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Source: Clinical Neurophysiology
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Total 347 results found since Jan 2013.
The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on motor sequence learning and upper limb function after stroke
Stroke is a leading cause of adult disability and many people are left with impairments and are dependent on others for activities of daily living (Dobkin, 2005; DOH, 2007; Veerbeek et al., 2011). Strategies to improve plasticity and enhance motor learning are needed. One potential approach is to use transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to enhance the effect of physical therapy.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - March 30, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Melanie K Fleming, John C Rothwell, Laszlo Sztriha, James T Teo, Di J Newham Source Type: research
Inhibition versus facilitation of contralesional motor cortices in stroke: Deriving a model to tailor brain stimulation
Stimulation of the brain is a well-accepted experimental technique for promoting recovery of the paretic upper limb after stroke. Based on the premise that ipsilesional primary motor cortex (iM1) is important for motor function (Nudo et al., 1996) and contralesional motor cortices compete with iM1 to inhibit output devoted to the paretic upper limb (Murase et al., 2004), the standard approach involves facilitating iM1 and/or inhibiting the contralesional motor cortices (Fregni et al., 2007; Di Lazzaro et al., 2013).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - March 21, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Vishwanath Sankarasubramanian, Andre G. Machado, Adriana B. Conforto, Kelsey A. Potter-Baker, David A. Cunningham, Nicole M. Varnerin, Xiaofeng Wang, Ken Sakaie, Ela B. Plow Source Type: research
Physiological arousal accompanying postural responses to external perturbations after stroke
Neuromuscular control of standing balance is known to be impaired after stroke (Garland et al. 2009). Response to surface translations have characterized the postural reactions of people post-stroke as being asymmetrical favoring the non-paretic leg (Marigold et al. 2004; van Asseldonk et al. 2006), accompanied by muscle activation which is delayed, and of decreased amplitude, in the paretic limb with poor intra-limb muscle coordination (Badke and Duncan 1983; Marigold and Eng 2006). In particular, the plantarflexor muscles in people post-stroke demonstrate impaired responses to external perturbations (Pollock et al.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - March 17, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: C.L. Pollock, M.G. Carpenter, M.A. Hunt, A. Gallina, T.M. Vieira, T.D. Ivanova, Garland SJ Source Type: research
Intrathecal Baclofen Bolus Reduces Exaggerated Extensor Coactivation during Pre-Swing and Early-Swing of Gait after Acquired Brain Injury
Pathological muscle activation patterns during gait are common after acquired brain injury (ABI). In an early study of 26 stroke patients, Knutsson and Richards (1979) monitored the hip abductor, hip adductors, quadriceps, hamstrings, triceps surae, and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles and qualitatively described 3 different patterns of abnormal muscle activation during gait, one of which is characterized by coactivation of several muscle groups during the end of swing and throughout the main part of the stance phase.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - February 28, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: John W. Chow, Stuart A. Yablon, Dobrivoje S. Stokic Source Type: research
Parietomotor connectivity in the contralesional hemisphere after stroke: a paired-pulse TMS study
Stroke is the main cause of acquired disability in adults. Upper limb paresis is one of the most frequent symptoms after stroke; the recovery of upper limb function is often problematic but constitutes a key factor in personal autonomy. Spatial neglect (defined as a failure to acknowledge or explore stimuli towards the contralesional side) (Heilman et al. 2000) is another challenging consequence of stroke, since it slows recovery and impairs activities of daily living (Di Monaco et al. 2011). In fact, spatial neglect is a frequent consequence of lesions in the right hemisphere - especially those affecting the inferior pari...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - February 27, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Etienne Allart, Arnaud Delval, Alexandre Caux-Dedeystere, Julien Labreuche, Romain Viard, Renaud Lopes, Herv é Devanne Source Type: research
Individual difference in β-band corticomuscular coherence and its relation to force steadiness during isometric voluntary ankle dorsiflexion in healthy humans
Stabilizing muscle force is an important ability for mobility of daily activities. This function is often referred as “force steadiness”, and is quantified by calculating the magnitude of fluctuations in isometric muscle force around the averaged value. Indeed, this measure has been often calculated in the field of exercise and/or clinical neurophysiology, primarily to examine changes in motor function caused b y several factors such as aging (Galganski et al., 1993; Tracy and Enoka, 2002; Vaillancourt and Newell, 2003), lack of muscle use (Shinohara et al., 2003; Clark et al., 2007), and neural disorders such as strok...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - December 6, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Junichi Ushiyama, Junya Yamada, Meigen Liu, Junichi Ushiba Source Type: research
Bilateral changes in muscle architecture of physically active people with chronic stroke: a quantitative muscle ultrasound study
Stroke is primarily regarded as a central nervous system (CNS) disorder, but post-stroke structural changes in skeletal muscles have been described. Imaging techniques such as Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and Computed Tomography (CT) have revealed atrophy in several paretic side muscles of stroke survivors (English et al., 2010; Scherbakov et al., 2015). In addition to atrophy, increased intramuscular fat has been found in hemiparetic muscles of post-stroke patients (Ryan et al., 2002, Klein et al., 2010, Ryan et al., 2011).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - November 9, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Frank Berenpas, Anne-Marieke Martens, Vivian Weerdesteyn, Alexander C. Geurts, Nens van Alfen Source Type: research
Influence of Attention Alternation on Movement-Related Cortical Potentials in Healthy Individuals and Stroke Patients
