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Total 184 results found since Jan 2013.

Modafinil for the Improvement of Patient Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Conclusion. Modafinil is a central nervous system stimulant with well-established effectiveness in the treatment of narcolepsy and shift-work sleep disorder. There is conflicting evidence about the benefits of modafinil in the treatment of fatigue and EDS secondary to TBI. One randomized, controlled study states that modafinil does not significantly improve patient wakefulness, while another concludes that modafinil corrects EDS but not fatigue. An observational study provides evidence that modafinil increases alertness in fatigued patients with past medical history of brainstem diencephalic stroke or multiple sclerosis. ...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - April 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICNS Online Editor Tags: Current Issue Review excessive daytime sleep fatigue head injury modafinil stroke TBI traumatic brain injury Source Type: research

Secondary attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder following perinatal and childhood stroke: impact on cognitive and academic outcomes.
Abstract This cross-sectional retrospective clinical research study examines a large group of children followed within a pediatric stroke program and a developmental attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) clinic at the Hospital for Sick Children, between May 2004 and June 2016. All children with a history of stroke who participated in a neuropsychological assessment between the ages of 4 and 18 years were considered for inclusion. From a sample of 275 participants with a history of stroke, 36 children (13.1%) received a diagnosis of secondary ADHD. Children with secondary ADHD were younger at the time of...
Source: Child Neuropsychology - May 30, 2017 Category: Child Development Authors: Williams TS, Roberts SD, Coppens AM, Crosbie J, Dlamini N, Westmacott R Tags: Child Neuropsychol Source Type: research

Academic outcome in pediatric ischemic stroke.
Abstract An important cause of acquired brain injury in children, pediatric ischemic stroke can cause sequelae across a wide range of cognitive domains, including verbal reasoning and processing speed. As a result, survivors are especially vulnerable to academic difficulties and face unique challenges compared to their peers. Despite this knowledge, pediatric stroke remains an understudied neurological condition, and its impact on school functioning poorly understood. The present clinical study addressed academic outcome in this population using a multifaceted approach. Patients were recruited for participation fr...
Source: Child Neuropsychology - January 8, 2020 Category: Child Development Authors: Champigny CM, Deotto A, Westmacott R, Dlamini N, Desrocher M Tags: Child Neuropsychol Source Type: research

Frontal interhemispheric structural connectivity, attention, and executive function in children with perinatal stroke
Perinatal stroke affects ∼1 in 1000 births and concomitant cognitive impairments such as Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and executive dysfunction can be disabling. We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate whether stroke-related differences in frontal white matter (WM) relate to cognitive impa irments. WM metrics correlated with parental ratings of ADHD and executive function suggesting that underlying microstructure of frontal white matter quantified via tractography may provide a relevant biomarker associated with cognition and behavior in children with perinatal stroke. AbstractPerinatal s...
Source: Brain and Behavior - November 26, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Nicole Larsen, Brandon T. Craig, Alicia J. Hilderley, Shane Virani, Kara Murias, Brian L. Brooks, Adam Kirton, Helen L. Carlson Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Predictors of externalizing behavior outcomes following pediatric stroke
This study included 210 children with pediatric ischemic stroke (mean age 9.18 years (SD = 3.95)). The parent form of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-Second Edition (BASC-2) and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) were used to evaluate externalizing behavior and executive function. No externalizing behavior or executive function differences were found between perinatal (n = 94) or childhood (n = 116) stoke, except for the shift subscale which had higher T-scores among the perinatal group (M = 55.83) than childhood group (M = 50.40). When examined together, 10% of children had clinically el...
Source: Child Neuropsychology - March 9, 2023 Category: Child Development Authors: Alyssia Wilson Nataly Beribisky Mary Desrocher Nomazulu Dlamini Tricia Williams Robyn Westmacott Source Type: research

Genetic analysis of genes causing hypertension and stroke in spontaneously hypertensive rats: Gene expression profiles in the kidneys.
Abstract Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and stroke-prone SHRs (SHRSP) are frequently used as models not only of essential hypertension and stroke, but also of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats are normally used as controls in these studies. In the present study, we aimed to identify the genes causing hypertension and stroke, as well as the genes involved in ADHD using these rats. We previously analyzed gene expression profiles in the adrenal glands and brain. Since the kidneys can directly influence the functions of the cardiovascular, endocrine and sy...
Source: International Journal of Molecular Medicine - July 10, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Watanabe Y, Yoshida M, Yamanishi K, Yamamoto H, Okuzaki D, Nojima H, Yasunaga T, Okamura H, Matsunaga H, Yamanishi H Tags: Int J Mol Med Source Type: research

Adult onset methylphenidate induced dyskinesia after stroke
Methylphenidate is a stimulant medication that is commonly used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is also used as adjuvant therapy for improving disability after stroke. Recently, Moreau et al. reported that methylphenidate improved gait hypokinesia and freezing in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) . The most common side effects of methylphenidate are; insomnia, anorexia, weight loss, abdominal pain, headache, irritability, anxiety, tachycardia, hypertension, and motor tics. Dyskinesia as a side effect of methylphenidate is rare, and only a few cases have been reported . Most of th...
Source: Parkinsonism and Related Disorders - April 14, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Jeong Yeon Kim, Jong Sam Baik Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research