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Advanced Electroanatomic Mapping: Current and Emerging Approaches
AbstractPurpose of reviewContemporary ablation for complex arrhythmias raises several challenges for electroanatomic mapping. We examine how current and emerging systems may meet these challenges, and we outline major unmet needs.Recent findingsThe latest versions of the 3 major systems (Carto ™, Ensite X™, and Rhythmia™) all construct near real-time maps of cardiac anatomy, which can be registered to tomographic images that integrate thousands of electrical points from high-resolution catheters to create activation maps, and display voltage, proprietary features, and ablation lesio n locations. While these systems h...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine - February 27, 2024 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Mitigating Bias in Clinical Machine Learning Models
AbstractPurpose of reviewIdentifying the risk for and addressing bias in clinical machine learning models is essential to reap its full benefits and ensure health equity. We provide a review of the machine learning landscape in clinical medicine, highlight ethical concerns with a particular focus on algorithmic bias, and offer a framework for mitigating bias.Recent findingsMachine learning, the computational framework that supports artificial intelligence, now plays a significant role in everyday life and its potential role in clinical medicine continues to increase exponentially. Multiple machine learning models have demo...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine - February 10, 2024 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Program Building in Cardio-oncology: Bridging Existing Care Gaps to Improve Cardiovascular and Cancer Outcomes
AbstractPurpose of the reviewWe aim to elaborate on the fundamentals of cardio-oncology-programs (COP) building, existing challenges, and future directions to expand access to COPs and improve outcomes.Recent findingsWorldwide, the number of COPs is growing. Strategic planning, qualified staff, well-equipped infrastructures, patient-centered focus, and academia are optimal elements for building and sustaining a COP. Alternative models leveraging existing resources are feasible for a larger number of institutions in the community and can achieve essential care metrics. Furthermore, advocacy, research, and education can play...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine - January 23, 2024 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
The Use of Pre- and Peri-Procedural Imaging During VT Ablation
AbstractPurpose of reviewVentricular arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), and premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), may occur in structurally normal hearts and in the context of structural heart disease. In those patients with recurrent arrhythmias despite medical therapy, catheter ablation may be considered. To successfully suppress ventricular arrhythmias, an understanding of the substrate for the arrhythmias is crucial.Recent findingsAdvances in cross-sectional imaging used prior to VT ablation permit accurate localisation of fibrosis that represents the substrate for VT,...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine - January 12, 2024 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Current Percutaneous Approaches to Treat Mitral Valve Regurgitation
AbstractPurpose of reviewIn recent years, our understanding of mitral regurgitation and its management has evolved substantially. In particular, as percutaneous mitral valve interventions have proven safe and effective, it has become possible to offer expanded therapeutic options to patients who are deemed inoperable or at high surgical risk. This review provides an overview of currently available transcatheter mitral valve interventions and summarizes recently published findings that may allow for better risk stratification, patient selection, and procedural safety and efficacy.Recent findingsIn the last 1 –2 years, nu...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine - January 3, 2024 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Moving Beyond Cardiotoxicity Detection to Prevention: A Pharmacologic Review
AbstractPurpose of reviewCardio-oncology is a subspecialty of medicine focused on minimizing the risk of cardiovascular (CV) toxicity in patients receiving potentially cardiotoxic cancer therapy. While the literature has previously focused on detection of CV toxicity, there has been growing interest in primary prevention strategies for cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR-CVT).Recent findingsSeveral trials have investigated the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and/or beta-blockers with mixed results, prompting researchers to assess alternatives, e....
Source: Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine - January 2, 2024 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Utilization: A Contemporary Review
AbstractPurpose of reviewSudden cardiac arrest is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite having a disproportionate burden of sudden cardiac death (SCD), rates of primary and secondary prevention of SCD with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy are lower among eligible racially minoritized patients. This review highlights the racial and ethnic disparities in ICD utilization, associated barriers to ICD care, and proposed interventions to improve equitable ICD uptake.Recent findingsRacially minoritized populations are disproportionately eligible for ICD therapy but are less likely to see cardi...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine - December 20, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Immunotherapy-Associated Atherosclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Findings and Implications for Future Research
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewEven as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the lifespan of many patients, they may also trigger acceleration of long-term cardiovascular disease. Our review aims to examine the current landscape of research on ICI-mediated atherosclerosis and address key questions regarding its pathogenesis and impact on patient management.Recent FindingsPreclinical mouse models suggest that T cell dysregulation and proatherogenic cytokine production are key contributors to plaque development after checkpoint inhibition. Clinical data also highlight the significant burden of atherosclerotic ca...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine - December 15, 2023 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research