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Condition: Dementia

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Peripheral biomarkers of stroke: Focus on circulatory microRNAs
This article also reviews research investigating circulatory miRNAs as peripheral biomarkers of stroke.
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Molecular Basis of Disease - August 9, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Does B lymphocyte-mediated autoimmunity contribute to post-stroke dementia?
Abstract Post-stroke cognitive decline and dementia pose a significant public health problem, with 30% of stroke survivors suffering from dementia. The reason for this high prevalence is not well understood. Pathogenic B cell responses to the damaged CNS are one possible contributing factor. B-lymphocytes and antibodies are present in and around the stroke core of some human subjects who die with stroke and dementia, and mice that develop delayed cognitive dysfunction after stroke have clusters of B-lymphocytes in the stroke lesion, and antibody infiltration in the stroked hemisphere. The ablation of B-lymphocytes...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - August 12, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Doyle KP, Buckwalter MS Tags: Brain Behav Immun Source Type: research

Management of acute ischaemic stroke in patients with dementia
Abstract An estimated 10% of stroke patients have an underlying dementia. As a consequence, health professionals often face the challenge of managing patients with dementia presenting with an acute stroke. Patients with dementia are less likely to receive thrombolysis (0.56–10% vs. 1–16% thrombolysis rates in the general population), be admitted to a stroke unit or receive some types of care. Anticoagulation for secondary stroke prevention is sometimes withheld, despite dementia not being listed as an exclusion criterion in current guidelines. Studies in this population are scarce, and results have been contradictory. ...
Source: Journal of Internal Medicine - February 1, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: A. Subic, P. Cermakova, B. Norrving, B. Winblad, M. Euler, M. G. Kramberger, M. Eriksdotter, S. Garcia ‐Ptacek Tags: Review Source Type: research

Increased Risk of Bullous Pemphigoid after First-Ever Stroke: A Population-Based Study.
CONCLUSIONS: The risk of BP is increased in first-ever stroke patients in a nationwide population-based cohort and this association is independent of well-known confounders of BP. PMID: 28467996 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neuro-Degenerative Diseases - May 4, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Shen AL, Lin HL, Lin HC, Tseng YF, Hsu CY, Chou CY Tags: Neurodegener Dis Source Type: research

Post-stroke Dementia: Epidemiology, Mechanisms and Management
Publication date: Available online 10 August 2017 Source:International Journal of Gerontology Author(s): Gwo-Chi Hu, Yi-Min Chen Post-stroke dementia (PSD) is a clinical entity that encompasses all types of dementia following an index stroke, which may affect up to one third of stroke survivors. Unlike physical disability after stroke, cognitive function usually worsens over time and are often overlooked with detrimental impacts on the quality of life of survivors. The risk factors for post-stroke dementia are multifactorial and includes genetic predisposition, demographic factors (like older age and lower education statu...
Source: International Journal of Gerontology - August 10, 2017 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

Increased risk for dementia both before and after stroke: A population-based study in women followed over 44  years.
DISCUSSION: There is an increased risk for dementia both before and after stroke. This has implications for understanding the relation between the two disorders and for prevention of dementia and stroke. PMID: 29936145 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Alzheimers Association - June 25, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Alzheimers Dement Source Type: research

Specificities of acute phase stroke management in the elderly.
Authors: Smadja D, Salmon PK Abstract Health professionals are currently facing the challenge of managing an increasing number of old patients presenting with acute stroke, due to rapid aging of the population. Compared to their younger counterparts, elderly patients differ in many ways in the setting of acute stroke. Apart from a striking high stroke incidence, which increases exponentially as age increases, cardioembolism also becomes, as patients age, the main cause of ischemic stroke. Delirium, which can challenge the diagnosis, is frequent at the acute phase of stroke, and may be related to an underlying demen...
Source: Revue Neurologique - September 29, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Rev Neurol (Paris) Source Type: research

Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Stroke
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722217Despite substantial advances in stroke care, vascular cognitive impairment remains a prominent source of disability. Unlike sensorimotor impairments, cognition often continues to decline after stroke. An aging population will increase the prevalence of vascular cognitive impairment, with stroke playing an important role. Ten percent of patients presenting with stroke have pre-stroke dementia; an additional 10% will develop incident dementia with a first stroke, and 30% with a recurrent stroke. While stroke increases the risk of cognitive impairment, the presence of cognitive impairme...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - January 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: D'Souza, Caitlin E. Greenway, Melanie R. F. Graff-Radford, Jonathan Meschia, James F. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

High Neutrophil –Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Conclusions: NLR in the acute stage of ischemic stroke was independently associated with PSCI at 3 months after stroke, and high NLR was specifically associated with cognitive dysfunction in the memory and visuospatial domains. Thus, systemic inflammation may be a modifiable risk factor that may influence cognitive outcomes after stroke.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - July 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Prediction of post-stroke cognitive impairment using brain FDG PET: deep learning-based approach
CONCLUSION: The DL-based cognitive signature using FDG PET was successfully transferred to an independent stroke cohort. It is suggested that DL-based cognitive evaluation using FDG PET could be utilized as an objective biomarker for cognitive dysfunction in patients with cerebrovascular diseases.PMID:34599654 | DOI:10.1007/s00259-021-05556-0
Source: Molecular Medicine - October 2, 2021 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Reeree Lee Hongyoon Choi Kwang-Yeol Park Jeong-Min Kim Ju Won Seok Source Type: research

Intestinal Epithelial Stem Cell Transplants as a Novel Therapy for Cerebrovascular Stroke
Brain Behav Immun. 2022 Oct 31:S0889-1591(22)00420-2. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.10.015. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAlmost 2/3rds of stroke survivors exhibit vascular cognitive impairment and a third of stroke patients will develop dementia 1-3 years after stroke. These dire consequences underscore the need for effective stroke therapies. In addition to its damaging effects on the brain, stroke rapidly dysregulates the intestinal epithelium, resulting in elevated blood levels of inflammatory cytokines and toxic gut metabolites due to a 'leaky' gut. We tested whether repairing the gut via intestinal epithelial stem cell (IE...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - November 3, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Kathiresh Kumar Mani Yumna El-Hakim Taylor E Branyan Nadia Samiya Sivani Pandey Maria T Grimaldo Ali Habbal Anna Wertz Farida Sohrabji Source Type: research

Newly Diagnosed Dementia and Increased Risk of Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Nationwide Population-based Study.
Conclusion: Individuals with dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease, are at greater risk of developing stroke, especially in intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage than patients without dementia. Early mental screening programs and health education should be initiated for dementia patients. PMID: 24484279 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current Alzheimer Research - January 31, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Wang HK, Tsai KJ, Huang CY, Wang LC, Lu K, Chen HJ, Lin CW, Lee YJ, Fang PH, Chang LC, Li YC Tags: Curr Alzheimer Res Source Type: research

Post‐stroke cognitive decline: an update and perspectives for clinical research
The close relationship between stroke and dementia is an important health issue. Ischaemic stroke can facilitate the onset of vascular dementia as well as aggravate pre‐existing cognitive decline. The onset of cognitive decline may become manifest immediately following the onset of ischaemic stroke, but often there is a delay in the development of cognitive decline after a stroke. This delay can be seen as a therapeutic time window allowing interventions to be applied to preserve cognition following stroke. Both neurodegenerative and vascular mechanisms are activated and probably result in overlapping processes within th...
Source: European Journal of Neurology - December 1, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: M. Brainin, J. Tuomilehto, W.‐D. Heiss, N. M. Bornstein, P. M. W. Bath, Y. Teuschl, E. Richard, A. Guekht, T. Quinn, Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Microbleeds, Mortality, and Stroke in Alzheimer Disease The MISTRAL Study
Conclusions and RelevanceIn patients with AD, the presence of nonlobar microbleeds was associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality. Patients with lobar microbleeds had an increased risk for stroke and stroke-related mortality, indicating that these patients should be treated with the utmost care.
Source: JAMA Neurology - March 23, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research