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Condition: Dementia
Procedure: Perfusion

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Total 107 results found since Jan 2013.

127 Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Profile in People with Mild Cognitive Symptoms Attending a Memory Service - an Opportunity to Promote Brain Health
ConclusionThis study highlights the high prevalence of unidentified or poorly controlled VRF in people with mild cognitive symptoms attending a memory service. Given its importance to brain health and mitigation of future cognitive decline, a structured focus on identifying and managing these VRF in this setting is necessary. Exercise-based lifestyle programs should be embedded in post-diagnostic services for this population.
Source: Age and Ageing - September 16, 2019 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

Alzheimer's dementia: pathogenesis and impact of cardiovascular risk factors on cognitive decline.
Authors: Wanleenuwat P, Iwanowski P, Kozubski W Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia manifesting as alterations in cognitive abilities, behavior and deterioration in memory which is progressive, leading to gradual worsening of symptoms. Major pathological features of AD are accumulations of neuronal amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, with early lesions appearing primarily in the hippocampus, the area of the brain involved in memory and learning. Cardiovascular related risk factors are believed to play a crucial role in disease development and the acceleration of cognitive ...
Source: Postgraduate Medicine - August 21, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Postgrad Med Source Type: research

Potential Applications of Remote Limb Ischemic Conditioning for Chronic Cerebral Circulation Insufficiency
Conclusion Due to its long-term and often invisible course, CCCI has received less attention than acute cerebral ischemic stroke. However, without appropriate intervention, CCCI may lead to a variety of adverse events. Because the pathophysiological changes associated with CCCI are complex, pharmacological research in this area has been disappointing. Recent research suggests that RLIC, which is less invasive and more well-tolerated than drug treatment, can activate endogenous protective mechanisms during CCCI. In the present report, we reviewed studies related to CCCI (Table 1), as well as those related to stroke and sta...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - May 2, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Characterizing the Penumbras of White Matter Hyperintensities and Their Associations With Cognitive Function in Patients With Subcortical Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment
Conclusion In this study, reduced CBF and FA and increased MD in the inner NAWM layers for both PVWMH and DWMH suggested extensive WM alterations beyond the visible WM lesions commonly observed on clinical MRI of svMCI subjects. CBF penumbras cover more extensive WM at risk than DTI penumbras, suggesting the likelihood that compromised CBF precedes white matter integrity changes, and CBF penumbras may be a potential target for the prevention of further microstructural white matter damage. The imaging parameters investigated, however, did not correlate to cognition. Author Contributions YZ, QX, and XG conceived and desig...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 11, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Fool Me Once: An Uncommon Presentation of PE
​BY FREDDIE IRIZARRY-DELGADO; VAROON KAKAIYA; & AHMED RAZIUDDIN, MDAn 86-year-old African-American woman was brought to the ED by her daughter after two days of nutritional neglect, abdominal pain, and altered mental status. Her daughter said her mother felt lightheaded, appeared dehydrated, and vomited nonbilious watery fluid once. The patient had a history of diabetes mellitus type 2, DVT/PE, dementia, and early signs of parkinsonism.Her vital signs were remarkable only for tachypnea (24 bpm). Her troponin I was markedly elevated at 1.7 ng/mL. A D-dimer was ordered because of her history of unprovoked DVT/PE, and i...
Source: The Case Files - November 27, 2018 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Blog Posts Source Type: research

Cerebral Haemodynamics: Effects of Systemic Arterial Pulsatile Function and Hypertension
AbstractPurpose of ReviewConcepts of pulsatile arterial haemodynamics, including relationships between oscillatory blood pressure and flow in systemic arteries, arterial stiffness and wave propagation phenomena have provided basic understanding of underlying haemodynamic mechanisms associated with elevated arterial blood pressure as a major factor of cardiovascular risk, particularly the deleterious effects of isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly. This topical review assesses the effects of pulsatility of blood pressure and flow in the systemic arteries on the brain. The review builds on the emerging notion of the...
Source: Current Hypertension Reports - March 19, 2018 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research

Neurologic attack and dynamic perfusion abnormality in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease
Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by eosinophilic hyaline intranuclear inclusions in cells in the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous system and visceral organs. Although clinical diagnosis was difficult until recently, an increasing number of adult cases of leukoencephalopathy have been diagnosed antemortem with NIID based on the characteristic hyperintensity in the corticomedullary junction on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and confirmatory skin biopsy.1 While adult-onset NIID is characterized by slowly progressive dementia, it may also present with acute...
Source: Neurology Clinical Practice - December 11, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Fujita, K., Osaki, Y., Miyamoto, R., Shimatani, Y., Abe, T., Sumikura, H., Murayama, S., Izumi, Y., Kaji, R. Tags: MRI, SPECT, DWI, All Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Case Source Type: research

