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Specialty: Drugs & Pharmacology
Condition: Alcoholism

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Total 60 results found since Jan 2013.

Role of Calcium Homeostasis in Ischemic Stroke: A Review.
Abstract Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide. It occurs due to the insufficient supply of oxygen-rich blood to the brain. It is a complex disease with multiple associated risk factors including smoking, alcoholism, age, sex, ethnicity, etc. Calcium ions are known to play a vital role in cell death pathways, which is a ubiquitous intracellular messenger during and immediately after an ischemic period. Disruption in normal calcium hemostasis is known to be a major initiator and activator of the ischemic cell death pathway. Under Ischemic stroke conditions, glutamate is released from the neurons...
Source: CNS and Neurological Disorders Drug Targets - February 12, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ludhiadch A, Sharma R, Muriki A, Munshi A Tags: CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets Source Type: research

Gastrointestinal Bleeding Associated With Warfarin and Rivaroxaban Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation Cases with Concomitant Coagulopathy.
CONCLUSION: The incidence of GI bleeding was lower in AF patients who received rivaroxaban compared to those treated with warfarin. Also, GI bleeding risk does not change according to the consumption of other anti-coagulant drugs and un-derlying history of hypertension or stroke in patients received rivaroxaban. Therefore, rivaroxaban is suggested as the choice of prophylaxis in patients with AF and concomitant coagulopathy. PMID: 33390152 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cardiovascular and Hematological Disorders Drug Targets - January 5, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets Source Type: research

Serum uric acid and diabetes: from pathophysiology to cardiovascular disease.
Abstract Hyperuricemia, has been traditionally related to nephrolithiasis and gout. However, it has also been associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Pathophysiologically, elevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels may be associated with abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism. In this narrative review, we consider the associations between hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Furthermore, we comment on the available evidence linking elevated SUA levels with the incidence and outcomes of coronary heart disease, stroke, per...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - January 4, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Katsiki N, Dimitriadis GD, Mikhailidis DP Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Stroke patients ’ support: evaluation of knowledge, practices and training needs of French community pharmacists
Conclusion Based on this small study, the fragmented knowledge and varied practices promote the need for further training for pharmacists to optimize support of stroke patients. This study promotes the elaboration of training systems adapted to pharmacists ’ needs. This will help support the development of a targeted pharmaceutical care approach for stroke patients.
Source: International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy - January 2, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Antidepressant Use and the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients Without Known Cardiovascular Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Conclusion: Even at low doses, TCA use was associated with MACEs during primary prevention. Longer duration of TCA use correlated with higher HR. Careful monitoring is needed with TCA use in patients with no known CVD history.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - December 10, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Neuropeptide Y3-36 incorporated into PVAX nanoparticle improves angiogenesis in a murine model of myocardial ischemia.
The objective of this study is to assess the therapeutic potential of NPY in a model of acute myocardial ischemia using a nanoparticles delivery system targeted to tissue with oxidative stress. NPY3-36 was loaded onto copolyoxalate containing vanillyl alcohol (PVAX) using a double emulsification strategy. Adult C57BL/J6 mice (n = 49) were randomly divided into PVAX-NPY3-36 (n = 22), Vehicle (Saline) (n = 16), and Sham (n = 11) groups. The ischemia to left anterior descending artery was induced in PVAX-NPY3-36 or vehicle groups. The tissue was collected at the end of two weeks after assessing the functional ...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - June 9, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Mahmood E, Bae S, Chaudhary O, Feng R, Mahmood F, Robson S, Lee D, Kang PM, Matyal R Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research

Validation of Bleeding Risk Prediction Scores for Patients With Major Bleeding on Direct Oral Anticoagulants.
Conclusion and Relevance: The HAS-BLED, HEMORR2HAGES, RIETE, and CHEST scores were found to have sufficient diagnostic accuracy for predicting risk of major bleeding in our study population; however, no score was identified as having an AUC greater than 0.7. Caution may be considered when utilizing these scores for patients on DOACs. PMID: 32517484 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy - June 8, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Tchen S, Ryba N, Patel V, Cavanaugh J, Sullivan JB Tags: Ann Pharmacother Source Type: research

