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Management dilemma in a rare case of pituitary apoplexy with akinetic mutism in the setting of ruptured junctional brain aneurysm: A case report and literature review
CONCLUSION: Pituitary apoplexy with ruptured A1-Acom junction aneurysm with nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma is rare, and its presentation with akinetic mutism has not been reported. As there is scarce literature suggesting an association between pituitary apoplexy and ruptured aneurysm, it is challenging to comment regarding its pathogenesis. Although akinetic mutism generally has a poor prognosis, it may respond to Levodopa with a better outcome.PMID:36751455 | PMC:PMC9899474 | DOI:10.25259/SNI_942_2022
Source: Surgical Neurology International - February 8, 2023 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Vikas Chandra Jha Mohammad Shahnawaz Alam Vivek Sharan Sinha Rahul Jain Source Type: research

Exogenous glutathione exerts a therapeutic effect in ischemic stroke rats by interacting with intrastriatal dopamine
Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2021 May 25. doi: 10.1038/s41401-021-00650-3. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWe previously showed that oral administration of exogenous glutathione (GSH) exerted a direct and/or indirect therapeutic effect on ischemic stroke rats, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In the current study, we conducted a quantitative proteomic analysis to explore the pathways mediating the therapeutic effect of GSH in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model rats. Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h followed by reperfusion. The rats were treated with GSH (250 mg/kg, ig) or levo...
Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica - May 26, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: He Wang Yi-Sha Du Wen-Shuo Xu Chang-Jian Li Hong Sun Kang-Rui Hu Yuan-Zhuo Hu Teng-Jie Yu Hui-Min Guo Lin Xie Guang-Ji Wang Yan Liang Source Type: research

Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: A Review.
CONCLUSION: PD is a heterogeneous disease that can be treated by using pharmacologic approaches (e.g., dopamine agonists and levodopa) and nonpharmacologic approaches (e.g., music), based on symptoms and progression level in patients. Even though current treatments have demonstrated effectiveness, clinical challenges remain because the BBB reduces medication received and lowers the efficacy of drug delivery, which impairs the treatment's effect. Therefore, EVs, as an emerging delivery platform, are highly promising for PD treatment since they can readily cross the BBB with high therapeutic efficiency through the loading or...
Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry - January 13, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Yang X, Ma Y, Xie H, Dong S, Rao G, Yang Z, Zhang J, Wu Q Tags: Curr Med Chem Source Type: research

A Review of Pharmacologic Neurostimulant Use During Rehabilitation and Recovery After Brain Injury.
CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacologic agent with the most supporting literature is amantadine used for cognitive improvement after TBI. Other neurostimulants with positive, despite more limited, evidence include methylphenidate, modafinil, levodopa, and citalopram. Caution is warranted with other neurostimulants given higher rates of adverse effects or lack of benefit observed in clinical trials. PMID: 33435717 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy - January 12, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kakehi S, Tompkins DM Tags: Ann Pharmacother Source Type: research

Enhanced functional recovery by levodopa is associated with decreased levels of synaptogyrin following stroke in aged mice.
This study investigates if dopamine might affect plasticity by having a direct effect on synaptic plasticity through alterations in neurotransmitter release and re-uptake. Synaptogyrin is a synaptic vesicle protein that has been suggested to be involved in dopamine re-uptake in the synaptic terminal. Therefore, we investigated if levodopa has an effect on the expression of synaptogyrin 1. Thy1-YFP mice were subjected to photothrombosis as an experimental model of stroke. Starting two days after surgery they were treated with either levodopa or a vehicle solution (saline) on a daily basis until day seven following surgery. ...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - December 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Häggman Henrikson J, Pombo Antunes AR, Wieloch T, Ruscher K Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

Characterization of Parkinson ’s disease using blood-based biomarkers: A multicohort proteomic analysis
ConclusionsIn this study, we found that the blood-based biomarkers BSP, OMD, ACY1, and GHR robustly associated with PD across multiple clinical sites. Our findings suggest that biomarkers based on a peripheral blood sample may be developed for both disease characterization and prediction of future disease progression in PD.
Source: PLoS Medicine - October 10, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Marijan Posavi Source Type: research

Dystonia and levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: Is there a connection?
Abstract Dystonia and levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are both hyperkinetic movement disorders. Dystonia arises most often spontaneously, although it may be seen after stroke, injury, or as a result of genetic causes. LID is associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), emerging as a consequence of chronic therapy with levodopa, and may be either dystonic or choreiform. LID and dystonia share important phenomenological properties and mechanisms. Both LID and dystonia are generated by an integrated circuit involving the cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus and cerebellum. They also share dysregulation of striatal choliner...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - August 20, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Calabresi P, Standaert DG Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

