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Total 198 results found since Jan 2013.

Vitamin D and vascular disease.
Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency has been identified as a potential risk factor for a number of diseases unrelated to the classical skeletal pathophysiology, such as cancer and CVD, but the effects of vitamin D supplementation are less clear. Purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the evidence suggesting an association between vitamin D status and CVD as well as the results of supplementation studies. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with CVD risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus as well...
Source: Current Vascular Pharmacology - March 16, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Gouni-Berthold I, Berthold HK Tags: Curr Vasc Pharmacol Source Type: research

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Adverse Effects of Levonorgestrel Emergency Oral Contraceptive
ConclusionsThe most common adverse effects of levonorgestrel were not serious. This systematic review shows that data regarding the adverse reactions of repeated use of levonorgestrel are scarce. Studies on the multiple uses of levonorgestrel emergency contraception are still required to ensure its safety.
Source: Clinical Drug Investigation - March 10, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Affinity, binding kinetics and functional characterization of draflazine analogues for human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 (SLC29A1).
In conclusion, our research shows that high affinity ENT1 inhibitors show a large variation in residence times at this transport protein. As a consequence, incorporation of binding kinetic parameters adds to the design criteria and may thus result in a different lead compound selection. Taken together, this kinetic approach could inspire future drug discovery in the field of ENT1 and membrane transport proteins in general. PMID: 31830468 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - December 8, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Vlachodimou A, Konstantinopoulou K, IJzerman AP, Heitman LH Tags: Biochem Pharmacol Source Type: research

Statins: Complex outcomes but increasingly helpful treatment options for patients.
Abstract Statins are long known class of medicines and the most frequently prescribed drugs in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, widely ordered not only in patients suffering from dyslipidemia, but also in patients with coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndromes, diabetes mellitus, stroke, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease, with or without coexisting dyslipidemia. However, several clinical trials have shown, that the advantages of statins goes beyond their reduction of the cholesterol level. Some crucial isoprenoid mediators which are highly essential for the activation of different intracellular/signa...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - September 26, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Mohammadkhani N, Gharbi S, Fatima H, Farzaneh A, Mahjoob G, Hoseinsalari A, Korsching E Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research

Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants: Overview of Systematic Reviews
AbstractDirect oral anticoagulants are now recommended by major guidelines as first-choice agents for both stroke prevention in non-valvular atrial fibrillation and treatment/prevention of venous thromboembolism in non-cancer patients. Although there are no published head-to-head trials comparing different direct oral anticoagulants, a growing body of evidence from indirect comparisons and observational studies is suggesting that each direct oral anticoagulant may have a specific risk profile. This review aims to (1) synthesize and critically assess the latest evidence in comparative effectiveness and safety research in th...
Source: Drug Safety - September 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Utilization of oral anticoagulants in Korean nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients
Conclusions The presence of comorbidities was linked to NOAC use over vitamin K antagonist, which is different from prescription factor studies in other countries and requires further study.
Source: International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy - September 13, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Possible involvement of metformin in downregulation of neuroinflammation and associated behavioural changes in mice
This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of MET on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic and neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and behavioural changes. The study consisted of six groups, where three selected doses of MET (100, 200, and 300  mg/kg) were employed in male Swiss albino mice, with one group of imipramine (IMI), saline, and LPS each. Systemic inflammation was induced by injecting LPS (1.5 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal route. A battery of behavioural tests including open field, forced swim, and tail suspension tests were emplo yed to assess the impact of systemic inflammation on exploratory behaviour a...
Source: Inflammopharmacology - September 2, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Role of flavonoids in thrombotic, cardiovascular, and inflammatory diseases
AbstractThe failure of mechanisms of natural anti-coagulation either due to genetic impairment or due to severe external injuries may result in a condition called thrombosis. This is believed to be the primary cause for a variety of life-threatening conditions such as: heart attack, stroke, pulmonary embolism, thrombophlebitis, and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The growing number of these incidents requires an alternative anti-coagulant or anti-thrombotic agent that has minimal side effects and improved efficiency. For decades, plant polyphenols, especially flavonoids, were known for their vital role in preventing various ...
Source: Inflammopharmacology - July 14, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Dabrafenib Plus Trametinib for BRAF V600E-Mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Patient Case Report
We report the case of a 70-year-old Asian woman (never smoker) who was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma in May 2014. Testing at diagnosis was negative for programmed death ligand 1 orEGFR,ALK, andROS1 alterations. She was started on carboplatin-pemetrexed-bevacizumab and maintenance bevacizumab but progressed in September 2015. Subsequently, she progressed on second-line nivolumab and third-line docetaxel. In March 2016, pleural fluid obtained at diagnosis tested positive for theBRAF V600E mutation and she received dabrafenib plus trametinib. She experienced rapid tumor shrinkage and symptom improvement and became able t...
Source: Clinical Drug Investigation - June 26, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Dual Effects of Chinese Herbal Medicines on Angiogenesis in Cancer and Ischemic Stroke Treatments: Role of HIF-1 Network
The objective of this review is to provide comprehensive insight on the effects of Chinese herbal medicines on angiogenesis by regulating HIF-1 pathways in both cancer and ischemic stroke.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - June 25, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Local pharmacological induction of angiogenesis: Drugs for cells and cells as drugs.
Abstract The past decades have seen significant advances in pro-angiogenic strategies based on delivery of molecules and cells for conditions such as coronary artery disease, critical limb ischemia and stroke. Currently, three major strategies are evolving. Firstly, various pharmacological agents (growth factors, interleukins, small molecules, DNA/RNA) are locally applied at the ischemic region. Secondly, preparations of living cells with considerable bandwidth of tissue origin, differentiation state and preconditioning are delivered locally, rarely systemically. Thirdly, based on the notion, that cellular effects...
Source: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews - June 17, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Gaspar D, Peixoto R, De Pieri A, Striegl B, Zeugolis DI, Raghunath M Tags: Adv Drug Deliv Rev Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Safety of Prucalopride in Patients with Chronic Constipation: A Multinational Population-Based Cohort Study
ConclusionsThe pooled incidence rate ratio estimate was consistent with no indication of an increased risk above the pre-specified safety threshold of 3.00 for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with chronic constipation using prucalopride as compared with PEG.
Source: Drug Safety - May 26, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Orally Administered Crocin Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through the Metabolic Transformation of Crocetin by Gut Microbiota
Conclusion Collectively, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic association studies provide evidence that the gut microbiota plays a vital role in the fate of crocin and crocetin in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, the cross-interaction between gut microbiota and crocin might mediate the activation of the cerebral-protective effect of orally administered crocin. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of ‘Institutional Animal Research Committee guidelines, Animal Ethics Committee of China Pharmaceutical University.’ The protocol was approved by the ‘An...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 29, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Ability to Suppress TGF- β-Activated Myofibroblast Differentiation Distinguishes the Anti-pulmonary Fibrosis Efficacy of Two Danshen-Containing Chinese Herbal Medicine Prescriptions
Conclusion: This study suggests that a clinically efficacious cardiovascular Chinese herbal medicine (DLP) can be successfully repurposed to treat a lung disease in pulmonary fibrosis guided by TCM theory. Our comparative study between DLP and DHP demonstrated a critical requirement of suppressing both pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathways for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, supporting that a multi-component prescription capable of “removing both phlegm and blood stasis” will better achieve co-protection of heart and lung in PHD. Introduction Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic ...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Shengui Sansheng San Ameliorates Cerebral Energy Deficiency via Citrate Cycle After Ischemic Stroke
Conclusion In summary, SSS extraction significantly ameliorates cerebral energy metabolism via boosting citrate cycle, which mainly embodies the enhancements of blood glucose concentration, glucose and lactate transportation and glucose utilization, as well as the regulations of relative enzymes activities in citrate cycle. These ameliorations ultimately resulted in numerous ATP yield after stroke, which improved neurological function and infarcted volume. Collectively, it suggests that SSS extraction has exerted advantageous effect in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Ethics Statement All animal operations were accor...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 22, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research