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Total 137 results found since Jan 2013.

Test of the Usefulness of a Paradigm to Identify Potential Cardiovascular Liabilities of Four Test Articles With Varying Pharmacological Properties in Anesthetized Guinea Pigs
This study aimed to establish the feasibility of an anesthetized guinea pig preparation to assess functional liabilities in the setting of simultaneous drug-induced electrocardiographic/hemodynamic changes, by evaluating the effects of various compounds with known cardiovascular properties on direct and indirect indices of left ventricular function. In short, twenty nine male guinea pigs were instrumented to measure electrocardiograms, systemic arterial pressure, and left ventricular pressure-volume relationships. After baseline measurement, all animals were given intravenous infusions of vehicle and two escalating concent...
Source: Toxicological Sciences - January 31, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Kijtawornrat, A., Ueyama, Y., del Rio, C., Sawangkoon, S., Buranakarl, C., Chaiyabutr, N., Hamlin, R. L. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

In vivo evidence of methamphetamine induced attenuation of brain tissue oxygenation as measured by EPR oximetry.
This study investigated striatal tissue pO2 changes in male C57BL/6 mice (16-20g) following METH administration using EPR oximetry, a highly sensitive modality to measure pO2in vivo, in situ and in real time. We demonstrate that 20min after a single injection of METH (8mg/kg i.v.), the striatal pO2 was reduced to 81% of the pretreatment level and exposure to METH for 3 consecutive days further attenuated striatal pO2 to 64%. More importantly, pO2 did not recover fully to control levels even 24hrs after administration of a single dose of METH.and continual exposure to METH exacerbates the condition. We also show a reduction...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - January 8, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Weaver J, Yang Y, Purvis R, Weatherwax T, Rosen GM, Liu KJ Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Clinical Experience of Life-Threatening Dabigatran-Related Bleeding at a Large, Tertiary Care, Academic Medical Center: a Case Series.
CONCLUSION: Reversal strategies for dabigatran-related bleeding events at our institution are highly variable. Intracranial hemorrhage in patients on dabigatran was associated with 43 % mortality. Patients with severe dabigatran-related bleeding may benefit from a standardized approach to treatment. PMID: 24385325 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Medical Toxicology - January 3, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Ross B, Miller MA, Ditch K, Tran M Tags: J Med Toxicol Source Type: research

Estimating the decline in excess risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease following quitting smoking - a systematic review based on the negative exponential model.
Abstract We quantified the decline in COPD risk following quitting using the negative exponential model, as previously carried out for other smoking-related diseases. We identified 14 blocks of RRs (from 11 studies) comparing current smokers, former smokers (by time quit) and never smokers, some studies providing sex-specific blocks. Corresponding pseudo-numbers of cases and controls/at risk formed the data for model-fitting. We estimated the half-life (H, time since quit when the excess risk becomes half that for a continuing smoker) for each block, except for one where no decline with quitting was evident, and H...
Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP - December 19, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Lee PN, Fry JS, Forey B Tags: Regul Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Emergency department visits in Colorado associated with smoking synthetic cannabinoids
3 out of 5 stars Severe Illness Associated with Reported Use of Synthetic Marijuana — Colorado, August-September 2013. MMWR 2013 Dec 13;62:1016-1017. Full Text In August and September of this year, it became apparent to the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) that there was a significant increase in the number of patients visiting emergency departments after smoking synthetic marijuana products. Therefore, the Department sent out a request to all EDs in the state to report patients seen on or after August 21 with altered mental status after using any form of synthetic marijuana. To study this pr...
Source: The Poison Review - December 13, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Leon Tags: Medical colorado crazy clown denver spice synthetic cannabinoid Source Type: news

