Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - December 13, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research

The predominant role of glucose as a building block and precursor of reducing equivalents
Purpose of review Stores of glucose (Glc) in our body are small compared with protein and lipid. Therefore, at times of famines or trauma/disease-related starvation, glucose utilization must be limited only to pathways that can only run with glucose carbon as substrate. We will try to outline how insulin resistance drives these pathways and inhibits glucose oxidation in the stressed organism. Recent findings Glc is a basic substrate for a variety of other biomolecules like nucleic acids, amino acids, proteoglycans, mucopolysaccharides and lipids. It is essential for the formation of reducing equivalents, indispe...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 9, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: HOT TOPICS Source Type: research

Malnutrition in patients with COVID-19: assessment and consequences
Purpose of review COVID-19 disease often presents with malnutrition and nutrition impact symptoms, such as reduced appetite, nausea and loss of taste. This review summarizes the most up-to-date research on nutritional assessment in relation to mortality and morbidity risk in patients with COVID-19. Recent findings Numerous studies have been published on malnutrition, muscle wasting, obesity, and nutrition impact symptoms associated with COVID-19, mostly observational and in hospitalized patients. These studies have shown a high prevalence of symptoms (loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dysphagia, fati...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 9, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: HOT TOPICS Source Type: research

Manipulation of the gut microbiome in gluten-intolerance
Purpose of review Gluten is a complex mixture of highly immunogenic glutamine- and proline-rich proteins found in some cereals. In celiac disease (CeD), gluten triggers an autoimmune response due to its interaction with the human leukocyte antigen heterodimers that confer the genetic risk. The involvement of gluten in other disorders has also been investigated, but its role beyond CeD is still unclear. Here, we review the most recent evidence of the involvement of gluten in diseases and the opportunities of manipulating the gut microbiota to treat or prevent gluten-related conditions. Recent findings Most of the...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 9, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION AND FUNCTIONAL FOODS: Edited by Nathalie M. Delzenne and Henry C. Lukaski Source Type: research

Skin pigmentation and vitamin D–folate interactions in vascular function: an update
Purpose of review Vitamin D and folate promote vascular endothelial health and may therefore help mitigate the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure stimulates cutaneous vitamin D synthesis but degrades the bioactive metabolite of folate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF). Skin melanin absorbs UVR, thereby modulating the impact of UVR exposure on vitamin D and 5-MTHF metabolism. This review presents recent findings regarding the inter-relations among UVR, skin pigmentation, folate and vitamin D, and endothelial function. Recent findings Evidence for roles of folic acid...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 9, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION AND FUNCTIONAL FOODS: Edited by Nathalie M. Delzenne and Henry C. Lukaski Source Type: research

A muscle-centric view of time-restricted feeding for older adults
Purpose of review The practice of time-restricted feeding (TRF) has received fervent interest in recent years as a strategy to mitigate obesity and metabolic disease. We sought to review the implications of TRF for skeletal muscle health and function in aging. Recent findings TRF has high adherence and can promote body weight loss in older populations. Body weight reductions favor fat mass in the young, however, there is also the potential for undesirable losses in lean mass. There is currently no evidence to support TRF for skeletal muscle function and metabolism in older persons, and only tentative findings in...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 9, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION: Edited by Annemie M.W. Schols and Labros S. Sidossis Source Type: research

Can specific nutrients, foods, or dietary patterns modulate cognitive function in (older) adults? Latest evidence from randomized controlled trials
Purpose of review Epidemiological findings and results of randomized clinical trials in the last two decades have identified diet as a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline, a predementia stage that is increasing worldwide as population ages. The literature on this critical association is expanding, making this review relevant and timely. Recent findings Data from 15 trials and several systematic reviews/meta-analyses indicate that, in healthy older adults, isolated nutrients or antioxidant-rich foods usually fail to improve cognition. However, studies targeting populations at risk of cognitive decline te...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 9, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION: Edited by Annemie M.W. Schols and Labros S. Sidossis Source Type: research

