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Advancements in the Treatment of Cerebrovascular Complications of Cancer
AbstractPurpose of reviewTo present the new guidelines and therapeutic options regarding cerebrovascular complications of cancer, mainly ischemic stroke, cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC).Recent findingsA temporal trend study (2019) revealed that clinicians are still reluctant to apply thrombolysis to cancer patients, although two new studies (2018) reported no increased mortality. Several clinical trials on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) showed their superiority or, at least, non-inferiority compared with low molecular weight heparins in the treatment of venous thromboembolism (...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - April 29, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Carotid Sparing Conformal Radiotherapy for Early Larynx Cancer
Parallel opposed lateral (POL) portals have been adopted as the mainstay radiation therapy technique for early-stage carcinoma of the glottis. Although the use of POL has been associated with excellent control rates and tolerability, the partial inclusion of carotid arteries (CAs) in the high dose regions of the fields has been shown to lead to an increased long-term risk of carotid stenosis and hemorrhagic stroke. Many researchers have proposed the utilization of three-dimension conformal therapy (3DCRT) or Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) as viable carotid-sparing techniques via reductions to the mean and max...
Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics - March 12, 2020 Category: Radiology Authors: N.S. Kalman, J. Laher, B. Zholendz Tags: Toxicity, Quality of Life, Survivorship, Costs of Care Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 616: Radiotherapy Is Associated with an Accelerated Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Oral Cavity Cancer Survivors after Primary Surgery
In conclusion, radiotherapy increased the risk of ischemic stroke by 68% and also accelerated the onset of stroke in long-term OCC survivors after primary surgery compared with matched normal controls. Secondary prevention should include stroke as a late complication in OCC survivorship programs.
Source: Cancers - March 5, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Feng-Che Kuan Kuan-Der Lee Shiang-Fu Huang Ping-Tsung Chen Cih-En Huang Ting-Yao Wang Min-Chi Chen Tags: Article Source Type: research

SIR highlights use of percutaneous ablation for RCC
Some patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can be effectively treated nonsurgically...Read more on AuntMinnie.comRelated Reading: SIR aims for more awareness of interventional radiology SIR taps Findeiss as new president SIR: Virtual reality beats fluoroscopy for catheter placement SIR: 'OK, Google -- scrub up!' SIR: Stroke treatment training program improves outcomes
Source: AuntMinnie.com Headlines - February 5, 2020 Category: Radiology Source Type: news

One-year prognosis of non-traumatic cortical subarachnoid haemorrhage: a prospective series of 34 patients
ConclusionsThe most frequent causes of cSAH in our series were cerebral amyloid angiopathy, ischaemic stroke, and vasculitis. This type of haemorrhage has a worse prognosis than other non-aneurysmal cSAH. There are numerous possible causes, and prognosis depends on the aetiology. In elderly patients, intracranial haemorrhage is frequently associated with cognitive impairment.ResumenIntroducciónLas hemorragias subaracnoideas corticales (HSAc) tienen numerosas etiologías. No hay estudios prospectivos que indiquen su evolución a largo plazo. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las características clínicas y etiológ...
Source: Neurologia - November 5, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

439OA first in human, phase I trial of NP137, a first-in-class antibody targeting netrin-1, in patients with advanced refractory solid tumors
ConclusionsNP137 was well-tolerated, with mild to moderate IRR as the most frequent treatment-related AEs and showed encouraging signs of clinical activity. Updated data will be presented at the meeting.Clinical trial identificationNCT02977195.Legal entity responsible for the studyCentre L éon Bérard.FundingNetris Pharma.DisclosureP. Cassier: Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (self), Research grant / Funding (institution), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: AstraZeneca; Research grant / Funding (institution), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: BMS; Research grant / Funding (institution), Travel / Accommodation /...
Source: Annals of Oncology - October 1, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Accelerated Risk of Premature Ischemic Stroke in 5‐Year Survivors of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Conclusion.Not only was the stroke risk in NPC survivors higher than that in the general population, but the onset age was also 10 years earlier. Future survivorship care should include ischemic stroke as a late complication, for its proper prevention and management.Implications for Practice.Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is endemic in Taiwan, and its 5‐year survival is 65.2%. With the increased 5‐year cancer survivors, survivorship has become an important issue. However, research on NPC survivorship is very rare. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first population‐based study on long‐term NPC survivors. This...
Source: The Oncologist - September 10, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Min-Chi Chen, Feng-Che Kuan, Shiang-Fu Huang, Chang-Hsien Lu, Ping-Tsung Chen, Cih-En Huang, Ting-Yao Wang, Chih-Cheng Chen, Kuan-Der Lee Tags: Head and Neck Cancers, Health Outcomes and Economics of Cancer Care Source Type: research

