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Is There a Role for Perioperative Pelvic Radiotherapy in Surgically Resected Stage IV Rectal Cancer?: A Propensity Score–matched Analysis
This study aimed to determine whether perioperative pelvic radiotherapy (RT) improves outcomes in stage IV rectal cancer patients treated with primary surgical resection and systemic chemotherapy and to identify predictive factors for selection of patients for these approaches. Materials and Methods: We searched the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 with stage IV rectal cancer, but without brain or bone metastases. After applying the exclusion criteria, a total of 26,132 patients were included in the analysis; propensity score matching was used t...
Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology - July 1, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Original Articles: Gastrointestinal Source Type: research

A Phase II Study of the Combination of Oxaliplatin, Capecitabine, and Trastuzumab and Chemoradiotherapy in the Adjuvant Setting in Operated Patients With HER2-positive Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer (TOXAG Study): A Turkish Oncology Group Study
Conclusions: Trastuzumab in combination with capecitabine, oxaliplatin following chemoradiotherapy as the adjuvant therapy for gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma was considered as safe and tolerable. The frequency of HER2 overexpression in curatively resected patients is comparable to that in patients with metastatic disease (trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov the identifier: NCT01748773, December 13, 2012, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01748773). (Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology - July 1, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Original Articles: Gastrointestinal Source Type: research

Endometrial Cancer, BRCA1, and BRCA2 in the UK Biobank Cohort
Conclusion: Although we cannot rule out an increase in several rare types of EC, our analysis suggests that the overall incidence or risk of EC does not appear to be increased by the presence of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology - July 1, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Original Articles: Gynecologic Oncology Source Type: research

Interventions to Improve Adherence to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Systematic Review
Conclusion: Development of evidence to improve treatment adherence to TKIs for CML have relied on large data sets rather than prospective trials. Current studies lack patient focused interventions. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology - May 27, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Exercise Protocol With Limited Shoulder Range of Motion for 15 or 30 Days After Conservative Surgery for Breast Cancer With Oncoplastic Technique: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Conclusions: The free ROM exercise protocol 15 days post surgery was safe concerning cicatricial complications. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology - May 27, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Original Articles: Breast Source Type: research

Impact of Radiation on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Older Resectable Esophageal Cancer Patients With Medicare
Conclusions: This study demonstrates an increased risk of cardiovascular complications among operative esophageal cancer patients treated with preoperative chemoradiation, though these risks might be reduced with more cardioprotective radiation techniques such as intensity modulated radiotherapy. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology - May 27, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Original Articles: Thoracic Source Type: research

Selection of Mediastinal Lymphoma Patients for Proton Therapy Within the Proton Collaborative Group Registry: Concordance With the ILROG Guidelines
Conclusions: Mediastinal lymphoma patients treated with proton therapy are typically young with lower mediastinal involvement. Within a prospective, multi-institutional proton registry, nearly all treated patients fit the ILROG consensus recommendations regarding which mediastinal lymphoma patients may most benefit from proton therapy. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology - May 27, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Original Articles: Lymphoma Source Type: research

Patient Adherence in an Academic Medical Center’s Low-dose Computed Tomography Screening Program
Conclusions: Despite the implementation of a multidisciplinary, academic LDCT screening program, overall adherence rate to prescribed follow-up scans was suboptimal. Socioeconomic disparities and African American race may negatively affect adherence to lung cancer screening LDCT guidelines. Patients with concerning findings on initial LDCT had a higher association of adherence to guidelines. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology - May 27, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Original Articles: Screening Source Type: research

Clinical Uncertainty and Equipoise in the Management of Recurrent Glioblastoma
Conclusion: There is sufficient uncertainty and equipoise regarding the question of reoperation for patients with recurrent glioblastoma to support the need for a randomized controlled trial. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology - May 27, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Original Articles: Central Nervous System Source Type: research

A Pilot Study of Short-course Nivolumab and Low-dose Ipilimumab for Adjuvant Treatment of Melanoma: Brown University Oncology Research Group Trial, BrUOG 324
Conclusion: A 6-month course of nivolumab and low-dose ipilimumab may be a promising adjuvant treatment for patients with resected melanoma. Further studies of this regimen are indicated. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology - May 27, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Original Articles: Cutaneous Source Type: research

Impact of Use of Antibiotics on Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Tumor Microenvironment
Background: Antibiotic use can result in reduced efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), presumably because of dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome. We sought to determine the precise temporal relation between antibiotic therapy and its possible effects on ICB efficacy. We also investigated the histologic changes in the tumor microenvironment secondary to antibiotics use. Methods and Objectives: This was a single institution retrospective study that evaluated the impact of antibiotics on outcomes of patients with advanced or metastatic malignancy who were treated with ICB. Use of antibiotics among patien...
Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology - May 27, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Original Articles: Experimental Therapeutics Source Type: research

Phase I Study of Muscadine Grape Extract for Patients With Advanced Cancer
Conclusions: MGE is safe and well-tolerated in heavily pretreated and older cancer patients.  The potential anticancer properties and the effects of MGE on physical well-being and QOL metrics will be evaluated in future studies. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology - May 27, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Original Articles: Experimental Therapeutics Source Type: research

Predictive Roles of HER2 Gene Amplification and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio on Survival in HER2-Positive Advanced Gastric Cancer Treated With Trastuzumab-Based Chemotherapy
Conclusions: NLR was a significant predictor of long-term survival in AGC patients treated with first-line trastuzumab-based chemotherapy. Future validation of prospective trials with larger patient populations will be needed. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology - May 27, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Original Articles: Gastrointestinal Source Type: research

Pancreatic Cancer Clinical Treatment Trials Accrual: A Closer Look at Participation Rates
Conclusions: This study reveals that 71% of newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer patients who were eligible for a trial were enrolled in a treatment trial. We contend that in-depth analysis, rather than enrollment fraction, should be used to inform the gap between actual participation and optimal clinical trial participation for cancer patients. (Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology - May 27, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Original Articles: Gastrointestinal Source Type: research

The Immunosuppression of Etoposide Deserves Attention in Chemoimmunotherapy
No abstract available (Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: American Journal of Clinical Oncology - April 30, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research