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Source: Clinical Neurophysiology
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Total 347 results found since Jan 2013.
The role of neurovascular ultrasound in intensive care units
The neurovascular ultrasound methods are cheap and noninvasive methods that are performed at the bedside of critically ill patients. Transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD), transcranial color Doppler sonography (TCCD) and ultrasound examination of the neck vessels can provide valuable information for timely treatment decisions. In patients with acute stroke, TCD can detect intracranial arterial steno-occlusive disease and presence of collateral flow. The recanalization rate after reperfusion treatment can be monitored with serial TCD recordings in acute ischemic stroke.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - August 9, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: D. Jovanović, M. Stefanović Budimkić Source Type: research
Co-incidence or causality? Seizures after slow rTMS in stroke patients
Modulation of brain activity and excitability via non-invasive brain stimulation techniques is increasingly used for treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases in the last years. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is the most intensively studied method in this field. The appeal of these techniques is that they alter basic physiological mechanisms relevant for clinical symptoms in many CNS diseases, i.e. pathological alterations of cortical excitability and activity. They allow a relatively targeted intervention, as compared to pharmacological therapy, and usually respective stimulation protocols are well tolerated.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - August 6, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Michael A. Nitsche Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Report of a delayed seizure after low frequency repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in a chronic stroke patient
We report a seizure in a stroke patient 24 hours after exposure to 1 Hz repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - August 6, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sara Agosta, Emanuela Galante, Francesco Ferraro, Alvaro Pascual Leone, Joel Oster, Lorella Battelli Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Can low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation precipitate a late-onset seizure in a stroke patient?
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) therapy is being increasingly used in various neuropsychiatric conditions. Literature suggests accidental seizure induction as the most serious adverse effect of rTMS. Several incidents of seizure induction were reported prior to the advent of safety guidelines for TMS parameters (Wassermann, 1998; Rossi et al., 2009). But after the publications of updated safety guidelines (Rossi et al., 2009), only two cases of seizure induction have been reported where rTMS was used within the safety framework.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 23, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Nand Kumar, MV Padma Srivastava, Rohit Verma, Hina Sharma, Tamonud Modak Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Defining abnormal slow EEG activity in acute ischaemic stroke: delta/alpha ratio as an optimal QEEG index
Ischaemic stroke (IS) produces abnormal, slow EEG activity - particularly in the delta frequency range (1-4 Hz) - and attenuation of normative, faster activity, particularly in the alpha frequency range (8-12 Hz; e.g., Jordan, 2004; Hirsch et al., 2013). A recent review (Finnigan and van Putten, 2013) emphasises that particular QEEG indices, which are sensitive to such cerebral pathophysiology following IS, can inform clinical decision-making including: (1) continuous monitoring to inform about the efficacy of acute reperfusion therapies, and; (2) outcome prognostication and clinical management decisions based on brief, pre-discharge EEG.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 21, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Simon Finnigan, Andrew Wong, Stephen Read Source Type: research
Cooperative hand movements in post-stroke subjects: Neural reorganization
Bimanual tasks are assumed to require a specific form of interlimb coordination controlled by distributed neural networks, involving cortical and subcortical areas (Donchin et al. 1998; Kazennikov et al. 1999; Kermadi et al. 2000; Debaere et al. 2001; Swinnen 2002). Alongside these general control mechanisms, task-specificity of neural control seems to exist for different bimanual movements (Ohki and Johansson 1999; Bracewell et al. 2003; Wiesendanger and Serrien 2004; White et al. 2008; Alberts and Wolf 2009).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 8, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Miriam Schrafl-Altermatt, Volker Dietz Source Type: research
V9. Distinct contributions of dorsal and ventral streams to imitation of transitive and intransitive gestures: Evidence from acute stroke patients
Meaningful gestures are one of the key features of social interaction and comprise both object-associated transitive movements (e.g. hammering) as well as intransitive movements referring to a communicative content (e.g. waving goodbye). The ability to imitate meaningful gestures is frequently impaired in apraxia due to left-hemispheric stroke. However, the pathophysiology behind these deficits so far remained unresolved. A dual stream-model for a dichotomized organisation of higher cognitive functions such as language or praxis has been proposed, with a dorsal stream involved in sensorimotor processing and a ventral strea...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 5, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. Dreßing, L. Beume, D. Kümmerer, C. Schmidt, T. Bormann, I. Mader, M. Rijntjes, C. Kaller, C. Weiller, M. Hören Source Type: research
V37. Interactions between primary and secondary motor areas for recovered hand functions after stroke