Interruption of platelets and thrombin function as a new approach against liver fibrosis induced experimentally in rats
In conclusion, activation of coagulation cascade is a triggering stimulus in the initiation of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and the anticoagulant drugs may exert promising anti-fibrotic effect.Graphical abstract
Source: Life Sciences - June 1, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Management of Radiation Induced Carotid Stenosis in Head and Neck Cancer.
CONCLUSION: RT in patients with HNSCC holds a significant risk factor of developing carotid artery stenosis and cerebrovascular events. Carotid stenting is preferable mode of treatment for radiation-induced stenosis. A screening program with doppler ultrasonography enables pre-stroke detection of carotid stenosis. PMID: 31146165 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Translational Oncology - May 26, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Trojanowski P, Sojka M, Trojanowska A, Wolski A, Roman T, Jargiello T Tags: Transl Oncol Source Type: research

Sex Difference of Radiation Response in Occupational and Accidental Exposure
Conclusion and Outlook This review summarizes the data from major human studies on the health risks of radiation exposure and shows that sex can potentially influence the prolonged response to radiation exposure (Figure 1 and Tables 1, 2). These data suggest that long-term radiosensitivity in females is higher than that in males who receive a comparable dose of radiation. Our analysis of the literature agrees with the conclusions of the recent report on the Biological effects of ionizing radiation (BEIR VII) published in 2006 by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), United States (National Research Council, 2006). The B...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - May 2, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

NAMPT as a Dedifferentiation-Inducer Gene: NAD+ as Core Axis for Glioma Cancer Stem-Like Cells Maintenance
Conclusion and Perspectives Gliomas are the most prevalent primary brain cancer in adults and include a broad category of tumors including astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and GBM. Regardless of tumor aggressiveness, malignancy, and infiltration, these glia-derived tumors rarely exceed a median survival time of 12–14 months. Driven by the infiltrative nature of these tumors, the clinical approach is difficult and relapses often occur with fatal consequences. These unsuccessful attempts to control glioma's fate have fostered research looking for more effective therapies. (GSCs) are a small subset of CD133&#...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - May 2, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

A Genetic Variant of miR-34a Contributes to Susceptibility of Ischemic Stroke Among Chinese Population
This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81560552, 81260234), Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (CN) (2017JJA180826), Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education (CN) (201601009) and Key Laboratory Open Project Fund of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (CN) (kfkt20160064). Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Supplementary Material The Supplementary Material for this article can be fou...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Pentraxin 3 in Cardiovascular Disease
Giuseppe Ristagno1*, Francesca Fumagalli1, Barbara Bottazzi2, Alberto Mantovani2,3,4, Davide Olivari1, Deborah Novelli1 and Roberto Latini1 1Department of Cardiovascular Research, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy 2Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Milan, Italy 3Humanitas University, Milan, Italy 4The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom The long pentraxin PTX3 is a member of the pentraxin family produced locally by stromal and myeloid cells in response to proinflammatory signals and microbial moieties. The p...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 16, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Connecting Metainflammation and Neuroinflammation Through the PTN-MK-RPTP β/ζ Axis: Relevance in Therapeutic Development
Conclusion The expression of the components of the PTN-MK-RPTPβ/ζ axis in immune cells and in inflammatory diseases suggests important roles for this axis in inflammation. Pleiotrophin has been recently identified as a limiting factor of metainflammation, a chronic pathological state that contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Pleiotrophin also seems to potentiate acute neuroinflammation independently of the inflammatory stimulus while MK seems to play different -even opposite- roles in acute neuroinflammation depending on the stimulus. Which are the functions of MK and PTN in chronic neuroi...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Role of TREK-1 in Health and Disease, Focus on the Central Nervous System
Conclusion and Perspectives Since their cloning 20 years ago, the physiological importance of TREK-1 channels has continued to grow (Figure 3). Today, TREK-1 channels have been shown to be important and their presence is essential in a number of physiopathological processes. Their involvement in these different processes demonstrate the necessity to design pharmacological modulators, activators or inhibitors, of these channels to correct any TREK-1-related dysfunctions. Despites a number of studies and many molecule screenings, only few putative new drugs were identified. The activators belonging to the ML and BL series ...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 10, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research