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Resolution of Cerebral Inflammation Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
ConclusionsBy the herein presented molecular and histological data we provide an important indication for an incomplete resolution of inflammation within the brain parenchyma after SAH. Inflammatory resolution and the return to tissue homeostasis represent an important contribution to the disease ’s pathology influencing the impact on brain damage and outcome after SAH. Therefore, we consider a novel complementary or even superior therapeutic approach that should be carefully rethought in the management of cerebral inflammation after SAH. An acceleration of the resolution phase at the cell ular and molecular levels could...
Source: Neurocritical Care - June 22, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Alpha-Asarone Ameliorates Neurological Dysfunction of Subarachnoid Hemorrhagic Rats in Both Acute and Recovery Phases via Regulating the CaMKII-Dependent Pathways
AbstractEarly brain injury (EBI) is the leading cause of poor prognosis for patients suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), particularly learning and memory deficits in the repair phase. A recent report has involved calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the pathophysiological process underlying SAH-induced EBI. Alpha-asarone (ASA), a major compound isolated from the Chinese medicinal herbAcorus tatarinowii Schott, was proven to reduce secondary brain injury by decreasing CaMKII over-phosphorylation in rats ’ model of intracerebral hemorrhage in our previous report. However, the effect of ASA o...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cannabidiol's Multifactorial Mechanisms Has Therapeutic Potential for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: a Review
Transl Stroke Res. 2022 Sep 15. doi: 10.1007/s12975-022-01080-x. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a major health burden that accounts for approximately 5% of all strokes. The most common cause of a non-traumatic SAH is the rupture of a cerebral aneurysm. The most common symptom associated with SAH is a headache, often described as "the worst headache of my life." Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a major factor associated with patient mortality following SAH and is often associated with SAH-induced cerebral vasospasm (CV). Cannabidiol (CBD) is emerging as a potential drug for many therapeutic...
Source: Cell Research - September 15, 2022 Category: Cytology Authors: Nicholas Henry Justin F Fraser Joseph Chappell Tamra Langley Jill M Roberts Source Type: research

Cannabidiol ’s Multifactorial Mechanisms Has Therapeutic Potential for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: a Review
AbstractSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a major health burden that accounts for approximately 5% of all strokes. The most common cause of a non-traumatic SAH is the rupture of a cerebral aneurysm. The most common symptom associated with SAH is a headache, often described as “the worst headache of my life.” Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a major factor associated with patient mortality following SAH and is often associated with SAH-induced cerebral vasospasm (CV). Cannabidiol (CBD) is emerging as a potential drug for many therapeutic purposes, including epilepsy , anxiety, and pain relief. We aim to review the pote...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 15, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The Current Role of Clevidipine in the Management of Hypertension
AbstractAcute hypertension, which may damage blood vessels, causes irreversible organ damage to the vasculature, central nervous system, kidney, and heart. Clevidipine, the first third-generation calcium channel antagonist approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the past 20 years, is an ultra-short-acting calcium channel blocker that inhibits L-type calcium channels with high clearance and low distribution, can be rapidly metabolized into the corresponding inactive acid, and is rapidly hydrolyzed into inactive metabolites by esterase in arterial blood. Clevidipine is the same as nicardipine in that the main p...
Source: American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs - September 2, 2021 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Preconditioning Exercise in Rats Attenuates Early Brain Injury Resulting from Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Neuronal Apoptosis
AbstractSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a catastrophic form of stroke responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal apoptosis are important in the pathogenesis of early brain injury (EBI) following SAH. Preconditioning exercise confers neuroprotective effects, mitigating EBI; however, the basis for such protection is unknown. We investigated the effects of preconditioning exercise on brain damage and sensorimotor function after SAH. Male rats were assigned to either a sham-operated (Sham) group, exercise (Ex) group, or no-exercise (No-Ex) group. After a 3-week exercise p...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - August 9, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine: Update on Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome
ConclusionRCVS can now be accurately diagnosed using clinical and imaging features available upon presentation. Advances in knowledge about the risk factors, prognosis, and potential harmful effects of certain therapeutic strategies, are expected to optimize the management of this increasingly well recognized syndrome.
Source: Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine - July 13, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Review on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome in Children and Adolescents
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1702942Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a clinical–radiologic diagnosis that affects children and adolescents, but it is much more frequently reported in adults. Clinically, patients present with severe and commonly recurrent thunderclap headaches. Typical precipitating triggers include vasoactive substances, serotonergic agents, and the postpartum period. There may be associated neurologic complications at presentation or in the weeks following, such as convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke, cerebral edema, cervical artery dissection (CeAD), and seizures. Angio...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - February 19, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Qubty, William Irwin, Samantha Lee Fox, Christine K. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Nimodipine Reappraised: An Old Drug With a Future.
Abstract Nimodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that blocks the flux of extracellular calcium through L-type, voltage-gated calcium channels. While nimodipine is FDA-approved for the prevention and treatment of neurological deficits in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), it affects myriad cell types throughout the body, and thus, likely has more complex mechanisms of action than simple inhibition of cerebral vasoconstriction. Newer understanding of the pathophysiology of delayed ischemic injury after a variety of acute neurologic injuries including aSAH, traumatic brain inj...
Source: Current Neuropharmacology - September 26, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Carlson AP, Hänggi D, Macdonald RL, Shuttleworth CW Tags: Curr Neuropharmacol Source Type: research