Nutritional supplementation to enhance the efficacy of exercise training in older adults: what is the evidence from the latest randomized controlled trials?
Purpose of review This review summarizes recent studies that assessed whether nutritional supplementation enhances the efficacy of exercise training in older adults, focusing on the benefits for physical/functional performance of protein, vitamin D, or multi-ingredient supplementation. Recent findings Studies applying long-term exercise training strongly support the benefits of different exercise regimens for muscle strength and function but most studies do not provide direct evidence for protein, vitamin D, or multi-ingredient supplementation to further augment such improvements in older adults. Several methodo...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 9, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION: Edited by Annemie M.W. Schols and Labros S. Sidossis Source Type: research

Healthy lifestyle interventions across diverse workplaces: a summary of the current evidence
Purpose of review Workplaces provide a unique opportunity to deliver health promotion interventions to their workers. This review summarizes evidence from the most recent studies (September 2019 to April 2021) of workplace healthy lifestyle interventions and identifies gaps in the literature and key aspects for successful future workplace lifestyle interventions. Recent findings Recent intervention studies have focused on four health domains: (1) multicomponent wellness programs, (2) healthy diet interventions, (3) physical activity interventions, and (4) mental health/sleep interventions. Within each group of s...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 9, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION: Edited by Annemie M.W. Schols and Labros S. Sidossis Source Type: research

Challenging traditional carbohydrate intake recommendations for optimizing performance at high altitude
Purpose of review To highlight emerging evidence challenging traditional recommendations to increase carbohydrate intake to optimize performance at high altitude. Recent findings Several studies have now clearly demonstrated that, compared with sea level, exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during aerobic exercise is blunted in lowlanders during initial exposure to high altitude. There is also no apparent ergogenic effect of ingesting carbohydrate during aerobic exercise on subsequent performance at high altitude, either initially after arriving or even after up to 22 days of acclimatization. The inability to oxi...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 9, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION: Edited by Annemie M.W. Schols and Labros S. Sidossis Source Type: research

Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care)
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - October 9, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research

What is the leaky gut? Clinical considerations in humans
Purpose of review To review the components of the intestinal barrier, the practical measurements of intestinal permeability, and the clinical conditions associated with altered intestinal barrier function, and to summarize the effects of dietary substances that fortify or weaken the intestinal barrier. Recent findings The intestinal barrier includes surface mucus, epithelial layer, and immune defense mechanisms. Transport across the epithelium may result from increased paracellular transport, apoptosis, or transcellular permeability. Assessment of the intestinal barrier requires measurements beyond the transport...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 6, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

Intestinal dysfunction in chronic disease
Purpose of review This review will discuss recent studies showing that patients with chronic wasting diseases suffer from a variety of small intestinal impairments which might negatively impact the colonic microbiota and overall well-being. New insights will be addressed as well as novel approaches to assess intestinal function. Recent findings Small intestinal dysfunction can enhance the amount and alter the composition of undigested food reaching the colon. As a result of reduced protein digestion and absorption, a large amount of undigested protein might reach the colon promoting the presence of pathogenic co...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 6, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

Preoperative nutrition care in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery programs: are we missing an opportunity?
Purpose of review A key component of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is the integration of nutrition care elements into the surgical pathway, recognizing that preoperative nutrition status affects outcomes of surgery and must be optimized for recovery. We reviewed the preoperative nutrition care recommendations included in ERAS Society guidelines for adults undergoing major surgery and their implementation. Recent findings All ERAS Society guidelines reviewed recommend preoperative patient education to describe the procedures and expectations of surgery; however, only one guideline specifies inclusion of ...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 6, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research

Growing use of home enteral nutrition: a great tool in nutrition practice toolbox
Purpose of review Home enteral nutrition (HEN) is a well-established practical nutrition therapy tool that is typically managed by an interdisciplinary team. Prevalence of HEN is increasing across the globe given significant evidence for utility, feasibility, efficacy, safety, and reliability of HEN in helping patients meeting their nutrition needs. The current review highlights the growing use of HEN in the context of what is novel in the field including trends in HEN practice with regards to tubes and connectors, feeding formula and real food blends, and common complications. The review also highlights that the use o...
Source: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care - August 6, 2021 Category: Nutrition Tags: NUTRITION AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: Edited by M. Isabel T.D. Correia and André Van Gossum Source Type: research