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Drug: Nicotine
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Total 216 results found since Jan 2013.
Chronic nicotine exposure exacerbates transient focal cerebral ischemia-induced brain injury
Tobacco smoking is a risk factor contributing to the development and progression of ischemic stroke. Among many chemicals in tobacco, nicotine may be a key contributor. We hypothesized that nicotine alters the balance between oxidant and antioxidant networks leading to an increase in brain injury following transient focal cerebral ischemia. Male Sprague-Dawley were treated with nicotine (2 or 4 mg·kg–1·day–1) for 4 wk via an implanted subcutaneous osmotic minipump and subjected to a 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Infarct size and neurological deficits were evaluated at 24 h of reperf...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - February 1, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Li, C., Sun, H., Arrick, D. M., Mayhan, W. G. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research
Oversleeping: The Effects and Health Risks of Sleeping Too Much
This article originally appeared on the Amerisleep blog. Rosie Osmun is the Creative Content Manager at Amerisleep, a progressive memory foam mattress brand focused on eco-friendly sleep solutions. Rosie writes more posts on the Amerisleep blog about the science of sleep, eco-friendly living, leading a healthy lifestyle and more. -- This feed and its contents are the property of The Huffington Post, and use is subject to our terms. It may be used for personal consumption, but may not be distributed on a website.
Source: Healthy Living - The Huffington Post - January 29, 2016 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news
Novel Approaches in Astrocyte Protection: from Experimental Methods to Computational Approaches
Abstract
Astrocytes are important for normal brain functioning. Astrocytes are metabolic regulators of the brain that exert many functions such as the preservation of blood–brain barrier (BBB) function, clearance of toxic substances, and generation of antioxidant molecules and growth factors. These functions are fundamental to sustain the function and survival of neurons and other brain cells. For these reasons, the protection of astrocytes has become relevant for the prevention of neuronal death during brain pathologies such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, and other neurodegenerative co...
Source: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - January 23, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Pharmacological interventions for unilateral spatial neglect after stroke.
CONCLUSIONS: The quality of the evidence from available RCTs was very low. The effectiveness and safety of pharmacological interventions for USN after stroke are therefore uncertain. Additional large RCTs are needed to evaluate these treatments.
PMID: 26544542 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 6, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Luvizutto GJ, Bazan R, Braga GP, Resende LA, Bazan SG, El Dib R Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Cholinergic Pathway Suppresses Pulmonary Innate Immunity Facilitating Pneumonia After Stroke Basic Sciences
Conclusions—
Thus, cholinergic pathways play a pivotal role in the development of pulmonary infections after acute central nervous system injury.
Source: Stroke - October 26, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Engel, O., Akyuz, L., da Costa Goncalves, A. C., Winek, K., Dames, C., Thielke, M., Herold, S., Bottcher, C., Priller, J., Volk, H. D., Dirnagl, U., Meisel, C., Meisel, A. Tags: Animal models of human disease, Pulmonary biology and circulation, Acute Cerebral Infarction Basic Sciences Source Type: research
Smoking behaviour and knowledge of the health effects of smoking in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
ConclusionAlthough patients with Crohn's disease were better informed on the detrimental effects of smoking, the awareness rate was still low.
Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - October 5, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: C. De Bie, V. Ballet, N. Hendriks, S. Coenen, E. Weyts, G. Van Assche, S. Vermeire, M. Ferrante Tags: Original Scientific Paper Source Type: research
Damage to the insula leads to decreased nicotine withdrawal during abstinence
ConclusionsCurrent smokers with damage to their insular cortex brain region appear to experience fewer and less severe tobacco withdrawal symptoms, and appear to be less likely to require nicotine replacement therapy during hospitalization, compared with smokers with non‐insular damage. These findings support the potential role of the insular cortex in regulating withdrawal during abstinence, a motivator responsible for the maintenance of addictive behaviors.
