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Specialty: Toxicology

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Total 137 results found since Jan 2013.

Early pregnancy cerebral venous thrombosis and status epilepticus treated with levetiracetam and lacosamide throughout pregnancy
We describe a pregnant woman with a massive CVT in early pregnancy, complicated by status epilepticus. The mother was treated with levetiracetam, lacosamide and enoxaparin throughout pregnancy. A male infant was born on pregnancy week 36, weighing 2.2 kilogram. Both levetiracetam and and lacosamide were present in cord blood in levels similar to those in maternal blood. The infant was partially breast-fed and experienced poor feeding and sleepiness, starting to resolve after two first weeks. Milk samples were drawn five days after the delivery and a blood sample from the infant three days later. Lacosamide level in milk wa...
Source: Reproductive Toxicology - July 14, 2015 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research

Bisphenol A alters the cardiovascular response to hypoxia in Danio rerio embryos
Publication date: August–September 2015 Source:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, Volumes 174–175 Author(s): Alysha D. Cypher , Jessica R. Ickes , Brian Bagatto The purpose of this study was to determine if the cardiovascular response to hypoxia was altered by the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in Danio rerio embryos. It was expected that BPA exposure would affect cardiovascular parameters during hypoxia more than normoxia due to an interaction between BPA and the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway. We demonstrate that BPA exposure has a minimal effect during nor...
Source: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology and Pharmacology - July 1, 2015 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research

Exposure to concentrated ambient particulate matter induces reversible increase of heart weight in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Conclusion: Chronic exposure to CAP induces reversible cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy, which is likely to be subsequent to the elevation in BP and induction of systemic inflammation as evidenced by increased mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in diverse tissues.
Source: Particle and Fibre Toxicology - June 25, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Zhekang YingXiaoyun XieYuntao BaiMinjie ChenXiaoke WangXuan ZhangMasako MorishitaQinghua SunSanjay Rajagopalan Source Type: research

Risk of death from cardiovascular disease associated with low-level arsenic exposure among long-term smokers in a US population-based study.
Abstract High levels of arsenic exposure have been associated with increases in cardiovascular disease risk. However, studies of arsenic's effects at lower exposure levels are limited and few prospective studies exist in the United States using long-term arsenic exposure biomarkers. We conducted a prospective analysis of the association between toenail arsenic and cardiovascular disease mortality using longitudinal data collected on 3939 participants in the New Hampshire Skin Cancer Study. Using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for potential confounders, we estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence interva...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - June 2, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Farzan SF, Chen Y, Rees JR, Zens MS, Karagas MR Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Unlabeled amphetamine isomer in sports supplement “probably” caused hemorrhagic stroke
3.5 out of 5 stars Hemorrhagic Stroke Probably Caused by Exercise Combined With a Sports Supplement Containing β-Methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA): A Case Report. Cohen P et al. Ann Intern Med 2015 May 12 [Epub ahead of print] Reference Last month, the FDA sent letters to 5 companies that manufacture so-called “dietary” or “sports” supplements, warning them that their products were mislabeled because they contained an unlisted ingredient. That ingredient, β-methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA), is an isomer of amphetamine. Although the effects of BMPEA in humans have not been well studied, it has been ...
Source: The Poison Review - May 22, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Leon Tags: Medical amphetamine beta-methylphenylethylamine BMPEA dietary supplement hemorrhagic stroke sports supplement Source Type: news

Cardiovascular responses to lead are biphasic, while methylmercury, but not inorganic mercury, monotonically increases blood pressure in rats.
Abstract Cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attack and stroke, are the major cause of death worldwide. It is well known that a high number of environmental and physiological risk factors contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Although risk factors are additive, increased blood pressure (hypertension) is the greatest risk factor. Over the last two decades, a growing number of epidemiological studies associate environmental exposure to lead or mercury species with hypertension. However, cardiovascular effects beyond blood pressure are rarely studied and thresholds for effect not yet clear. To ...
Source: Toxicology - December 2, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Wildemann TM, Mirhosseini N, Siciliano SD, Weber LP Tags: Toxicology Source Type: research

Canola and hydrogenated soybean oils accelerate ectopic bone formation induced by implantation of bone morphogenetic protein in mice
In conclusion, Can and H2-Soy accelerated BMP-induced bone formation in mice to a greater extent than Soy. Further research is required to evaluate whether the difference in accelerated ectopic bone formation is associated with altered levels of VK2 and VK-dependent protein(s) among the three dietary groups.
Source: Toxicology Reports - November 7, 2014 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research

Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Cerebrum of Nonhuman Primates
The efficacy of stem cell transplantation for promoting recovery of patients with neurological diseases, such as stroke, has been reported in several studies. However, the safety of the intracerebral transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) remains unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety of hMSCs transplanted in cerebrum of Macaca fascicularis and to provide evidence for clinical application. A total of 24 M fascicularis were assigned to 3 groups randomly: low dose (3.0 x 105 cells/kg), high dose (2.5 x 106 cells/kg), and the control (normal saline [NS]). Human mesenchymal stem cells or NS w...
Source: International Journal of Toxicology - October 9, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Feng, M., Li, Y., Han, Q., Bao, X., Yang, M., Zhu, H., Li, Q., Wei, J., Ma, W., Gao, H., An, Y., Zhao, R. C., Qin, C., Wang, R. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

