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Total 137 results found since Jan 2013.

Sinensetin attenuates oxygen –glucose deprivation/reperfusion‐induced neurotoxicity by MAPK pathway in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells
AbstractSinensetin is a polymethoxylated flavone with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. This work aimed to explore the function and mechanism of sinensetin in oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced neurotoxicity. The overlapping target genes of cerebral stroke and sinensetin were determined according to GeneCards and ParmMapper tools and were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) annotations and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) were stimulated with OGD/R. Neurotoxicity was investigated by Cell Cou...
Source: Journal of Applied Toxicology - October 19, 2021 Category: Toxicology Authors: Dong Yang, Ronggang Yang, Jiangyi Shen, Lu Huang, Shuai Men, Tiancai Wang Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

The effectiveness of botulinum toxin on spasticity and gait of hemiplegic patients after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
This study included: randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized or controlled clinical trials (CCTs) or cluster trials, clinical trials of various phases (I-III), interrupted time series (ITS) studies with at least three data points before and after the intervention, controlled before and after (CBA) studies, prospective and retrospective comparative cohort studies, case-control and multicentred studies. The patients included in these studies had similar characteristics: age over 18 years, history of stroke and following hemiplegia, minimum modified Ashworth scale (MAS) score of 2 and duration since stroke over 6 ...
Source: Toxicon - October 9, 2021 Category: Toxicology Authors: Dimitrios Varvarousis Christina Martzivanou Dimitris Dimopoulos Georgios Dimakopoulos George I Vasileiadis Avraam Ploumis Source Type: research

The effectiveness of botulinum toxin on spasticity and gait of hemiplegic patients after stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
This study included: randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized or controlled clinical trials (CCTs) or cluster trials, clinical trials of various phases (I-III), interrupted time series (ITS) studies with at least three data points before and after the intervention, controlled before and after (CBA) studies, prospective and retrospective comparative cohort studies, case-control and multicentred studies. The patients included in these studies had similar characteristics: age over 18 years, history of stroke and following hemiplegia, minimum modified Ashworth scale (MAS) score of 2 and duration since stroke over 6 ...
Source: Toxicon - October 9, 2021 Category: Toxicology Authors: Dimitrios N Varvarousis Christina Martzivanou Dimitris Dimopoulos Georgios Dimakopoulos George I Vasileiadis Avraam Ploumis Source Type: research

Do gait parameters improve after botulinum toxin injections in post stroke patients? A prospective study
In conclusion the use of botulinum toxin injections is beneficial in post stroke patients as this is depicted in gait parameters change which accompanies the spasticity reduction.PMID:34384786 | DOI:10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.08.001
Source: Toxicon - August 13, 2021 Category: Toxicology Authors: Dimitrios N Varvarousis Dimitris Dimopoulos George I Vasileiadis Ioannis Manolis Avraam Ploumis Source Type: research

U0126 pretreatment inhibits cisplatin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in HEI-OC1 cells and cochlear hair cells.
Abstract Deafness is the most common sensory disorder in the world. Ototoxic drugs are common inducing factors of sensorineural hearing loss, and cochlear hair cell (HC) damage is the main concern of the present studies. Cisplatin is a widely used, highly effective antitumor drug, but some patients have experienced irreversible hearing loss as a result of its application. This hearing loss is closely related to HC apoptosis and autophagy. U0126 is a specific inhibitor of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway and has neuroprotective effects. For example, the neuroprot...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - February 9, 2021 Category: Toxicology Authors: Wang D, Shi S, Ren T, Zhang Y, Guo P, Wang J, Wang W Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Differential coagulotoxicity of metalloprotease isoforms from Bothrops neuwiedi snake venom and consequent variations in antivenom efficacy.
This study broadens the current understanding about the adaptive role of the SVMPs, as well as highlights how the functional diversity of SVMP isoforms can influence clinical outcomes. Key Contribution: Our findings shed light upon the hemorrhagic and coagulotoxic effects of three SVMPs of the P-III class, as well as the coagulotoxic effects of SVMPs on human, avian and amphibian plasmas. Antivenom neutralised prothrombin-activating isoforms better than Factor X activating isoforms. PMID: 32841740 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Toxicology Letters - August 21, 2020 Category: Toxicology Authors: Sousa LF, Bernardoni JL, Zdenek CN, Dobson J, Coimbra F, Gillett A, Lopes-Ferreira M, Moura-da-Silva AM, Fry BG Tags: Toxicol Lett Source Type: research

