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Total 137 results found since Jan 2013.

Melatonin's efficacy in stroke patients; a matter of dose? A systematic review.
Abstract There is a lack of effective therapies for stroke patients; its treatment is even more difficult considering the unexpected onset of the disease. In the last decade, melatonin has emerged as a promising neuroprotective agent which is able to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and with a low toxicity profile. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize and critically review clinical and pre-clinical evidence related to melatonin's effectiveness as a stroke treatment. Together with a comparative dose extrapolation with those used in the selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and based on thes...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - February 25, 2020 Category: Toxicology Authors: Ramos E, Farré-Alins V, Egea J, López-Muñoz F, Reiter RJ, Romero A Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Arsenic exposure: A public health problem leading to several cancers
Publication date: Available online 23 November 2019Source: Regulatory Toxicology and PharmacologyAuthor(s): I. Palma-Lara, M. Martínez-Castillo, J.C. Quintana-Pérez, M.G. Arellano-Mendoza, F. Tamay-Cach, O.L. Valenzuela-Limón, E.A. García-Montalvo, A. Hernández-ZavalaAbstractArsenic, a metalloid and naturally occurring element, is one of the most abundant elements in the earth's crust. Water is contaminated by arsenic through natural sources (underground water, minerals and geothermal processes) and anthropogenic sources such as mining, industrial processes, and the production and use of pesticides. Humans are exposed...
Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology - November 23, 2019 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research

Arsenic exposure: A public health problem leading to several cancers.
Abstract Arsenic, a metalloid and naturally occurring element, is one of the most abundant elements in the earth's crust. Water is contaminated by arsenic through natural sources (underground water, minerals and geothermal processes) and anthropogenic sources such as mining, industrial processes, and the production and use of pesticides. Humans are exposed to arsenic mainly by drinking contaminated water, and secondarily through inhalation and skin contact. Arsenic exposure is associated with the development of vascular disease, including stroke, ischemic heart disease and peripheral vascular disease. Also, arseni...
Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP - November 21, 2019 Category: Toxicology Authors: Palma-Lara I, Martínez-Castillo M, Quintana-Pérez JC, Arellano-Mendoza MG, Tamay-Cach F, Valenzuela-Limón OL, García-Montalvo EA, Hernández-Zavala A Tags: Regul Toxicol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Kratom Adulterated with Phenylethylamine and Associated Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Linking Toxicologists and Public Health Officials to Identify Dangerous Adulterants.
CONCLUSION: Medical toxicologists should form working relationships with laboratories and public health officials to aid in early identification of adulterated products that carry risk to the general population. PMID: 31713176 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Medical Toxicology - November 10, 2019 Category: Toxicology Authors: Nacca N, Schult RF, Li L, Spink DC, Ginsberg G, Navarette K, Marraffa J Tags: J Med Toxicol Source Type: research

Involvement of ADAM10 in acrolein-induced astrocytic inflammation.
In conclusion, we demonstrate that acrolein induces astrocytic inflammation through NLRP3 inflammasome, which is regulated by ADAM10 and attributed to p38 MAPK-activated NF-κB p65 activity. PMID: 31639409 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Toxicology Letters - October 18, 2019 Category: Toxicology Authors: Park JH, Ji YC, Jo C, Koh YH Tags: Toxicol Lett Source Type: research

Realgar and cinnabar are essential components contributing to neuroprotection of Angong Niuhuang Wan with no hepatorenal toxicity in transient ischemic brain injury.
In this study, we compared the neuropharmacological effects of AGNHW and modified AGNHW in an experimental ischemic stroke rat model. Male SD rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) plus 22 h of reperfusion. Although oral administration of AGNHW for 7 days in the rats increased arsenic level in the blood and liver tissue, there were no significant changes in the arsenic level in kidney, mercury level in the blood, liver and kidney as well as hepatic and renal functions in MCAO rats. AGNHW revealed neuroprotective properties by reducing infarction volume, preserving blood-brain barrier in...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - June 13, 2019 Category: Toxicology Authors: Tsoi B, Wang S, Gao C, Luo Y, Li W, Yang D, Yang D, Shen J Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Health effects of particulate matter air pollution in underground railway systems – a critical review of the evidence
Exposure to ambient airborne particulate matter is a major risk factor for mortality and morbidity, associated with asthma, lung cancer, heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke, and more recently type...
Source: Particle and Fibre Toxicology - March 6, 2019 Category: Toxicology Authors: Matthew Loxham and Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen Tags: Review Source Type: research