Stroke in a young patient? Ask about synthetic cannabinoids
3 out of 5 stars Ischemic stroke after use of synthetic marijuana “spice”. Freeman MJ et al. Neurology 2013;81:1-4. Abstract This interesting paper, from the University of South Florida in Tampa, describes a brother and sister who at different times both developed ischemic strokes shortly after smoking a synthetic marijuana product. The 26-year-old brother presented with dysarthria, expressive aphasia, and right-sided weakness after smoking “Spice” a few hours previously. Head CT showed a clot in the proximal middle cerebral artery. His symptoms resolved after treatment with thrombolytics. The 19-y...
Source: The Poison Review - December 11, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Leon Tags: Medical cerebral ischemia jwh-018 spice stroke synthetic cannabinoid Source Type: news

Estimating the decline in excess risk of cerebrovascular disease following quitting smoking - A systematic review based on the negative exponential model.
Abstract We attempted to quantify the decline in stroke risk following quitting using the negative exponential model, with methodology previously employed for IHD. We identified 22 blocks of RRs (from 13 studies) comparing current smokers, former smokers (by time quit) and never smokers. Corresponding pseudo-numbers of cases and controls/at risk formed the data for model-fitting. We tried to estimate the half-life (H, time since quit when the excess risk becomes half that for a continuing smoker) for each block. The method failed to converge or produced very variable estimates of H in nine blocks with a current sm...
Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP - November 26, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Lee PN, Fry JS, Thornton AJ Tags: Regul Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Was Arafat poisoned by radioactive polonium?
Yasser Arafat The Maybe-Murder of Yasser Arafat: In a must-read post on Wired Science Blogs, Deborah Blum points out that despite the recent confirmation of traces of radioactive polonium-210 in the exhumed remains of Palestinian Liberation Organization chairman Yasser Arafat, it is far from certain that he died of radiation poisoning. In October 2004, a month before he died, Arafat developed vomiting and abdominal pain. The symptoms were so severe that he was transferred from his home on the West Bank to a hospital in France. The direct cause of Arafat’s death — which occurred on November 11 — was a hemorrha...
Source: The Poison Review - November 12, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Leon Tags: Medical acute radiation syndrome arafat cesium himalayan mountain salt hypokalemia pablo neruda poisoning polonium-210 radioactivity smacc 2013 weekly web review in toxicology Source Type: news

Chronic ethanol consumption decreases serum sulfatide levels by suppressing hepatic cerebroside sulfotransferase expression in mice.
Abstract Epidemiological studies demonstrate a possible relationship between chronic ethanol drinking and thrombotic diseases, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. However, the precise mechanism for this association remains unclear. Sulfatides are endogenous glycosphingolipids composed of ceramide, galactose, and sulfate, known to have anti-thrombotic properties. Low (0.5 g/kg/day), middle (1.5 g/kg/day), and high (3.0 g/kg/day) doses of ethanol were administered for 21 days intraperitoneally to female wild-type mice, and serum/liver sulfatide levels were measured. No significant changes in cholesterol an...
Source: Archives of Toxicology - September 25, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Kanbe H, Kamijo Y, Nakajima T, Tanaka N, Sugiyama E, Wang L, Fang ZZ, Hara A, Gonzalez FJ, Aoyama T Tags: Arch Toxicol Source Type: research

