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Social uncertainty in the digital world
We present a computational framework for thinking about how increasingly popular online environments modulate the social uncertainty we experience, depending on the type of social inferences we make. This framework draws on Bayesian inference, which involves combining multiple informational sources to update our beliefs.PMID:38448356 | DOI:10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.005 (Source: Trends Cogn Sci)
Source: Trends Cogn Sci - March 6, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Amanda M Ferguson Georgia Turner Amy Orben Source Type: research

YouTube as an information source for bleeding gums: A quantitative and qualitative analysis
by Jiali Wu, Danlin Li, Minkui Lin Gum bleeding is a common dental problem, and numerous patients seek health-related information on this topic online. The YouTube website is a popular resource for people searching for medical information. To our knowledge, no recent study has evaluated content related to bleeding gums on YouTube™ . Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of YouTube videos related to bleeding gums. A search was performed on YouTube using the keyword "bleeding gums" from Google Trends. Of the first 200 results, 107 videos met the inclusion criteria. The descriptive ...
Source: PLoS One - March 6, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Jiali Wu Source Type: research

From task structures to world models: what do LLMs know?
Trends Cogn Sci. 2024 Mar 4:S1364-6613(24)00035-4. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.008. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn what sense does a large language model (LLM) have knowledge? We answer by granting LLMs 'instrumental knowledge': knowledge gained by using next-word generation as an instrument. We then ask how instrumental knowledge is related to the ordinary, 'worldly knowledge' exhibited by humans, and explore this question in terms of the degree to which instrumental knowledge can be said to incorporate the structured world models of cognitive science. We discuss ways LLMs could recover degrees of worldly knowledge and ...
Source: Trends Cogn Sci - March 5, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ilker Yildirim L A Paul Source Type: research

Coupled sleep rhythms for memory consolidation
Trends Cogn Sci. 2024 Mar 4:S1364-6613(24)00029-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.002. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHow do passing moments turn into lasting memories? Sheltered from external tasks and distractions, sleep constitutes an optimal state for the brain to reprocess and consolidate previous experiences. Recent work suggests that consolidation is governed by the intricate interaction of slow oscillations (SOs), spindles, and ripples - electrophysiological sleep rhythms that orchestrate neuronal processing and communication within and across memory circuits. This review describes how sequential SO-spindle-ripple coup...
Source: Trends Cogn Sci - March 5, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Bernhard P Staresina Source Type: research

Safety and health measures compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic for community-based tourism in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand: A cross-sectional descriptive study
by Apirak Bumyut, Sasithorn Thanapop, Ni Made Utami Dwipayanti Community-based tourism (CBT) in Thailand faces challenges in adapting to COVID-19 prevention measures. The purpose of the study was to evaluate levels of knowledge, practice, and compliance regarding safety and health measures of the entrepreneur in managing CBT under the Safety and Health Admini stration (SHA) standard in the new normal situation. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on twenty-one entrepreneurs from three CBTs in three districts in Nakhon Si Thammarat, in the months of February—May 2021. Levels of knowledge and practice were e...
Source: PLoS One - March 5, 2024 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Apirak Bumyut Source Type: research

Metaethics as Dead Politics? On Political Normativity and Justification
AbstractMany political realists endorse some notion of political normativity. They think that there are certain normative claims about politics that do not depend on moral premises. The most prominent moralist objections to political normativity have been metaethical: specifically, that political normativity is not genuinely normative; and that it is incapable of justifying normative claims. In this article, I criticize the latter metaethical objection. I argue that the objection presupposes a notion of ‘justification’ that renders it something that is no longer necessarily valuable to realists. I then extend this argu...
Source: Ethical Theory and Moral Practice - March 4, 2024 Category: Medical Ethics Source Type: research

Sedentary behavior and lifespan brain health
Trends Cogn Sci. 2024 Mar 1:S1364-6613(24)00030-5. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.003. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHigher levels of physical activity are known to benefit aspects of brain health across the lifespan. However, the role of sedentary behavior (SB) is less well understood. In this review we summarize and discuss evidence on the role of SB on brain health (including cognitive performance, structural or functional brain measures, and dementia risk) for different age groups, critically compare assessment approaches to capture SB, and offer insights into emerging opportunities to assess SB via digital technologies. ...
Source: Trends Cogn Sci - March 2, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Liye Zou Fabian Herold Boris Cheval Michael J Wheeler Dominika M Pindus Kirk I Erickson David A Raichlen Gene E Alexander Notger G M üller David W Dunstan Arthur F Kramer Charles H Hillman Mats Hallgren Ulf Ekelund Silvio Maltagliati Neville Owen Source Type: research