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Drug: Nicotine

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Total 216 results found since Jan 2013.

FES for abnormal movement of upper limb during walking in post-stroke subjects.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that a traditional foot drop functional electrical stimulator providing stimulation also to the patient's upper limbs, while being triggered by a foot switch under his or her heel, can help the patient to swing the arms and reduce the foot drop. The method has significant effect on traditional foot drop therapy. The subjects' high degree of acceptance and willingness to commit to long-term use showed that the method is indeed worthy of further research. PMID: 24934709 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Technology and Health Care - June 16, 2014 Category: Medical Equipment Authors: Chou CH, Hwang YS, Chen CC, Chen SC, Lai CH, Chen YL Tags: Technol Health Care Source Type: research

The Case Files: Unusual Headache
By Al-Hashimi, Siddhartha DO; Leavens, John MD A 23-year-old woman with a history of migraine headaches presented to the emergency department for a different-than-usual headache. She had a six-day history of intermittent headaches. The onset was at rest, and there was no history of trauma.   The headache was located behind her left eye, and it radiated into the posterior portion of her head. She characterized it as being 8/10 in intensity. Bright lights were reported as an exacerbating factor. The headache was associated with nausea and multiple episodes of emesis. She had 10 episodes of vomiting the evening prior to arri...
Source: The Case Files - June 5, 2014 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Blog Posts Source Type: research

Multidisciplinary Consensus on Assessment of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: Proposal of an International Research Group Special Report
Conclusions— Our results highlight that neurovascular specialists currently consider many features as important when evaluating UIAs but also highlight that the appreciation of natural history of UIAs remains uncertain, even within a group of highly informed individuals.
Source: Stroke - April 28, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Etminan, N., Beseoglu, K., Barrow, D. L., Bederson, J., Brown, R. D., Connolly, E. S., Derdeyn, C. P., Hanggi, D., Hasan, D., Juvela, S., Kasuya, H., Kirkpatrick, P. J., Knuckey, N., Koivisto, T., Lanzino, G., Lawton, M. T., LeRoux, P., McDougall, C. G., Tags: Cerebral Aneurysm, AVM, & Subarachnoid hemorrhage Special Report Source Type: research

Oxidative and pro-inflammatory impact of regular and denicotinized cigarettes on blood brain barrier endothelial cells: is smoking reduced or nicotine-free products really safe?
Conclusions: In summary, our results indicate that NF and ultralow nicotine cigarettes are potentially more harmful to the BBB endothelium than regular tobacco products. In addition, this study demonstrates that the TS-induced toxicity at BBB ECs is strongly correlated to the TAR and NO levels in the cigarettes rather than the nicotine content.
Source: BMC Neuroscience - Latest articles - April 23, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Pooja NaikNeel FofariaShikha PrasadRavi SajjaBabette WekslerPierre-Olivier CouraudIgnacio RomeroLuca Cucullo Source Type: research

Snus (Swedish smokeless tobacco) use and risk of stroke: Pooled Analyses of Incidence and Survival
ConclusionUse of snus was not associated with the risk of stroke. Hence, nicotine is unlikely to contribute importantly to the pathophysiology of stroke. However, case fatality was increased in snus users, compared to non‐users, but further studies are needed to determine any possible causal mechanisms.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Journal of Internal Medicine - February 1, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Jenny Hansson, Maria Rosaria Galanti, Maria‐Pia Hergens, Peeter Fredlund, Anders Ahlbom, Lars Alfredsson, Rino Bellocco, Gunnar Engström, Marie Eriksson, Johan Hallqvist, Bo Hedblad, Jan‐Håkan Jansson, Nancy L Pedersen, Ylva Trolle Lagerros, Per‐O Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Tobacco smoking, epilepsy, and seizures.
Abstract Tobacco smoking is considered the greatest risk factor for death caused by noncommunicable diseases. In contrast to extensive research on the association between tobacco smoking and diseases such as heart attack, stroke, and cancers, studies on the association between tobacco smoking and seizures or epilepsy are insufficient. The exact roles tobacco smoking and nicotine use play in seizures or epilepsy have not been well reviewed. We reviewed available literature and found that 1) there are vast differences between tobacco smoke and nicotine based on their components and their effects on seizures or epile...
Source: Epilepsy and Behaviour - January 15, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Rong L, Frontera AT, Benbadis SR Tags: Epilepsy Behav Source Type: research