Goal oriented hand movements are the final product of complex interplay between multiple cortical regions of the frontoparietal cortex. Following stroke, recovery of function might be related to structural and functional modifications in the surviving brain networks. Strikingly, the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) plays a crucial role in the sensorimotor processing engaged in shaping finger movements and shares extensive reciprocal projections to the primary motor cortex (M1), making the PMv a promising structure involved in hand motor recovery after stroke.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 5, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: M. Zimerman, S. Weide, M. Wessel, R. Schulz, J.E. Timmermann, M. Bönstrup, T. Morishita, P. Koch, C. Gerloff, F.C. Hummel Source Type: research
P5. Acute versus chronic lesion mapping: Methodological considerations from a study of arm motor functions
The method of lesion analysis is a tool widely used in cognitive neuroscience to conduct group studies with stroke patients associating cognitive dysfunctions with brain lesions. Although modern statistical lesion analysis (voxel wise lesion symptom mapping, VLSM) is an established tool there is still a lively debate about the time between stroke onset, neuroimaging and the assessment of cognitive functions. There are several reasons supporting acute/subacute or chronic neuroimaging or functional assessment.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 5, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: J. Rennig, H. Planert, H.-O. Karnath Source Type: research
P11. Connectivity-based predictions of hand motor outcome at the sub-acute stage after stroke
Predicting motor recovery after stroke is a recognized aim in stroke rehabilitation. Here, we combine two different neuroimaging methods to test their prognostic power at the sub-acute stage after stroke. We measured resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in 19 stroke patients within the first days (5–9days) after stroke and investigated short term (3months) and long term (6months) motor outcome.Resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) showed no relevant predictive value for motor outcome.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 5, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: J. Lindow, M. Domin, M. Grothe, W. Byblow, M. Lotze Source Type: research
P12. Neural correlates of apraxia in mild dementia of Alzheimer’s disease – A voxel-based morphometry study
Apraxia is a neuropsychological syndrome with the hallmark of impaired imitation and/or pantomiming of gestures and postures despite normal motor function and comprehension. Whereas key brain regions for apraxia in patients with left-hemispheric stroke have been suggested, it is unclear whether similar areas contribute to praxis disturbances observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 5, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. Johnen, L. Brandstetter, H. Lohmann, T. Duning Source Type: research
P99. Predictors of new cerebral microbleeds in patients with antiplatelet drug therapy
Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are an MRI marker of vascular damage in the brain and are associated with an increased risk for ischemic and especially hemorrhagic stroke. CMBs are known to be more prevalent in patients who take antiplatelet drug therapy, which is commonly used for secondary prevention in patients with ischemic stroke. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) to identify patients at high risk for the development of new CMBs under antiplatelet drug therapy.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 5, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: K. Menzler, M. Hausdörfer, C. Mayer, M. Belke, A. Gerstner, M. Teepker, R. Werner, H. Hamer, W. Oertel, F. Rosenow, S. Knake Source Type: research
P105. Network dynamics engaged in the modulation of motor behavior in chronic stroke patients
Affected hand movements are associated with a successive increase of neural activity in both hemispheres in the first weeks after stroke, which then return to levels observed in healthy controls, particularly in patients making full motor recovery. Little is known about the changes of the interplay of brain regions that enable the modulation of motor performance after stroke. In healthy subjects, an important feature of faster hand movements is mediated by a more effective coupling between distinct cortical and subcortical motor areas.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 5, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: E.-M. Pool, M. Kutscha, E. Binder, S.B. Eickhoff, G.R. Fink, C. Grefkes Source Type: research
P108. The effect of task effort on recovery-related brain activity following motor stroke assessed with FMRI and EEG
Spontaneous recovery of motor deficits after stroke evolve at a rather unpredictable fashion regarding the time and extend of skill reacquisition (Langhorne et al., Lancet, 2011). Previous longitudinal studies investigating brain activity during recovery from hand motor deficits point to an early overactivation of the motor network with a decrease back to near normal patterns later after stroke (Rehme et al., Neuroimage, 2012). Since patients regain force and skill during recovery, changes in neural activation over time could be explained by a decreased relative task effort over time.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 5, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: M. Bönstrup, R. Schulz, B. Cheng, J. Feldheim, G. Thomalla, F. Hummel, C. Gerloff Source Type: research
P109. Parietofrontal motor pathways and their association with motor function after stroke
A stroke results in widespread alterations of motor-related brain activity and interregional interactions in the sensorimotor network. Numerous studies have investigated the functional relevance of the primary motor cortices (M1) and predominantly frontal and prefrontal secondary motor areas. Only few studies focused on the functional role of the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) after stroke. Corticocortical interactions between M1, PMv and posterior parietal motor areas, such as the anterior (aIPS) and caudal intraparietal sulcus (cIPS) are relevant for skilled voluntary hand function.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 5, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: P. Koch, R. Schulz, M. Zimerman, M. Wessel, M. Bönstrup, G. Thomalla, B. Cheng, C. Gerloff, F.C. Hummel Source Type: research
