Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

New advances in stable tracer methods to assess whole-body protein and amino acid metabolism
Purpose of review Stable isotope methods have been used for many years to assess whole-body protein and amino acid kinetics in healthy conditions and in response to aging, exercise and (clinically stable) disease states. Recent findings In recent years, tracer research expanded to the anabolic response to feeding in critical illness and its use during acute metabolic stressors. Furthermore, new isotope approaches and tracer insights have been obtained. In the postabsorptive state, the novel tracer pulse approach has several advantages above the established continuous tracer approach because of the metabolic informatio...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 2, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC STATUS: Edited by Dwight E. Matthews and Kristina Norman Source Type: research

Are there dietary requirements for dispensable amino acids and if so, how do we assess requirements?
Purpose of review Nonessential amino acids (NEAAs) represent a relevant portion of dietary protein(s), yet their requirement(s) has not been determined. Despite their nature as dispensable substrates, should either shortage of any NEAA precursor or impaired synthetic reactions occur, NEAA dietary intake may become insufficient. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent hypotheses and data on individual NEAA requirements and metabolism. Recent findings A minimum total NEAA requirement can simply be estimated by subtraction of essential amino acid (EAA) total RDAs, from recommended ‘safe’ protein intake. By th...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 2, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC STATUS: Edited by Dwight E. Matthews and Kristina Norman Source Type: research

Current nutritional status assessment tools for metabolic care and clinical nutrition
Purpose of review The aim of this report is to critically review existing questionnaires and tools to assess nutritional status in different populations and pathological conditions. Recent findings A total of 16 instruments to evaluate nutritional status were recorded, which were based on anthropometrical determinations, biochemical markers, clinical examinations and subjective questionnaires, depending on the nutritional assessment focus, involving different concepts: screening of the risk, diagnosis and severity of malnutrition, as well as the consequences of undernutrition or overnutrition. Summary A variety of ...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 2, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC STATUS: Edited by Dwight E. Matthews and Kristina Norman Source Type: research

Editorial: From the macro to the micro: assessment of nutritional and metabolic status
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 2, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC STATUS: Edited by Dwight E. Matthews and Kristina Norman Source Type: research

Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 2, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research

A ketogenic diet for reducing obesity and maintaining capacity for physical activity: hype or hope?
Purpose of review This review will evaluate the recent scientific literature on the efficacy of the ketogenic diet for enhancing weight loss and maintaining capacity for physical activity. Recent findings With the increasing obesity epidemic, the 21st century has witnessed the emergence of various diet programs aimed at promoting weight loss and enhancing physical performance. The ketogenic diet, a diet high in fat and low in carbohydrates, has been at the forefront. Recent literature has documented significant weight-loss following ketogenic diet interventions. This has been associated with a decrease in systemic inf...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - June 5, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: HOT TOPIC Source Type: research

Editorial: Ketogenic diets: what is the benefit?
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - June 5, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: HOT TOPIC Source Type: research

Using trehalose to prevent and treat metabolic function: effectiveness and mechanisms
Purpose of review Trehalose is a disaccharide with manifold industrial, commercial and biomedical uses. In the decade following its initial definition as an autophagy-inducing agent, significant advances have been realized in regard to the applicable clinical and preclinical contexts in which trehalose can be deployed. Moreover, the mechanisms by which trehalose exerts its metabolic effects are only beginning to gain clarity. In this review, we will highlight the most recent advances regarding the effectiveness and mechanisms of trehalose actions in metabolic disease, and discuss barriers and opportunities for this class...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - June 5, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: CARBOHYDRATES: Edited by Luc Tappy and Bettina Mittendorfer Source Type: research

Postprandial hypoglycemia after gastric bypass surgery: from pathogenesis to diagnosis and treatment
Purpose of review The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) improves glucose control in majority of patients with type 2 diabetes. However, a minority group of individuals develop a life-threatening complication of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. The goal of this review is to identify underlying mechanisms by which RYGB cause hypoglycemia and describe pathogenesis-driven strategies to diagnose and treat this condition. Recent findings Gastric bypass leads to higher and earlier peak levels of glucose and lower nadir glucose after eating along with larger insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion, resetting...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - June 5, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: CARBOHYDRATES: Edited by Luc Tappy and Bettina Mittendorfer Source Type: research

Endogenous fructose production: what do we know and how relevant is it?
Purpose of review Excessive sugar and particularly fructose consumption has been proposed to be a key player in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and kidney disease in humans and animal models. However, besides its dietary source, fructose can be endogenously produced in the body from glucose via the activation of the polyol pathway. In this review, we aim to describe the most recent findings and current knowledge on the potential role of endogenous fructose production and metabolism in disease. Recent findings Over the recent years, the activation of the polyol pathway and endogenous fructose production has been...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - June 5, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: CARBOHYDRATES: Edited by Luc Tappy and Bettina Mittendorfer Source Type: research

Intestinal lipogenesis: how carbs turn on triglyceride production in the gut
Purpose of review To review recent evidence for the role of carbohydrates in the promotion of de novo lipogenesis and lipoprotein secretion from the intestine. Recent findings The consumption of diets rich in carbohydrates have been shown to promote elevations in circulating lipids. In particular, the consumption of monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose, have been shown to induce increases in intestinal de novo lipogenesis, as well as be used as a substrate for the synthesis of triglycerides and lipoprotein export in the form of chylomicrons. Recently, various systematic reviews have analyzed the relative cont...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - June 5, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: CARBOHYDRATES: Edited by Luc Tappy and Bettina Mittendorfer Source Type: research

Recent evidence for the effects of nonnutritive sweeteners on glycaemic control
Purpose of review By replacing sugar, nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) are thought to aid in weight management and decrease insulin resistance. We reviewed the latest randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the effects NNSs on glycaemic control. Recent findings Six RCTs addressed this topic between 2017 and 2018; the majority tested artificial NNS (sucralose or aspartame), with only one testing natural NNS (stevia and monk fruit extract). Most found no effect of NNS on blood glucose, insulin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels; however, two trials showed an effect of ...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - June 5, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: CARBOHYDRATES: Edited by Luc Tappy and Bettina Mittendorfer Source Type: research

Methodology for the assessment of added/free sugar intake in epidemiological studies
Purpose of review High-sugar intake has been linked to increased risk of diseases but an accurate assessment of added/free sugar intake has always been a challenge in research. This review summarizes the methodologies for assessing added/free sugar intake reported in recent literature. Recent findings Four different methods for added/free sugar-intake assessment are discussed, including the carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) method, Food Patterns Equivalent Database, disaggregation method and the 10-step systematic method. These methods have different strengths and limitations in terms of requirement for background knowledg...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - June 5, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: CARBOHYDRATES: Edited by Luc Tappy and Bettina Mittendorfer Source Type: research

Editorial: Sugar in its many colors: some sweeter than others
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - June 5, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: CARBOHYDRATES: Edited by Luc Tappy and Bettina Mittendorfer Source Type: research

Ketogenic dietary therapies for epilepsy and beyond
Purpose of review The ketogenic diet, a high-fat, low-carbohydrate therapy, has become an established treatment for pediatric epilepsy since 1921. There has recently been an increase in important studies on the ketogenic diet, and this review will highlight the most recent in order to provide a synthesis of where this field stands today. Recent findings Clinical studies continue to support the use of ketogenic diets in epilepsy, with more recent trials supporting its use in adults. Clinical recommendations published in 2018 based on a decade of practice and research, guide implementation and management of the ketogeni...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - June 5, 2019 Category: Nutrition Tags: GENES AND CELL METABOLISM: Edited by George Grimble and James Ryall Source Type: research