'No serious heart risks' linked to smoking cessation therapies
The American Heart Association claims that three different types of smoking cessation therapies do not pose serious heart risks, quashing concerns that certain products may increase the risks of heart attack, stroke or heart-related death.Researchers looked at the results of 63 clinical trials involving 30, 508 people who were quitting smoking using either nicotine replacement gums and patches, the nicotine addiction treatment varenicline (Chantix), or taking the antidepressant bupropion (Wellbutrin), which can reduce cravings and other unwanted withdrawal effects.
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - December 13, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Smoking / Quit Smoking Source Type: news

Heparin, grad students, a clinical revolution and giving credit where it's due
The story of a grad student who overcame remarkable odds only to be denied his moment of glory, or a tale of dark deceit and devilish doings? The story of heparin is as complicated as the chemistry itselfBlood is remarkable.A liquid that carries nutrients, waste products and the ever-vigilant cells of the immune system around the body, blood rapidly turns into a solid when it leaves its veins and arteries and becomes exposed to bodily tissues or the air outside. This process of solidification – clotting, or coagulation – is executed and controlled by a complex set of reactions and interactions primarily involving the e...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - September 4, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Richard P Grant Tags: theguardian.com Blogposts Science Source Type: news

Neurochemicals involved in medullary control of common carotid blood flow.
Abstract The common carotid artery (CCA) supplies intra- and extra-cranial vascular beds. An area in the medulla controlling CCA blood flow is defined as the dorsal facial area (DFA) by Kuo et al. in 1987. In the DFA, presynaptic nitrergic and/or glutamatergic fibers innervate preganglionic nitrergic and/or cholinergic neurons which give rise to the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic 7th and 9th cranial nerves. Released glutamate from presynaptic nitrergic and/or glutamatergic fibers can activate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors on preg...
Source: Current Neuropharmacology - September 1, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Gong CL, Leung YM, Wang MR, Lin NN, Lee TJ, Kuo JS Tags: Curr Neuropharmacol Source Type: research

Scientists accuse ministers of putting UK seas and marine life in peril
Habitats where seahorses, crabs and dolphins thrive face destruction as plans for protection zones are watered downHundreds of species of fish and precious coastal habitats around Britain are in danger, scientists and conservationists have warned, because the government has not responded properly to plans for a network of marine conservation zones around the UK. This failure, they say, could blight our seas for decades.A government statement on the proposals is due in a few weeks' time, but signs are that it will be muted and inadequate and will fail to save marine habitats from further devastation."At a stroke the governm...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - August 3, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Robin McKie Tags: Marine life News Fishing Features Politics UK news The Observer Conservation Environment Science Wildlife Source Type: news

NIH launches neurological drug development projects
(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) The NIH launched three innovative projects that will focus on development of therapeutics for Fragile X syndrome, nicotine addiction, and age-related macular degeneration. These projects are funded through the NIH Blueprint Neurotherapeutics Network which provides access to a variety of drug development resources.
Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science - July 31, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Scientists awarded special collaborative grant to develop anti-addiction medication
(Scripps Research Institute) As part of an unprecedented national effort to develop new drugs to treat neurological disorders, scientists from the Florida campus of the Scripps Research Institute have been awarded an innovative grant from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke to help people break their addiction to nicotine.
Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science - March 27, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Telephone-assisted placement of air nicotine monitors to validate self-reported smoke-free home policies
Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure increases the risk of lung cancer, stroke, coronary heart disease and respiratory problems. Among children, SHS exposure is associated with: increased risk of respiratory infections (including asthma, bronchitis and pneumonia); severity of asthma symptoms, middle ear infections; and sudden infant death syndrome. With increased policies restricting smoking in public places in the USA, homes are now the primary source of SHS exposure. However, having a smoke-free home reduces SHS exposure. As a result, interventions promoting smoke-free homes have been delivered through: clinic-based programme...
Source: Public Health - March 7, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Authors: C.J. Berg, L. Bundy, C. Escoffery, R. Haardörfer, M.C. Kegler Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Advanced glycation end products accelerate rat vascular calcification through RAGE/oxidative stress
Conclusions: These results suggest that AGEs enhance vascular calcification partly through a RAGE/oxidative stress pathway.
Source: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders - March 5, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Qin WeiXiaomei RenYibo JiangHong JinNaifeng LiuJie Li Source Type: research

Attentional functioning in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: a preliminary study.
Conclusion PTSD patients were impaired relative to participants without psychiatric diagnoses on a measure of focused attention. Several factors, including the small sample size, suggest that the results should be considered preliminary. PMID: 23298713 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: CNS Spectrums - January 8, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Horner MD, Mintzer JE, Turner TH, Edmiston KR, Brawman-Mintzer O Tags: CNS Spectr Source Type: research