• Filter By:
• Specialty
• Source
• Condition
• Cancer
• Infectious Disease
• Drug
• Training
• Management
• Procedure
• Therapy
• Vaccine
• Nutrition
• Country

Modafinil for the Improvement of Patient Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Conclusion. Modafinil is a central nervous system stimulant with well-established effectiveness in the treatment of narcolepsy and shift-work sleep disorder. There is conflicting evidence about the benefits of modafinil in the treatment of fatigue and EDS secondary to TBI. One randomized, controlled study states that modafinil does not significantly improve patient wakefulness, while another concludes that modafinil corrects EDS but not fatigue. An observational study provides evidence that modafinil increases alertness in fatigued patients with past medical history of brainstem diencephalic stroke or multiple sclerosis. ...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - April 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICNS Online Editor Tags: Current Issue Review excessive daytime sleep fatigue head injury modafinil stroke TBI traumatic brain injury Source Type: research

Adult onset methylphenidate induced dyskinesia after stroke
Methylphenidate is a stimulant medication that is commonly used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is also used as adjuvant therapy for improving disability after stroke. Recently, Moreau et al. reported that methylphenidate improved gait hypokinesia and freezing in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) . The most common side effects of methylphenidate are; insomnia, anorexia, weight loss, abdominal pain, headache, irritability, anxiety, tachycardia, hypertension, and motor tics. Dyskinesia as a side effect of methylphenidate is rare, and only a few cases have been reported . Most of th...
Source: Parkinsonism and Related Disorders - April 14, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Jeong Yeon Kim, Jong Sam Baik Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Stimulants May Pose Short-Term Cardiovascular Risks in Older Adults
Older adults prescribed stimulant medications appear to be at an elevated risk of cardiovascular problems in the first 30 days after beginning the treatment, according to astudy published today inJAMA Network Open. However, these risks decrease over time, with no evidence of increased cardiovascular risk at six months and one year after initiating treatment.“Although stimulants are most commonly used among children and youth for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), an increase in stimulant use among older adults in recent years has been observed,” wrote Mina Tadrous, PharmD., Ph.D., of the ...
Source: Psychiatr News - October 25, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: cardiovascular problems heart attack JAMA Network Open off-label use older adults stimulants stroke transient ischemic attack ventricular arrhythmia Source Type: research

Association of ADHD medications with the risk of cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis
AbstractThis meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications and risk of sudden death/arrhythmia, stroke, myocardial infarction as well as all-cause death. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from 1950 to May 2018. All observational studies that the exposure of interest was ADHD medications, the outcome of interest was sudden death/arrhythmia, stroke, myocardial infarction as well as all-cause death, and the study reported relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were included. Pooled R...
Source: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - August 24, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Probable Nootropic-induced Psychiatric Adverse Effects: A Series of Four Cases
Conclusion Healthcare providers in general, and specifically those in the mental health and substance abuse fields, should keep in mind that nootropic use is an under recognized and evolving problem. Nootropic use should be considered in cases where there are sudden or unexplained exacerbations of psychiatric symptoms in patients who have been stable and medication adherent. It is also important to remember that most nootropics are not detected on standard drug toxicology screening tests. We have very little clinical information on how nootropics may interact with psychotropics (or other medications) and potentially cause ...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - December 1, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Case Series and Literature Review Current Issue Mental Disorders Psychiatry Psychopharmacology Substance Use Disorders Ampakines Armodafinil brain enhancer Cerebrolysin Citicoline cognitive enhancer homeopathic medicine natural r Source Type: research

Ritalin Could Trigger Heart Problems In Children
Ritalin and similar forms of ADHD medication may trigger abnormal heart rhythms and increase heart attack risk in some children soon after they start taking the drug, according to a new study.  This connection was especially true for children who were born with heart disease. According to the study, published in the British medical journal BMJ, kids had an increased risk of heart attack between eight and 56 days after starting methylphenidate, a stimulant most commonly sold as Ritalin, although this heightened risk didn’t reach statistical significance. The researchers could find no evidence of a heightened...
Source: Science - The Huffington Post - June 8, 2016 Category: Science Source Type: news

Methylphenidate May Increase Risk for Arrhythmias, Myocardial Infarction In Some Youth
Findings from a study published in BMJ Open Access shows that some children and adolescents who are receiving methylphenidate for treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be at increased risk for certain adverse cardiovascular events. "Drugs to treat ADHD have been shown to be efficacious in reducing symptoms of impulsivity and hyperactivity in children,” the study authors wrote, "but concerns have been expressed about possible adverse cardiovascular events with the first-line treatment, methylphenidate."To determine whether an association exists between methylphenidate and adverse cardiovascular ...
Source: Psychiatr News - June 3, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Tags: ADHD cardiovascular risk methylphenidate youth Source Type: research

