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Condition: Huntington's Disease

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Total 289 results found since Jan 2013.

Insulinoma Masquerading as Transient Neurocognitive Impairment
A 55-year-old man presented with 6 months of increasingly frequent episodes of confusion and abnormal behavior (Video 1). Neurologic examination and diagnostic work-up were unremarkable. He was evaluated for stroke, Huntington's disease, conversion disorder, and other neuropsychiatric conditions without a satisfactory diagnosis. Months later, he suffered another episode and was found to have a glucose of 33mg/dL. This improved with glucose administration but rapidly dropped to 30mg/dL. A 72-hour fast, which revealed a low serum glucose and elevated insulin, pro-insulin, and C-peptide levels, strongly suggested the diagnosis of insulinoma.
Source: The American Journal of Medicine - May 10, 2018 Category: General Medicine Authors: Daniel Varela, Amy Yu, David Saxon Tags: Clinical Communication to the Editor Source Type: research

Emerging strategies targeting cb2 cannabinoid receptor: biased agonism and allosterism.
Abstract During these last years, the CB2 cannabinoid receptor has emerged as a potential anti-inflammatory target in diseases such as multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, ischemic stroke, autoimmune diseases, osteoporosis, and cancer. However, the development of clinically useful CB2 agonists reveals to be very challenging. Allosterism and biased-signaling mechanisms at CB2 receptor may offer new avenues for the development of improved CB2 receptor-targeted therapies. Although there has been some exploration of CB1 receptor activation by new CB1 allosteric or biased-signaling l...
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - July 25, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Morales P, Goya P, Jagerovic N Tags: Biochem Pharmacol Source Type: research

Stem cell therapy for neurological disorders: A focus on aging.
Abstract Age-related neurological disorders continue to pose a significant societal and economic burden. Aging is a complex phenomenon that affects many aspects of the human body. Specifically, aging can have detrimental effects on the progression of brain diseases and endogenous stem cells. Stem cell therapies possess promising potential to mitigate the neurological symptoms of such diseases. However, aging presents a major obstacle for maximum efficacy of these treatments. In this review, we discuss current preclinical and clinical literature to highlight the interactions between aging, stem cell therapy, and th...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - September 13, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Nguyen H, Zarriello S, Coats A, Nelson C, Kingsbury C, Gorsky A, Rajani M, Neal EG, Borlongan CV Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back.
Abstract The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents neurotoxic plasma components, blood cells, and pathogens from entering the brain. At the same time, the BBB regulates transport of molecules into and out of the central nervous system (CNS), which maintains tightly controlled chemical composition of the neuronal milieu that is required for proper neuronal functioning. In this review, we first examine molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the establishment of the BBB. Then, we focus on BBB transport physiology, endothelial and pericyte transporters, and perivascular and paravascular transport. Next, we discuss ...
Source: Physiological Reviews - October 4, 2018 Category: Physiology Authors: Sweeney MD, Zhao Z, Montagne A, Nelson AR, Zlokovic BV Tags: Physiol Rev Source Type: research

Growing synergy of nanodiamonds in neurodegenerative interventions.
Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases are complex in both their nature and prognosis. The difficulties associated with penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), achieving site-specific targeting to the brain, and identifying the genetic etiologies responsible make treating neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and stroke, challenging. The aim to treat disease at the molecular level has galvanized nanotechnology research. Among the forms of nanoparticles (NPs) explored thus far, nanodiamonds (NDs) have s...
Source: Drug Discovery Today - November 5, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Saraf J, Kalia K, Bhattacharya P, Tekade RK Tags: Drug Discov Today Source Type: research

A phase IIb, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging investigation of the safety and efficacy of NTCELL ® immunoprotected (alginate-encapsulated) porcine choroid plexus cells for xenotransplantation in patients with Parkinson's disease
Regenerative therapies in Parkinson's disease aim to slow neurodegeneration and re-establish damaged neuronal circuitry. Neurotrophins are potent endogenous regulators of neuronal survival, development and regeneration. They represent an attractive regenerative treatment option in Parkinson's disease. Porcine choroid plexus produces a number of neurotrophins, and can be safely delivered to the striatum in an encapsulated formulation (termed NTCELL ®) to protect them from immune attack. NTCELL® has shown regenerative potential in animal models of stroke, Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease.
Source: Parkinsonism and Related Disorders - November 13, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Barry Snow, Eoin Mulroy, Arnold Bok, Mark Simpson, Andrew Smith, Kenneth Taylor, Michelle Lockhart, BB Janice Lam, Christopher Frampton, Patrick Schweder, Benson Chen, Gregory Finucane, Adele McMahon, Lorraine Macdonald Source Type: research

Understanding the Role of Hypoxia Inducible Factor During Neurodegeneration for New Therapeutics Opportunities.
Abstract Neurodegeneration (NDG) is linked with the progressive loss of neural function with intellectual and/or motor impairment. Several diseases affecting older individuals, including Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, Multiple Sclerosis and many others, are the most relevant disorders associated with NDG. Since other pathologies such as refractory epilepsy, brain infections, or hereditary diseases such as "neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation", also lead to chronic brain inflammation with loss of neural cells, NDG can be said to affe...
Source: Epilepsy Curr - November 28, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Merelli A, Rodríguez JCG, Folch J, Regueiro MR, Camins A, Lazarowski A Tags: Curr Neuropharmacol Source Type: research