Cryptotanshinone Attenuates Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/ Recovery-Induced Injury in an in vitro Model of Neurovascular Unit
Conclusions Despite the above limitations, we indicate that the protective mechanism of CTs against OGD/R damage might exert via inhibiting neuron apoptosis and attenuating BBB disruption. Furthermore, we also clarified that CTs inhibited neuronal apoptosis possibly by blocking the activation of MAPK signaling pathways, and CTs alleviating BBB disruption may associated with the regulation of TJPs and MMP-9 in our experiment. Accordingly, CTs will represent a novel and potent candidate for the treatment of CIRI in the future. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of China�...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 17, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Effect of Inflammation on the Process of Stroke Rehabilitation and Poststroke Depression
Conclusions Stroke comprises ischemic stroke and ICH. The immuno-inflammatory process is involved in neural plasticity following events such as a hemorrhage or ischemic stroke. After ischemia, astrocytes, microglia, and MDMs play important roles during rehabilitation with the modulation of cytokines or chemokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1. Moreover, MiRNAs are also important posttranscriptional regulators in these glial mitochondrial responses to cerebral ischemia. ICH involves processes similar and different to those seen in ischemia, including neuronal injury, astrocytic and microglial/macrophage activation, and n...
Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry - April 10, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

White Matter Injury in Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.
Abstract Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a major cause of high morbidity, disability, and mortality in the field of neurovascular disease. Most previous SAH studies have focused on improving cerebral blood flow, reducing cerebral vasospasm, reducing neuronal calcium overload, and other treatments. While these studies showed exciting findings in basic science, therapeutic strategies based on the findings have not significantly improved neurological outcomes in patients with SAH. Currently, the only drug proven to effectively reduce the neurological defects of SAH patients is nimodipine. Current advances in imaging...
Source: Cell Transplantation - November 16, 2018 Category: Cytology Authors: Pang J, Peng J, Yang P, Kuai L, Chen L, Zhang JH, Jiang Y Tags: Cell Transplant Source Type: research

Dihydrolipoic Acid Inhibits Lysosomal Rupture and NLRP3 Through Lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein-1/Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II/TAK1 Pathways After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rat Basic Sciences
Conclusions—DHLA treatment improved neurofunction and alleviated inflammation through the lysosome-associated membrane protein-1/CaMKII/TAK1 pathway in early brain injury after SAH. DHLA may provide a promising treatment to alleviate early brain injury after SAH.
Source: Stroke - December 22, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Keren Zhou, Budbazar Enkhjargal, Zhiyi Xie, Chengmei Sun, Lingyun Wu, Jay Malaguit, Sheng Chen, Jiping Tang, Jianmin Zhang, John H. Zhang Tags: Animal Models of Human Disease, Basic Science Research, Inflammation, Ischemia, Mechanisms Original Contributions Source Type: research