Cardiovascular risks and management during Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder treatment with methylphenidate.
Abstract Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common of the pediatric neuropsychiatric disorders. Methylphenidate is an important element of therapeutic strategies for ADHD. Clinicians are interested in the safety of methylphenidate. Because this drug raises heart rate and blood pressure, concerns have been raised about its cardiovascular safety. Concerns were based on case reports of sudden cardiac death in methylphenidate users, plausible pharmacological pathways involving well-established stimulant effects on heart rate and blood pressure. Until recently, data were limited to a num...
Source: Archives de Pediatrie - December 2, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Bange F, Le Heuzey MF, Acquaviva E, Delorme R, Mouren MC Tags: Arch Pediatr Source Type: research

Aberrant CaMKII activity in the medial prefrontal cortex is associated with cognitive dysfunction in ADHD model rats.
Abstract Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous neurobehavioral disorder accompanied by cognitive and learning deficits, which is prevalent among boys. Juvenile male stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) exhibit ADHD-like behaviors including cognitive deficits and represent one animal model of ADHD. Here, we define a mechanism underlying cognitive dysfunction observed in SHRSP. Acute methylphenidate (MPH: 1mg/kg, p.o.) administration to SHRSP significantly improved not only inattention in a Y-maze task but also cognitive dysfunction in a novel object recognition test. Int...
Source: Brain Research - February 19, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Yabuki Y, Shioda N, Maeda T, Hiraide S, Togashi H, Fukunaga K Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

The use of stimulant medications for non-core aspects of ADHD and in other disorders.
Abstract Psychostimulants play a central role in the management of ADHD. Here we review the evidence pertaining to the use of methylphenidate, dexamphetamine and related amphetamine salts, the prodrug lisdexamfetamine and modafinil for the management of comorbid ADHD and non-ADHD indications. There is a growing consensus that stimulant medications are helpful at improving the emotional dysregulation and lability, and oppositional and conduct symptoms that are often associated with ADHD. There is some evidence that psychostimulants may improve outcomes in those with treatment resistant depression, reduce negative s...
Source: Neuropharmacology - June 18, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Sinita E, Coghill D Tags: Neuropharmacology Source Type: research

Myocardial injury in a 41-year-old male treated with methylphenidate: a case report
Conclusions: When interpreting troponin results it is important to take into account the context of the patient's clinical presentation, including the possibility of adverse drug reactions. The adverse drug reaction could include a combination of vasospasm and/or increased oxygen demand due to tachycardia. This case should be borne in mind before a diagnosis of myocardial infarction is given, or a decision to perform invasive coronary angiography is made in patients that use methylphenidate or related substances. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging could be of diagnostic value in such cases.
Source: BioMed Central - July 29, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Lisa Drange HoleJan Schjøtt Source Type: research

Assessment of potential cardiovascular risks of methylphenidate in comparison with sibutramine: do we need a SCOUT (trial)?
Authors: Antel J, Albayrak O, Heusch G, Banaschewski T, Hebebrand J Abstract With the recent approval of methylphenidate (MPH) for treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults, the number of patients exposed will increase tremendously. The ongoing debate on the cardiovascular safety of MPH has triggered two large retrospective cohort studies in children and adolescents as well as in young to middle-aged adults. These studies looked into serious cardiovascular events (sudden cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction and stroke) as primary endpoints and concluded that MPH was safe after a mean ...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - August 26, 2014 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci Source Type: research

The spontaneously hypertensive rat/Izm (SHR/Izm) shows attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder-like behaviors but without impulsive behavior: Therapeutic implications of low-dose methylphenidate.
In this study, ADHD-like behaviors in SHR/Izm were evaluated compared to Wistar rats. SHR/Izm showed high locomotor activity in the habituation phase in a novel environment, although locomotor activity in the initial exploratory phase was low. In a behavioral test for attention, spontaneous alternation behavior in the Y-maze test was impaired in SHR/Izm. However, impulsive behavior in the elevated-plus maze test, which is designed to detect anxiety-related behavior but also reflects impulsivity for novelty seeking, was comparable to Wistar rats. Hyperactivity and inattention, detected as ADHD-like behaviors in SHR/Izm, wer...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - August 20, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Kishikawa Y, Kawahara Y, Yamada M, Kaneko F, Kawahara H, Nishi A Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Intravenous methylphenidate: an unusual way to provoke ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Acute ST-T elevation is a sign of myocardial ischemia or infarction usually due to coronary artery atherosclerosis or coronary spasm. Coronary spasm may be spontaneous or can occur as a result of a drug that causes arterial spam. Ritalin, Novartis Pharmaceut. Corporation, USA (methylphenidate hydrochloride), a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, is an oral drug used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. Sudden deaths, stroke, and myocardial infarction have been reported in adults taking stimulant drugs at usual dose for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [1].
Source: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine - August 7, 2014 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Emile Hay, Vitaly Shklovski, Yossef Blaer, Vladimir Shlakhover, Amos Katz Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Pages: 1  2