Risk factors for severe bleeding events during warfarin treatment: the influence of sex, age, comorbidity and co-medication
ConclusionMost of the well-established risk factors were found to be significantly associated with bleeding events in our study. We additionally found that women had a lower incidence of bleeding. Potential biases are selection effects, residual confounding and unmeasured frailty.
Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology - March 27, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Protective effect of 4-Methoxy benzyl alcohol on the neurovascular unit after cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury
Conclusion4-MA can play the role of anti-ischemic stroke drug by ameliorating the microenvironment of NVUs while its neuroprotective effects will contribute towards the inhibition of the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities.
Source: Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy - August 30, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Genetics of hyperhomocysteinemia and 1-carbon metabolism: implications for retinal structure and eye functions.
Abstract Homocysteine (Hcy); a sulfur-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid is generated as a metabolic intermediate. Hcy constitutes an important part of the "1-carbon metabolism" during methionine turnover. Elevated levels of Hcy known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) results from vitamin B deficiency, lack of exercise, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, high fat and methionine rich diet, and the underlying genetic defects. These factors directly affect the "1-carbon metabolism (methionine-Hcy-folate)" of a given cell. In fact, the Hcy levels are determined primarily by dietary intake, vitamin status, and the ge...
Source: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology - July 31, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: George AK, Majumder A, Ice H, Homme RP, Eyob W, Tyagi SC, Singh M Tags: Can J Physiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Apelin-13 Suppresses Neuroinflammation Against Cognitive Deficit in a Streptozotocin-Induced Rat Model of Alzheimer ’s Disease Through Activation of BDNF-TrkB Signaling Pathway
Conclusion The data in this manuscript demonstrates that apelin-13 upregulates BDNF against STZ-induced congnitive impairment by suppressing glial cell activity and inflammatory factors release. This suggests apelin signaling may be a new target in the treatment of AD. Ethics Statement All experimental protocols were carried out according to the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals approved by the Central South University at XiangYa Animal Care and Use Committee. Author Contributions XqQ and LH conceived the study and contributed to its experimental design. HqL carried out the...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 15, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Connecting Metainflammation and Neuroinflammation Through the PTN-MK-RPTP β/ζ Axis: Relevance in Therapeutic Development
Conclusion The expression of the components of the PTN-MK-RPTPβ/ζ axis in immune cells and in inflammatory diseases suggests important roles for this axis in inflammation. Pleiotrophin has been recently identified as a limiting factor of metainflammation, a chronic pathological state that contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Pleiotrophin also seems to potentiate acute neuroinflammation independently of the inflammatory stimulus while MK seems to play different -even opposite- roles in acute neuroinflammation depending on the stimulus. Which are the functions of MK and PTN in chronic neuroi...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Plant-Derived Alkaloids: The Promising Disease-Modifying Agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Conclusion This paper summarizes the current findings regarding the anti-colitis activity of plant-derived alkaloids and shows how these alkaloids exhibit significant and beneficial effects in alleviating colonic inflammation. These natural alkaloids are not only promising agents for IBD treatment but are also components for developing new wonder drugs. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms or toxicological evaluation of most plant-derived alkaloids still require much scientific research, and their actual efficacies for IBD patients have not been verified well in field research. Thus, further clinical trials to elu...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Using 3D-UPLC-DAD and a new method-verification by adding mixture standard compounds to determine the fingerprint and eight active components of Naoluoxintong decoction
In this study, we developed a comprehensive and reliable analytical method to qualitatively analyze the components in NLXTD. This novel method was based on three-dimensional ultra-fast high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (3D-UPLC-DAD) with an additional component validation method via incorporation of the mixture standard compounds during the verification step. In addition, the relationship between active components and “Monarch drug, Minster drug, Assistant drug, Guide drug” were determined. Our results showed that gradient elution with the mobile phase of 0.02% formic acid and met...
Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis - February 22, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Botulinum Toxin Type A for the Treatment of Lower Limb Spasticity after Stroke
AbstractPost-stroke lower limb spasticity impairs balance and gait leading to reduced walking speed, often increasing wheelchair use and caregiver burden. Several studies have shown that appropriate treatments for lower limb spasticity after stroke include injections of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), phenol or alcohol, surgical correction and a rehabilitation program. In the present article, we review the safety and effectiveness of BoNT-A for the treatment of lower limb spasticity after stroke, with a focus on higher doses of BoNT-A. The cumulative body of evidence coming from the randomized clinical trials and open-lab...
Source: Drugs - January 8, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research