Brain computer interface (BCI) systems translate patterns of brain activity to provide an artificial communication and control channel between the brain and the external environment without using peripheral nerves or muscles. Event-related synchronization/desynchronization, readiness potentials and movement-related cortical potentials (MRCP) extracted from the time or frequency domain of the electroencephalogram (EEG) are just some examples of signals that have been successfully implemented within BCIs (Jiang et al., 2015; Xu et al., 2014; Xu et al., 2016).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - November 9, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Susan Aliakbaryhosseinabadi, Vladimir Kostic, Aleksandra Pavlovic, Sasa Radovanovic, Ernest Nlandu Kamavuako, Ning Jiang, Laura Petrini, Kim Dremstrup, Dario Farina, Natalie Mrachacz-Kersting Source Type: research
Small world brain network characteristics during EEG Holter recording of a stroke event
Several studies revealed that cerebral ischemia provokes transient or permanent disruption of functional connections both locally and distantly from the lesion. Recently, brain connectivity has been described using graph theory, a mathematical approach which depicts the brain as a network in order to simplify its complex topology. The human brain consists of complex inhibitory and excitatory circuits located in specialized areas, which are engaged in sharing and integrating information with a time-varying interplay at resolution in the millisecond range.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - November 2, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Fabrizio Vecchio, Francesca Miraglia, Angela Romano, Placido Bramanti, Paolo Maria Rossini Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Individuals with Chronic Hemiparetic Stroke can Correctly Match Forearm Positions within a Single Arm
By 2030, approximately 10 million American adults will have been affected by a stroke, an estimated 84% of these individuals will survive, and many of these individuals will move on to long-term disability facing challenges in coordinating and controlling movements Mozaffarian et al. (2015). According to clinical assessments, more than half of these stroke survivors may have a compromised position sense Connell et al. (2008); Winward et al. (2002) that can result in devastating effects on their ability to control their movements Cole (1995); Ghez et al.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - October 26, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Netta Gurari, Justin M. Drogos, Julius P.A. Dewald Source Type: research
Is long-term electroencephalogram more appropriate than standard electroencephalogram in the elderly?
Epilepsy is frequent in the elderly; the estimated prevalence is 1-2% in people over the age of 60 (Brodie and Kwan, 2005; Hauser et al., 1993) and 7.7% in institutionalized patients over 65 (Garrard et al., 2003).The increasing incidence of epilepsy in the elderly has been linked to the increase in “structural” causes - especially stroke (So et al., 1996) and dementia. However, around 25% of cases are “idiopathic” (Ramsay et al., 2004), which suggests that the brain is predisposed to generate epileptic seizures.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - October 26, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: M. Chochoi, L. Tyvaert, P. Derambure, W. Szurhaj Source Type: research
Loss of electrical anisotropy is an unrecognized feature of dystrophic muscle that may serve as a convenient index of disease status
Anisotropy refers to any directionally dependent property of tissue. A common use of the term is in diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in which the direction-dependent diffusion of water is defined as the tissue ’s fractional anisotropy (Basser et al. 1994; Le Bihan et al. 2001). This MRI technique has been especially useful in the field of neurology, allowing for the evaluation of white matter tracts in the brain and spinal cord, in disorders ranging from stroke (Werring et al. 2000) to multiple sclerosi s (Werring et al.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - October 12, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Seward B. Rutkove, Jim S. Wu, Craig Zaidman, Kush Kapur, Sung Yim, Amy Pasternak, Lavanya Madabusi, Heather Szelag, Tim Harrington, Jia Li, Adam Pacheck, Basil T. Darras Source Type: research
EP 84. Motor control and learning strategy for efficient neurorehabilitation
Parkinson ’s, stroke, and other neurological diseases may significantly affect the control of voluntary, ballistic-like movements that normally are performed automatically and optimally as regards position accuracy, energy expenditure and movement execution time. The control functions (neural signals to mus cles) are to be re-learnt and re-optimised with respect to these performance indices. In our study, a natural approach for efficient motor learning in goal-directed motion tasks, incl. walking is proposed.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - August 5, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: D. Despotova, P. Kiriazov Tags: ePoster Presentations – Free Topics Source Type: research
EP 74. Comparison of freehand B-mode and power-mode 3D ultrasound for visualisation and grading of internal carotid artery stenosis
Currently, colour-coded duplex sonography (2D-CDS) is clinical standard for detection and grading of ICAS (1,2) as a relevant risk factor for ischaemic stroke (3,4). Unlike angiographic imaging modalities, 2D-CDS assesses ICAS by its haemodynamic effects rather than luminal changes1. Therefore, aim of this study was to evaluate freehand 3D ultrasound (3DUS) for direct visualisation and quantification of ICAS.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - August 5, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. Weinreich, D. Saur, J. Pelz Tags: ePoster Presentations – Neuroimaging II Source Type: research
EP 59. Multi-modal imaging of neural correlates of motor speed performance in the trail making test
The assessment of motor and executive functions following stroke or traumatic brain injury is a key aspect of impairment evaluation and used to guide further therapy. In clinical routine such assessments are largely dominated by pen-and-paper tests. While these provide standardized, reliable and ecologically valid measures of the individual level of functioning, rather little is yet known about their neurobiological underpinnings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate brain regions and their associated networks that are related to upper extremity motor function, as quantified by the Motor Speed subtest of the...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - August 5, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: J. Camilleri, A. Reid, V. M üller, C. Grefkes, K. Amunts, S. Eickhoff Source Type: research