The interaction of zinc and the blood-brain barrier under physiological and ischemic conditions.
Abstract Zinc is the second most abundant metal in human and serves as an essential trace element in the body. During the past decades, zinc has been found to play important roles in central nervous system, such as the development of neurons and synaptic activities. An imbalance of zinc is associated with brain diseases. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains the homeostasis of the microenvironment, regulating the balance of zinc in the brain. A compromised BBB is the main cause of severe complications in cerebral ischemic patients, such as hemorrhage transformation, inflammation and edema. Recent studies reporte...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - December 27, 2018 Category: Toxicology Authors: Qi Z, Liu KJ Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Methylenecyclopropyl glycine, not pesticide exposure as the primary etiological factor underlying Hypoglycemic Encephalopathy in Muzaffarpur, India.
Abstract Some districts of Bihar, especially Muzzaffarpur district, have been known to be affected by annual outbreak, called locally as Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) which became one of the major health concerns in Bihar, due to its high fatality and complications. Several hypotheses like bat virus, heat stroke, pesticide exposure and the presence of a compound - methylenecyclopropyl glycine (MCPG) in Litchi have been proposed by different investigators for AES. When the investigators examined the symptoms, signs and the epidemiological data, bat virus and heat stroke hypothesis were ruled out. Two major hypo...
Source: Toxicology Letters - October 30, 2018 Category: Toxicology Authors: Asthana S, Dixit S, Srivastava A, Kumar A, Singh SP, Tripathi A, Das M Tags: Toxicol Lett Source Type: research

Estimating the population health impact of introducing a reduced-risk tobacco product into Japan. The effect of differing assumptions, and some comparisons with the U.S.
Publication date: Available online 24 October 2018Source: Regulatory Toxicology and PharmacologyAuthor(s): Peter N. Lee, Smilja Djurdjevic, Rolf Weitkunat, Gizelle BakerAbstractWe estimated, using previously described methodology, the population health impact of introducing a reduced-risk tobacco product (RRP) into Japan. Various simulations were carried out to understand the impact on the population in different situations over a 20-year period from 1990. The overall reduction in tobacco-attributable deaths from lung cancer (LC), ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for me...
Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology - October 25, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research

To bee or not to bee: The potential efficacy and safety of bee venom acupuncture in humans.
Abstract Bee venom acupuncture is a form of acupuncture in which bee venom is applied to the tips of acupuncture needles, stingers are extracted from bees, or bees are held with an instrument exposing the stinger, and applied to acupoints on the skin. Bee venom is a complex substance consisting of multiple anti-inflammatory compounds such as melittin, adolapin, apamin. Other substances such as phospholipase A2 can be anti-inflammatory in low concentrations and pro-inflammatory in others. However, bee venom also contains proinflammatory substances, melittin, mast cell degranulation peptide 401, and histamine. Never...
Source: Toxicon - September 27, 2018 Category: Toxicology Authors: Cherniack EP, Govorushko S Tags: Toxicon Source Type: research

Modeling the impact of changes in tobacco use on individual disease risks
Publication date: August 2018Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Volume 97Author(s): S. Djurdjevic, Z. Sponsiello-Wang, P.N. Lee, J.S. Fry, R. Weitkunat, F. Lüdicke, G. BakerAbstractReduced Risk Products (RRPs) do not burn tobacco and produce lower levels of toxicants than in cigarette smoke. The long-term effects of using RRPs on health are difficult to assess in a pre-market setting and a modeling approach is required to quantify harm reduction. The Population Health Impact Model (Weitkunat et al., 2015) follows a hypothetical population of individuals over time, creating their tobacco use histories and, bas...
Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology - July 11, 2018 Category: Toxicology Source Type: research