Source: Addiction - September 8, 2015 Category: Addiction Authors: Amir Abdolahi, Geoffrey C. Williams, Curtis G. Benesch, Henry Z. Wang, Eric M. Spitzer, Bryan E. Scott, Robert C. Block, Edwin Wijngaarden Tags: Research Report Source Type: research
Thyroid Hormone Signaling: Contribution to Neural Function, Cognition, and Relationship to Nicotine
Publication date: Available online 5 September 2015 Source:Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews Author(s): Prescott T. Leach, Thomas J. Gould Cigarette smoking is common despite its adverse effects on health, such as cardiovascular disease and stroke. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to the addictive properties of nicotine makes it possible to target them to prevent the initiation of smoking behavior and/or increase the chance of successful quit attempts. While highly addictive, nicotine is not generally considered to be as reinforcing as other drugs of abuse. There are likely other mechanisms at wo...
Source: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews - September 5, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Reminder: Smoking Hookah For An Hour Is Like Smoking 100 Cigarettes
You hopefully wouldn't smoke 100 cigarettes in 60 minutes -- that's five entire packs of so-called cancer sticks. If you casually dabble with hookah, however, you might not bat an eye at an hour-long smoking session. New research shows lots of young people don't know that 100 cigarettes and an hour of hookah are about equal in terms of the amount of smoke inhaled -- and therefore in the damage they can cause to a person's health, including increased risk for heart disease, cancers, stroke, blood clots and death, to name a few. A 2005 report by the World Health Organization found that hookah smokers typ...
Source: Healthy Living - The Huffington Post - August 25, 2015 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news
E-cigarettes '95% less harmful than smoking' says report
"E-cigarettes are 95% less harmful than tobacco and could be prescribed on the NHS in future to help smokers quit," BBC News reports. This is the main finding of an evidence review (PDF, 485kb) carried out by Public Health England, a government agency that aims to protect and improve the nation's health and wellbeing, and reduce health inequalities. What are e-cigarettes?Most e-cigarettes contain a battery, an atomiser and a replaceable cartridge. The cartridge contains nicotine in a solution of either propylene glycol or glycerine and water, and sometimes flavourings. When you suck on the device, a sensor d...
Source: NHS News Feed - August 19, 2015 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Heart/lungs Lifestyle/exercise QA articles Source Type: news
Effect of full flavor and denicotinized cigarettes exposure on the brain microvascular endothelium: a microarray-based gene expression study using a human immortalized BBB endothelial cell line
Conclusions:
This study provides a detailed analysis of Nrf2-related cytoprotective mechanisms activated in response to 3R4F and ULN-derived TS exposure correlating the results with their oxidative and inflammatory potential. Toxicants present in soluble cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) and not nicotine seem to be the primary determinant of vascular toxicity. In this respect our results from this and previous studies suggest that chronic TS exposure can overcome Nrf2 and NFκB-p65 dependent cytoprotective mechanisms of the brain microvascular endothelium possibly leading to BBB impairment and loss of BBB integrity.
Source: BMC Neuroscience - June 23, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Pooja NaikRavi SajjaShikha PrasadLuca Cucullo Source Type: research
Member states commit to reduce preventable deaths from heart disease and stroke, cancer, diabetes and lung disease.
Authors: Epstein D
PMID: 25438398 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: Central European Journal of Public Health - June 3, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Cent Eur J Public Health Source Type: research
Smoking Rates Are Down, But A Different Type Of Tobacco Use Is On The Rise
First, the good news: Smoking rates are down significantly in 26 states. The bad news? The use of smokeless tobacco (also known as dip, snuff or chew) is up in four states, while using both cigarettes and smokeless tobacco is up significantly in five states.
“Although overall cigarette smoking prevalence has declined significantly in recent years in many states, the overall use of smokeless tobacco and concurrent cigarette and smokeless tobacco has remained unchanged in most states and increased in some states,” summed up researchers for the Centers for Disease Control, which published the data in their weekly Morbid...
Source: Science - The Huffington Post - May 22, 2015 Category: Science Source Type: news
A pilot randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of a ‘lung age’ intervention on smoking cessation: study protocol
This study offers an additional intervention to improve smoking cessation rates in Singapore. It aims to reduce or delay the onset of smoking‐related chronic diseases such as coronary heart diseases and cancer, which would eventually reduce the healthcare burden in an increasingly ageing society.Trial registration number: ISRCTN15839687.
Source: Journal of Advanced Nursing - May 21, 2015 Category: Nursing Authors: Imran Muhammad, Wenqi Mok, Hai Moy Toh, Daniel Sii, Wenru Wang Tags: Protocol Source Type: research