17-beta estradiol inhibits oxidative stress-induced accumulation of AIF into nucleolus and PARP1-dependent cell death via estrogen receptor alpha.
Abstract Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage results in over-activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), leading to parthanatos, a newly discovered cell elimination pathway. Inhibition of PARP1-dependent cell death has shown to improve the outcome of diseases, including stroke, heart ischemia, and neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study we aimed to detect whether estrogen plays a protective role in inhibiting parthanatos. We utilized human mammary adenocarcinoma cells (MCF7) that abundantly express the estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ). Parthanatos was induced by challenging the ce...
Source: Toxicology Letters - September 30, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Batnasan E, Wang R, Wen J, Ke Y, Li X, Bohio AA, Zeng X, Huo H, Han L, Boldogh I, Ba X Tags: Toxicol Lett Source Type: research

Saturday with SMACC: The Art and Science of Fluid Responsiveness
Haney Mallemat – The Art and Science of Fluid Responsiveness from Social Media and Critical Care on Vimeo. From SMACC Gold: In a great talk, Haney Mallemat from the University of Maryland discusses the limitations of static indices of fluid responsiveness such as blood pressure and respiratory-induced changes in inferior vena cava diameter. He argues persuasively that dynamic indices — such as change in stroke volume with passive leg raise — are more accurate and precise, although measurement is technically more difficult.  
Source: The Poison Review - September 7, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Leon Tags: Medical dynamic indices fluid responsiveness haney mallemat SMACC ultrasound Source Type: news

Magnolol protects neurons against ischemia injury via the downregulation of p38/MAPK, CHOP and nitrotyrosine.
Abstract Magnolol is isolated from the herb Magnolia officinalis, which has been demonstrated to exert pharmacological effects. Our aim was to investigate whether magnolol is able to act as an anti-inflammatory agent bring about neuroprotection using a global ischemic stroke model and to determine the mechanisms involved. Rats were treated with and without magnolol after ischemia reperfusion brain injury by occlusion of the two common carotid arteries. The inflammatory cytokine production in serum and the volume of infarction in the brain were measured. The proteins present in the brains obtained from the stroke a...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - July 16, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Chen JH, Kuo HC, Lee KF, Tsai TH Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Using Drug-Intoxicated Deaths as Potential Organ Donors: Impression of Attendees at the American College of Medical Toxicology 2014 Annual Scientific Meeting.
CONCLUSIONS: Medical toxicologists have some reservation in recommending solid organs for transplantation from deaths from cocaine and carbon monoxide. Given the decrease in potential organ donors from typical methods of death, further work is needed to promote organ donation in deaths related to acute poisoning. PMID: 25023224 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Medical Toxicology - July 15, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Wood DM, Chan WL, Dargan PI Tags: J Med Toxicol Source Type: research

Does cannabis cause acute coronary syndromes?
2 out of 5 stars Is recent cannabis use associated with acute coronary syndromes? An illustrative case series. Casier I et al. Acta Cardiol 2014 Apr;69:131-136. Abstract Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has a number of well-documented effects on the cardiovascular system: increased heart rate increased blood pressure decreased peripheral vascular resistance orthostatic hypotension THC may also be associated in rare cases with induction of ventricular arrhythmias. In addition, smoking marijuana may decreased oxygen delivery to the myocardium because of elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels. This paper presents 3 cases in which, t...
Source: The Poison Review - June 25, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Leon Tags: Medical cannabis cardiotoxicity coronary disease marijuana tetrahydrocannabinol THC Source Type: news

2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-pyranoside confers neuroprotection in cell and animal models of ischemic stroke through calpain1/PKA/CREB-mediated induction of neuronal glucose transporter 3.
In this study, we showed that SalA-4g promoted neuronal survival and inhibited neuronal apoptosis in primary hippocampal neurons exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and in rats subjected to ischemia by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), respectively, and that SalA-4g was more neuroprotective than salidroside. We further found that SalA-4g elevated glucose uptake in OGD-injured primary hippocampal neurons and increased the expression and recruitment of glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) in ischemic brain. Signaling analysis revealed that SalA-4g triggered the phosphorylation of CREB, and increased the...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - April 11, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Yu S, Chen Q, Li L, Liu M, Yang Y, Ding F Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Maybe Pradaxa (dabigatran) does need blood monitoring after all
2.5 out of 5 stars The Effect of Dabigatran Plasma Concentrations and Patient Characteristics on the Frequency of Ischemic Stroke and Major Bleeding in Atrial Fibrillation Patients. Reilly PA et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014 Feb 4;63:321-8. Abstract A must-read article in yesterday’s New York Times described the internal battle at Boehringer Ingelheim, the maker of Pradaxa (dabiagtran etexilate), concerning the publication of this study. A major marketing point posited in favor of dabigatran over warfarin for the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation was that it did not require monitoring with reg...
Source: The Poison Review - February 7, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Leon Tags: Medical bleeding blood testing boehringer ingelheim dabigatran pradaxa stroke Source Type: news