Stroke RSS Page 13

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Condition: Hypertension
Procedure: Perfusion

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Total 203 results found since Jan 2013.

Vasculo-Neuronal Coupling and Neurovascular Coupling at the Neurovascular Unit: Impact of Hypertension
Components of the neurovascular unit (NVU) establish dynamic crosstalk that regulates cerebral blood flow and maintain brain homeostasis. Here, we describe accumulating evidence for cellular elements of the NVU contributing to critical physiological processes such as cerebral autoregulation, neurovascular coupling, and vasculo-neuronal coupling. We discuss how alterations in the cellular mechanisms governing NVU homeostasis can lead to pathological changes in which vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell, pericyte and astrocyte function may play a key role. Because hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for stroke an...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - September 24, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Preeclampsia: Linking Placental Ischemia with Maternal Endothelial and Vascular Dysfunction.
This article aims to discuss the current understanding of the diagnosis and pathophysiology of PE, as well as associated organ damage, maternal and fetal outcomes, and potential therapeutic avenues. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1315-1349, 2021. PMID: 33295016 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Comprehensive Physiology - December 11, 2020 Category: Physiology Tags: Compr Physiol Source Type: research

Experimental Rodent Models of Vascular Dementia: A Systematic Review.
Abstract Vascular dementia (VaD) occurs due to cerebrovascular insufficiency, which leads to decreased blood circulation to the brain, thereby resulting in mental disabilities. The main causes of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) are severe hypoperfusion, stroke, hypertension, large vessel disease (cortical), small vessel disease (subcortical VaD), strategic infarct, hemorrhage (microbleed), cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA),which leads to decreased cerebrovascular perfusion. Many metabolic disorders such as...
Source: CNS and Neurological Disorders Drug Targets - January 8, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Tiwari N, Upadhyay J, Ansari MN, Raza SS, Ahmad W, Ansari MA Tags: CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets Source Type: research

Regulation of cerebral blood flow in humans: physiology and clinical implications of autoregulation
Physiol Rev. 2021 Mar 26. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2020. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBrain function critically depends on a close matching between metabolic demands, appropriate delivery of oxygen and nutrients, and removal of cellular waste. This matching requires continuous regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), which can be categorized into four broad topics: 1) autoregulation, which describes the response of the cerebrovasculature to changes in perfusion pressure, 2) vascular reactivity to vasoactive stimuli [including carbon dioxide (CO2)], 3) neurovascular coupling (NVC), i.e., the CBF response to local changes...
Source: Physiological Reviews - March 26, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Jurgen A H R Claassen Dick H J Thijssen Ronney B Panerai Frank M Faraci Source Type: research

Non-traumatic pediatric intracranial hypertension: key points for different etiologies, diagnosis, and treatment
AbstractIntracranial hypertension can be an acute life-threatening event or slowly deteriorating condition, leading to a gradual loss of neurological function. The diagnosis should be taken in a timely fashioned process, which mandates expedite measures to save brain function and sometimes life. An optimal management strategy is selected according to the causative etiology with a core treatment paradigm that can be utilized in various etiologies. Distinct etiologies are intracranial bleeds caused by traumatic brain injury, spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (e.g., neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage), or the rare pediatr...
Source: Acta Neurologica Belgica - April 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Mildly Increased Renin Expression in the Absence of Kidney Injury in the Murine Transverse Aortic Constriction Model
Cardiorenal syndrome type 2 is characterized by kidney failure as a consequence of heart failure that affects >50% of heart failure patients. Murine transverse aortic constriction (TAC) is a heart failure model, where pressure overload is induced on the heart without any systemic hypertension or its consequences. Whether renal function is altered in this model is debated, and if so, at which time post-TAC renal dysfunction starts to contribute to worsening of cardiac function. We therefore studied the effects of progressive heart failure development on kidney function in the absence of chronically elevated systemic bloo...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - June 15, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Cutaneous Iontophoresis of Vasoactive Medications in Patients with Scleroderma ‐ Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
ConclusionsPatients with SSc-PAH have a lower cutaneous microvascular response to a prostacyclin analog treprostinil and the sGC activator A-350619 when compared with patients with SSc and no evidence of PH on screening tests, presumably due to a peripheral reduction in prostacyclin receptor expression and nitric oxide bioavailability.
Source: Microcirculation - November 6, 2021 Category: Research Authors: Sami Al Abdi, Allaa Almoushref, Tawfeq Naal, Celia Melillo, Kulwant S. Aulak, Mostafa K. Ahmed, Soumya Chatterjee, Kristin Highland, Raed A. Dweik, Adriano R. Tonelli Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Cutaneous iontophoresis of vasoactive medications in patients with scleroderma ‐associated pulmonary arterial hypertension
ConclusionsPatients with SSc-PAH have a lower cutaneous microvascular response to a prostacyclin analog treprostinil and the sGC activator A-350619 when compared with patients with SSc and no evidence of PH on screening tests, presumably due to a peripheral reduction in prostacyclin receptor expression and nitric oxide bioavailability.
Source: Microcirculation - November 17, 2021 Category: Research Authors: Sami Al Abdi, Allaa Almoushref, Tawfeq Naal, Celia A. Melillo, Kulwant S. Aulak, Mostafa K. Ahmed, Soumya Chatterjee, Kristin B. Highland, Raed A. Dweik, Adriano R. Tonelli Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

E-088 Visualization of the anterior temporal artery as a predictor of outcome after mechanical thrombectomy
ConclusionThough the presence of the anterior temporal artery in patients undergoing recanalization for MCA occlusion did not reach statistical significance for predicting independent outcomes, there was a strong trend for improved outcomes. Particularly for institutions without CTP capability or when CTP data is not-reliable, this association with ATA visualization should be further investigated as a predictor for good outcome after successful mechanical thrombectomy.Disclosures J. Parish: None. W. Stetler: None. D. Strong: None. T. Prasad: None. J. Rhoten: None. R. Karamchandani: None. J. Clemente: None. G. Defilipp: Non...
Source: Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery - July 26, 2021 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Parish, J., Stetler, W., Strong, D., Prasad, T., Rhoten, J., Karamchandani, R., Clemente, J., Defilipp, G., Hines, A., Bernard, J., Asimos, A. Tags: Electronic poster abstracts Source Type: research

How we do it: evaluation of dyspnea and exercise intolerance after acute pulmonary embolism
Chest. 2022 Jul 2:S0012-3692(22)01215-6. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.06.036. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLong-term dyspnea and exercise intolerance are common clinical problems after acute PE. Unfortunately, no single test can distinguish among the range of potential pathological outcomes after PE. We illustrate a stepwise approach to post-PE evaluation that uses a hierarchical series of clinically validated diagnostic tests. The algorithm is represented by the acronym SEARCH, which stands for symptom screening, exercise testing, arterial perfusion, resting echocardiography, confirmatory chest imaging and (right) heart cat...
Source: Chest - July 6, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Timothy A Morris Timothy M Fernandes Richard Channick Source Type: research

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