Successful pallidotomy for post-hyperglycemic hemichorea-ballism
Chorea and ballism both refer to random abrupt involuntary movements, with choreiform movements typically being more distal and of lower amplitude than ballism. Stroke and heritable diseases (including Huntington's disease) are well-known etiologies, although metabolic, infectious, inflammatory and drug-induced causes have also been decribed [4].
Source: Parkinsonism and Related Disorders - November 28, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Philippe De Vloo, David P. Breen, Luka Milosevic, Darrin J. Lee, Robert F. Dallapiazza, William D. Hutchison, Anthony E. Lang, Andres M. Lozano Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Fast Intracortical Sensory-Motor Integration: A Window Into the Pathophysiology of Parkinson ’s Disease
Conclusion and Outlook In this review, we have discussed the possible contributions of the fast-afferent somatosensory pathway, the intracortical integrative component and the fast-efferent corticomotor pathway to alterations of SAI in PD. We concluded that PD-related changes in SAI are most likely caused at the cortical level, where sensory input is rapidly integrated into a motor output. This makes SAI a useful tool to probe how PD impacts on the sensorimotor integration processing at the cortical level. Studies performed on PD patients have shown variable results, ranging from reduced to normal or even enhanced SAI fi...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 7, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Widespread Striatal Delivery of GDNF from Encapsulated Cells Prevents the Anatomical and Functional Consequences of Excitotoxicity.
Conclusions: Delivery of neurotrophic molecules such as GDNF using encapsulated cells has reached a technological point where clinical evaluation is justified. Because GDNF has been effective in animal models of Parkinson's disease, stroke, epilepsy, and Huntington's disease, among other debilitating neurodegenerative diseases, encapsulated cell-based delivery of GDNF might represent one innovative means of slowing the neural degeneration seen in a myriad of currently untreatable neurological diseases. PMID: 30984255 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Neural Plasticity - April 17, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Emerich DF, Kordower JH, Chu Y, Thanos C, Bintz B, Paolone G, Wahlberg LU Tags: Neural Plast Source Type: research

Exercise as a Prescription for Patients with Various Diseases
Publication date: Available online 18 April 2019Source: Journal of Sport and Health ScienceAuthor(s): Xin Luan, Xiangyang Tian, Haixin Zhang, Rui Huang, Na Li, Peijie Chen, Ru WangAbstractA growing understanding of the benefits of exercise over the past few decades has prompted researchers to take an interest in the possibilities of exercise therapy. Because each sport has its own set of characteristics and physiological complications that tend to appear during exercise training, the effects and underlying mechanisms of exercise remain unclear. Thus, the first step in probing exercise effects on different diseases is the s...
Source: Journal of Sport and Health Science - April 20, 2019 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research

Benefits of curcumin in brain disorders
AbstractCurcumin is widely consumed in Asia either as turmeric directly or as one of the culinary ingredients in food recipes. The benefits of curcumin in different organ systems have been reported extensively in several neurological diseases and cancer. Curcumin has got its global recognition because of its strong antioxidant, anti ‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer, and antimicrobial activities. Additionally, it is used in diabetes and arthritis as well as in hepatic, renal, and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, there is growing attention on usage of curcumin to prevent or delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. This...
Source: BioFactors - June 10, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Abid Bhat, Arehally M. Mahalakshmi, Bipul Ray, Sunanda Tuladhar, Tousif A. Hediyal, Esther Manthiannem, Jagadeeswari Padamati, Ramesh Chandra, Saravana B. Chidambaram, Meena K. Sakharkar Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Envisioning the neuroprotective effect of Metformin in experimental epilepsy: A portrait of molecular crosstalk
Publication date: 15 September 2019Source: Life Sciences, Volume 233Author(s): Nandini H S, Yam Nath Paudel, Krishna K LAbstractEpilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate and aggravate epileptic seizures affecting around 1% of global population making it a serious health concern. Despite the recent advances in epilepsy research, no disease-modifying treatment able to terminate epileptogenesis have been reported yet reflecting the complexity in understanding the disease pathogenesis. To overcome the current treatment gap against epilepsy, one effective approach is to explore ...
Source: Life Sciences - August 8, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Astrocytes: Role and Functions in Brain Pathologies
Astrocytes are a population of cells with distinctive morphological and functional characteristics that differ within specific areas of the brain. Postnatally, astrocyte progenitors migrate to reach their brain area and related properties. They have a regulatory role of brain functions that are implicated in neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, controlling blood–brain barrier permeability and maintaining extracellular homeostasis. Mature astrocytes also express some genes enriched in cell progenitors, suggesting they can retain proliferative potential. Considering heterogeneity of cell population, it is not surprising that t...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - September 26, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research