Pharmacological interventions and rehabilitation approach for enhancing brain self-repair and stroke recovery.
Abstract Neuroplasticity is a natural process occurring in the brain for entire life. Stroke is the leading cause of long term disability and huge medical and financial problem throughout the world. Research conducted over the past decade focused mainly on neuroprotection in the acute phase of stroke while very little studies targets chronic stage. Recovery after stroke depends on the ability of our brain to reestablish structural and functional organization of neurovascular networks. Combining adjuvant therapies and drugs may enhance the repair processes and restore impaired brain functions. Currently, there are ...
Source: Current Neuropharmacology - July 24, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Szelenberger R, Kostka J, Saluk-Bijak J, Miller E Tags: Curr Neuropharmacol Source Type: research

Safety and efficacy of co-careldopa as an add-on therapy to occupational and physical therapy in patients after stroke (DARS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Publication date: June 2019Source: The Lancet Neurology, Volume 18, Issue 6Author(s): Gary A Ford, Bipin B Bhakta, Alastair Cozens, Suzanne Hartley, Ivana Holloway, David Meads, John Pearn, Sharon Ruddock, Catherine M Sackley, Eirini-Christina Saloniki, Gillian Santorelli, Marion F Walker, Amanda J FarrinSummaryBackgroundDopamine is a key modulator of striatal function and learning and might improve motor recovery after stroke. Previous small trials of dopamine agonists after stroke provide equivocal evidence of effectiveness on improving motor recovery. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of co-careldopa plus routi...
Source: The Lancet Neurology - May 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A Kinematic Study of Progressive Micrographia in Parkinson's Disease
This study has investigated the kinematic features of progressive micrographia during a repetitive writing task. Twenty-four PD patients with duration since diagnosis of <10 years and 24 age-matched controls wrote the letter “e” repeatedly. PD patients were studied in defined off states, with scoring of motor function on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III. A digital tablet captured x-y coordinates and ink-pen pressure. Customized software recorded the data and offline analysis derived the kinematic features of pen-tip movement. The average size of the first and the last fi...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

C-Reactive Protein and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Conclusions: This meta-analysis revealed that PD is associated with an increase of CRP levels. CRP might be a risk factor for PD or PD leads to an inflammatory response. Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most complex neuro-degenerative disorders next to Alzheimer's disease. It is characterized by bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, abnormal postural, and gait (1). PD has been recognized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra pars compacta, whereas the exact etiology remains elusive (2). Previously, multiple inferences have reviewed the environmental a...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 16, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Sensory Re-weighting for Postural Control in Parkinson ’s Disease
In this study, we focused primarily on the change of sensory weighting parameters when sensory conditions change. We also tested the additional hypothesis that levodopa medication would improve sensory weighting for postural control. Materials and Methods Subjects The Institutional Review Board at Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) approved the protocol for this experiment, and all subjects gave informed consent prior to participating. Eight subjects with PD (three female) and eight healthy, age-matched controls (two female) were recruited from the Balance Disorders Laboratory database and the Parkinson’...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 16, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Safety and efficacy of recovery-promoting drugs for motor function after stroke: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials.
CONCLUSION: Candidate drug interventions promoting motor recovery post-stroke were identified, specifically selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and levodopa; however, the high risk of bias in many trials is concerning. Drugs to improve motor function remain an important area of enquiry. Future research must focus on establishing the correct drug intervention to be administered at an optimal dose and time, combined with the most effective adjuvant physical therapy to drive stroke recovery. PMID: 30805655 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine - February 27, 2019 Category: Rehabilitation Tags: J Rehabil Med Source Type: research

The efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments for post-stroke aphasia.
Conclusions Current evidence suggests that drugs can improve the prognosis of post-stroke aphasia, such as donepezil, memantine. Donepezil has a significant effect in improving the ability of auditory comprehension, naming, repetition and oral expression. Memantine has a significant effect in improving the ability of naming, spontaneous speech and repetition. Bromocriptine showed no significant improvement in the treatment of aphasia after stroke. The trial for galantamine, amphetamine and levodopa in the treatment of aphasia after stroke is limited and inconclusive. PMID: 29984673 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: CNS and Neurological Disorders Drug Targets - July 6, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Zhang X, Shu B, Zhang D, Huang L, Fu Q, Du G Tags: CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets Source Type: research

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