Endothelial Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mediates Parenchymal Arteriole and Posterior Cerebral Artery Remodeling During Angiotensin II-Induced HypertensionNovelty and Significance Brain
The brain is highly susceptible to injury caused by hypertension because the increased blood pressure causes artery remodeling that can limit cerebral perfusion. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonism prevents hypertensive cerebral artery remodeling, but the vascular cell types involved have not been defined. In the periphery, the endothelial MR mediates hypertension-induced vascular injury, but cerebral and peripheral arteries are anatomically distinct; thus, these findings cannot be extrapolated to the brain. The parenchymal arterioles determine cerebrovascular resistance. Determining the effects of hypertension and ...
Source: Hypertension - November 8, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Janice M. Diaz-Otero, Courtney Fisher, Kelsey Downs, M. Elizabeth Moss, Iris Z. Jaffe, William F. Jackson, Anne M. Dorrance Tags: Hypertension, Vascular Disease Original Articles Source Type: research

Cerebral Perfusion and the Risk of Dementia: A Population-Based Study.
Conclusions -Cerebral hypoperfusion is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and an increased risk of dementia in the general population. PMID: 28588075 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Circulation - June 6, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wolters FJ, Zonneveld HI, Hofman A, van der Lugt A, Koudstaal PJ, Vernooij MW, Ikram MA, Heart-Brain Connection Collaborative Research Group Tags: Circulation Source Type: research

A review of the evidence of zolpidem efficacy in neurological disability after brain damage due to stroke, trauma and hypoxia: A justification of further clinical trials.
Authors: Sutton JA, Clauss RP Abstract During 15 years, 23 clinical reports and 6 studies have demonstrated associations between sub-sedative doses of zolpidem and recoveries from brain damage due to strokes, trauma and hypoxia. Clinical findings include unexpected awakenings from vegetative states and regressions of stroke symptoms after dosing that disappear during elimination and reappear on repeat dosing. Initially single-photon emission computed tomography scans showed improved perfusion within, around and distant from infarctions. Then positron emission tomography scans and electroencephalography detected ren...
Source: Brain Injury - May 24, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Inj Source Type: research

Chronic Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption: a case report (P3.275)
Conclusions:WMH-associated BBB disruption maybe exacerbated by acute stroke, and can persist for months after the initial event, as manifest on BBB permeability imaging. These findings may offer insight into the pathophysiology of vascular dementia.Disclosure: Dr. Naqvi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hitomi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Leigh has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Naqvi, I., Hitomi, E., Leigh, R. Tags: Cerebrovascular Disease Case Reports II Source Type: research

Antihypertensive withdrawal for the prevention of cognitive decline.
CONCLUSIONS: The effects of withdrawing antihypertensive medications on cognition or prevention of dementia are uncertain. There was a signal of a positive effect in one study looking at withdrawal after acute stroke but these results are unlikely to be generalisable to non-stroke settings and were not a primary outcome of the study. Withdrawing antihypertensive drugs was associated with increased blood pressure. It is unlikely to increase mortality at three to four months' follow-up, although there was a signal from one large study looking at withdrawal after stroke that withdrawal was associated an increase in cardiovasc...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - October 31, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Jongstra S, Harrison JK, Quinn TJ, Richard E Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

E-095 Early Hyperglycemia Predicts Poor Outcome Despite Successful Stroke Thrombectomy
ConclusionsIn selected stroke patients with successful endovascular reperfusion, early hyperglycemia may be independently associated with poor outcome and mortality over other medical co-morbidities. Further prospective study confirming this effect may further develop treatment strategies to prevent this injury.DisclosuresK. Dezse: None. S. Bajgur: None. A. Harrison: None. J. Mejilla: None. W. Hicks: None. T. Davis: None. P. Pema: None. R. Budzik: None. N. Vora: 2; C; Medtronic Neurovascular, Microvention Neurovascular. 3; C; Medtronic Neurovascular.
Source: Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery - July 28, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Dezse, K., Bajgur, S., Harrison, A., Mejilla, J., Hicks, W., Davis, T., Pema, P., Budzik, R., Vora, N. Tags: Electronic poster abstracts Source Type: research

Atrial Fibrillation and Cognitive Decline
Atrial fibrillation is associated with cognitive impairment ranging from mild to overt dementia, and this association is independent of clinical stroke and multiple shared risk factors. Whether the use of the novel anticoagulants will offer greater protection than warfarin remains to be determined. Rate control strategies may improve brain perfusion and memory but this has not been studied in a randomized controlled trial. Overall, this is a novel field that requires multiple observational studies with long-term follow-up and large-scale randomized controlled trials with accurate neurocognitive testing and brain imaging to...
Source: Cardiology Clinics - April 30, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Shadi Kalantarian, Jeremy N. Ruskin Source Type: research

Risk Factors for Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Patients with Chronic Cerebrovascular Disease Presenting with Acute Stroke (P2.245)
Conclusions: These findings suggest that cWMD caused by chronic hypertension may have a different underlying pathophysiology than cWMD that is associated with aging.Disclosure: Dr. Gupta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Luby has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nadareishvili has nothing to disclose. Dr. Benson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hsia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lynch has nothing to disclose. Dr. Leigh has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 3, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Gupta, N., Luby, M., Nadareishvili, Z., Benson, R., Hsia, A., Lynch, J., Leigh, R. Tags: Aging and Dementia: Other Source Type: research