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Characteristics and Management of Patients with Alopecia Areata and Selected Comorbid Conditions: Results from a Survey in Five European Countries
ConclusionThis analysis provided insights into the burden and management of AA in patients presenting with atopic, autoimmune, and psychiatric comorbid conditions in five European countries. (Source: Dermatology and Therapy)
Source: Dermatology and Therapy - March 21, 2024 Category: Dermatology Source Type: research

Disentangling the Therapist Effect: Clustering Therapists by Using Different Treatment Outcomes
AbstractPrevious studies have shown that therapists ’ performance varies, known as therapist effects, and have indicated that therapists who excel in one treatment outcome may not necessarily be effective in other outcomes. This observational naturalistic study aimed to enhance our understanding of therapist effects and the assessment of therapists ’ performance in different areas. The study included 68 therapists and 5,582 clients from a large mental health facility. Information about their learning activities was available for a subsample of 49 therapists. Separate multilevel analyses were conducted for treatment out...
Source: Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research - March 21, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Dissociating language and thought in large language models
Trends Cogn Sci. 2024 Mar 19:S1364-6613(24)00027-5. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.011. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLarge language models (LLMs) have come closest among all models to date to mastering human language, yet opinions about their linguistic and cognitive capabilities remain split. Here, we evaluate LLMs using a distinction between formal linguistic competence (knowledge of linguistic rules and patterns) and functional linguistic competence (understanding and using language in the world). We ground this distinction in human neuroscience, which has shown that formal and functional competence rely on different neur...
Source: Trends Cogn Sci - March 20, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kyle Mahowald Anna A Ivanova Idan A Blank Nancy Kanwisher Joshua B Tenenbaum Evelina Fedorenko Source Type: research

A cognitive-computational account of mood swings in adolescence
Trends Cogn Sci. 2024 Mar 18:S1364-6613(24)00033-0. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.006. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTeenagers have a reputation for being fickle, in both their choices and their moods. This variability may help adolescents as they begin to independently navigate novel environments. Recently, however, adolescent moodiness has also been linked to psychopathology. Here, we consider adolescents' mood swings from a novel computational perspective, grounded in reinforcement learning (RL). This model proposes that mood is determined by surprises about outcomes in the environment, and how much we learn from these su...
Source: Trends Cogn Sci - March 19, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kl ára Gregorová Eran Eldar Lorenz Deserno Andrea M F Reiter Source Type: research

Tests for consciousness in humans and beyond
Trends Cogn Sci. 2024 Mar 13:S1364-6613(24)00010-X. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.010. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWhich systems/organisms are conscious? New tests for consciousness ('C-tests') are urgently needed. There is persisting uncertainty about when consciousness arises in human development, when it is lost due to neurological disorders and brain injury, and how it is distributed in nonhuman species. This need is amplified by recent and rapid developments in artificial intelligence (AI), neural organoids, and xenobot technology. Although a number of C-tests have been proposed in recent years, most are of limited us...
Source: Trends Cogn Sci - March 14, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Tim Bayne Anil K Seth Marcello Massimini Joshua Shepherd Axel Cleeremans Stephen M Fleming Rafael Malach Jason B Mattingley David K Menon Adrian M Owen Megan A K Peters Adeel Razi Liad Mudrik Source Type: research

Quantifying tics: Best practices and design considerations for video-based tic coding in research
Behav Res Methods. 2024 Mar 12. doi: 10.3758/s13428-024-02383-7. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTic disorders (TD), including Tourette Syndrome, are characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements and/or vocalizations that can lead to persistent disability and impairment across the lifespan. Existing research demonstrates that video-based behavioral coding (VBBC) methods can be used to reliably quantify tics, enabling a more objective approach to tic measurement above and beyond standardly used TD questionnaires. VBBC is becoming more popular given the ease and ubiquity of obtaining patient videos. However, rigor and rep...
Source: Behavior Research Methods - March 13, 2024 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Megan DuBois Kerry Houlihan Brittany Raab Alison Pryor Mia Kellman Mayella Brinker Brianna Wellen Matthew Capriotti Christine Conelea Source Type: research

Time is ticking for TikTok tics: A retrospective follow ‐up study in the post‐COVID‐19 isolation era
ConclusionWhile many patients ’ FTLBs improved, it is critical to remain alert to patients’ overall function and to assess for other functional neurological disorders and mental health concerns. The tendency of FTLBs to improve in this population, independent of treatment, highlights the unique pathophysiology of FTLBs. Futu re research on contributing psychosocial factors and specific treatment protocols will allow optimal support for these patients. (Source: Brain and Behavior)
Source: Brain and Behavior - March 12, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Kinga K. Tomczak, Jennifer Worhach, Michael Rich, Olivia Swearingen Ludolph, Susan Eppling, Georgios Sideridis, Tamar C. Katz Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Anexelekto (AXL) no more: microRNA-155 (miR-155) controls the “Uncontrolled” in SARS-CoV-2
AbstractAXL is the gene that encodes the Anexelekto (AXL) receptor tyrosine kinase that demonstrates significant roles in various cellular processes, including cell growth, survival, and migration. Anexelekto is a Greek word meaning excessive and uncontrolled, semantically implying the crucial involvement of AXL in cancer and immune biology, and in promoting cancer metastasis. AXL overexpression appears to drive epithelial to mesenchymal transition, tumor angiogenesis, decreased antitumor immune response, and resistance to therapeutic agents. Recently, AXL has been reported to play important roles in several viral infectio...
Source: Human Cell - March 12, 2024 Category: Cytology Source Type: research