Mapping Acute Systemic Effects of Inhaled Particulate Matter and Ozone: Multiorgan Gene Expression and Glucocorticoid Activity
Recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between air pollution and adverse effects that extend beyond respiratory and cardiovascular disease, including low birth weight, appendicitis, stroke, and neurological/neurobehavioural outcomes (e.g., neurodegenerative disease, cognitive decline, depression, and suicide). To gain insight into mechanisms underlying such effects, we mapped gene profiles in the lungs, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, cerebral hemisphere, and pituitary of male Fischer-344 rats immediately and 24h after a 4-h exposure by inhalation to particulate matter (0, 5, and 50mg/m3 EHC-93 urban p...
Source: Toxicological Sciences - August 21, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Thomson, E. M., Vladisavljevic, D., Mohottalage, S., Kumarathasan, P., Vincent, R. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Toxic lipstick, carbon monoxide tragedy, laundry detergent pod death: Weekly Web Review in Toxicology
Meth Labs and the Pharmaceutical Industry: Jonah Engle’s article in Mother Jones — “Merchants of Meth: How Big Pharma Keeps the Cooks in Business” — is compelling reading. The piece details how some drug companies lobbying firms are fighting efforts to control sale of the  meth precursor pseudoephedrine: As law enforcement agencies scramble to clean up and dispose of toxic [meth] labs, prosecute cooks, and find foster homes for their children, they are waging two battles: one against destitute, strong-out addicts, the other against some of the world’s wealthiest and most politically connected ...
Source: The Poison Review - August 21, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Leon Tags: Medical big pharma carbon monoxide heavy metals laundry detergent pod methamphetamine toxic lipstick Source Type: news

Case report: hemodialysis for dabigatran overdose
3 out of 5 stars Hemodialysis for the Treatment of Pulmonary Hemorrhage from Dabigatran Overdose. Chen BC et al. Am J Kidney Dis 2013 Apr 15 [Epub ahead of print] Abstract Dabigatran (Pradaxa) is a competitive direct thrombin inhibitor approved in the United States for stroke prophylaxis in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Although dabigatran has certain advantages over coumadin related to issues of dosing and testing, there is no readily available test to measure its anticoagulation effect, and there is no antidote to reverse bleeding. Recommendations for treating a patient with dabigatran-associated hemorr...
Source: The Poison Review - April 24, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Leon Tags: Medical dabigatran hemodialysis hemorrhage overdose Source Type: news

Inflammatory findings on species extrapolations: humans are definitely no 70-kg mice.
Abstract Modern toxicology has embraced in vitro methods, and major hopes are based on the Omics technologies and systems biology approaches they bring along (Hartung and McBride in ALTEX 28(2):83-93, 2011; Hartung et al. in ALTEX 29(2):119-28, 2012). A culture of stringent validation has been developed for such approaches (Leist et al. in ALTEX 27(4):309-317, 2010; ALTEX 29(4):373-88, 2012a; Toxicol Res 1:8-22, 2012b), while the quality and usefulness of animal experiments have been little scrutinized. A new study (Seok et al. 2013) now shows the low predictivity of animal responses in the field of inflammation. ...
Source: Archives of Toxicology - April 1, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Leist M, Hartung T Tags: Arch Toxicol Source Type: research

Does smoking marijuana cause stroke?
1.5 out of 5 stars Cannabis-related Stroke: Myth or Reality? Wolff V et al. Stroke 2013 Feb;44(2):558-63. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.671347. Epub 2012 Dec 27. No abstract available There have been scattered reports in the literature claiming an association between the use of cannabis and ischemia and/or hemorrhagic stroke. Although no convincing mechanism has been postulated, some suggest that use of marijuana or hashish and the occurrence of stroke may stem from the ability of cannabis to cause orthostatic hypotension, or possibly vasoconstriction. If such an association is real, it must be exceedingly rare. The purpose...
Source: The Poison Review - January 27, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Leon Tags: Medical cannabis cerebral vascular accident hashish marijuana neurotoxicity stroke Source Type: news

Diesel Exhaust Inhalation Increases Cardiac Output, Bradyarrhythmias, and Parasympathetic Tone in Aged Heart Failure-Prone Rats
This study demonstrates that cardiac effects of DE inhalation are likely to occur through changes in autonomic balance associated with modulation of cardiac electrophysiology and mechanical function and may offer insights into the adverse health effects of traffic-related air pollutants.
Source: Toxicological Sciences - January 22, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Carll, A. P., Lust, R. M., Hazari, M. S., Perez, C. M., Krantz, Q. T., King, C. J., Winsett, D. W., Cascio, W. E., Costa, D. L., Farraj, A. K. Tags: Research Article Source Type: research