Cardiopulmonary function and dysregulated cardiopulmonary reflexes following acute oleoresin capsicum exposure in rats.
Abstract Cardiopulmonary functions such as respiratory depression, severe irritation, inflamed respiratory tract, hyperventilation and, tachycardia are the most affected ones when it comes to the riot control agent oleoresin capsicum (OC) exposure. However, no studies have been done to elucidate the mechanism underlying deterioration of the combined cardiopulmonary functions. Parameters such as acute respiratory, cardiac, parameters and ultrasonography (USG) measurements were investigated in an in vivo setup using Wistar rats at 1 h and 24 h post inhalation exposure to 2%, 6% and 10% OC, whereas, cell migratio...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - August 13, 2020 Category: Toxicology Authors: Patowary P, Pathak MP, Kishor S, Roy PK, Das S, Chattopadhyay P, Zaman K Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Acute and chronic vascular effects of inhaled crotonaldehyde in mice: Role of TRPA1.
This study shows that CR inhalation exposure induces real-time and persistent vascular changes that promote hypotension-a known risk factor for stroke. Because of continued widespread exposures of humans to combustion-derived CR (environmental and tobacco products), CR may be an important cardiovascular disease risk factor. PMID: 32634517 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - July 3, 2020 Category: Toxicology Authors: Lynch J, Jin L, Richardson A, Jagatheesan G, Lorkiewicz P, Xie Z, Theis WS, Shirk G, Malovichko M, Bhatnagar A, Srivastava S, Conklin DJ Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Nonclinical cardiovascular safety evaluation of romosozumab, an inhibitor of sclerostin for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at high risk of fracture.
Abstract Romosozumab (EVENITY™ [romosozumab-aqqg in the US]) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits sclerostin and has been approved in several countries for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at high risk of fracture. Sclerostin is expressed in bone and aortic vascular smooth muscle (AVSM). Its function in AVSM is unclear but it has been proposed to inhibit vascular calcification, atheroprogression, and inflammation. An increased incidence of positively adjudicated serious cardiovascular adverse events driven by an increase in myocardial infarction and stroke was observed in romosoz...
Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP - June 22, 2020 Category: Toxicology Authors: Turk JR, Deaton AM, Yin J, Stolina M, Felx M, Boyd G, Bienvenu JG, Varela A, Guillot M, Holdsworth G, Wolfreys A, Dwyer D, Kumar SV, de Koning EM, Qu Y, Engwall M, Locher K, Ward LD, Glaus C, He YD, Boyce RW Tags: Regul Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Cigarette smoke and glutathione: Focus on in vitro cell models.
Abstract Cigarette smoke (CS) is one of the most important preventable risk factors for the development of respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and various types of cancer. Due to its high intracellular concentration and central role in maintaining the cellular redox state, glutathione (GSH) is one of the key players in several enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions necessary for protecting cells against CS-induced oxidative stress. A plethora of in vitro cell models have been used over the years to assess the effects of CS on intracellular GSH and its disulphide forms, i.e. glutathione disulphide...
Source: Toxicology in Vitro - March 1, 2020 Category: Toxicology Authors: Dalle-Donne I, Garavaglia ML, Colombo G, Astori E, Lionetti MC, La Porta CAM, Santucci A, Rossi R, Giustarini D, Milzani A Tags: Toxicol In Vitro Source Type: research

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