pathways, in which micronutrients could play a role. Among them, interest has grown concerning vitamin K. The purpose of this review is to expose the latest studies on the role of vitamin K in glucose metabolism, a poorly known function of this vitamin. Recent findings Animal experimentations and human observational and interventional studies were analyzed to evaluate the role of this vitamin in glucose metabolism. Daily intake of vitamin K seems to improve glucose metabolism and low...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - February 1, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: SPECIAL COMMENTARY Source Type: research