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Infectious Disease: HIV AIDS

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Total 337 results found since Jan 2013.

Predicting the oxygen cost of walking in hemiparetic stroke patients
Conclusion Cwfree was strongly correlated with Sfree, which allowed for the development of a valid Cwfree prediction model. A practitioner could estimate the energy expenditure of walking for a patient without using an indirect calorimeter.
Source: Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine - March 22, 2018 Category: Rehabilitation Source Type: research

The growing burden of noncommunicable disease among persons living with HIV in Zimbabwe
Conclusion: NCD services will need to be expanded in Zimbabwe. They will need to be integrated into HIV care programmes, although the growing NCD burden amongst uninfected individuals presenting opportunities for additional services developed within HIV care to benefit HIV-negative persons.
Source: AIDS - March 16, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Epidemiology and Social Source Type: research

Transfusion-transmitted malaria masquerading as sickle cell crisis with multisystem organ failure.
CONCLUSIONS: Clinical suspicion for transfusion-related adverse events, including hemolytic transfusion reactions and transfusion-transmitted infections, should be high in typically and atypically immunocompromised patient populations (like SCD), especially those on chronic transfusion protocols. Manual blood smear review aids in the evaluation of patients with SCD presenting with severe vaso-occlusive crisis and MSOF and can alert clinicians to the need for initiating aggressive therapy like RBC exchange and artesunate therapy. PMID: 29524230 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Transfusion - March 9, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Maier CL, Gross PJ, Dean CL, Chonat S, Ip A, McLemore M, El Rassi F, Stowell SR, Josephson CD, Fasano RM Tags: Transfusion Source Type: research

Cause-specific mortality in the Kombewa health and demographic surveillance systems site, rural Western Kenya from 2011-2015.
CONCLUSIONS: The analysis established the main CODs among people of all ages within the area served by the Kombewa HDSS. We hope that information generated from this study will help better address preventable deaths in the surveyed community as well as help mitigate negative health impacts in other rural communities throughout the Western Kenya region. PMID: 29502491 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Global Health Action - March 7, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Tags: Glob Health Action Source Type: research

Subtraction multiphase CT angiography: A new technique for faster detection of intracranial arterial occlusions
ConclusionSubMPCTA is a novel technique that aids in identifying small intracranial vessel occlusions in the suspected AIS patient. SubMPCTA increases confidence in interpretation and reduces the time taken to detect intracranial vessel occlusions.Key Points• SubMPCTA processes MPCTA data to better demonstrate intracranial arterial occlusions.• SubMPCTA increases confidence and speed of interpretation of MPCTA studies.• SubMPCTA may aid in rapidly differentiating acute ischaemic stroke from stroke mimics.
Source: European Radiology - March 2, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

General Medical, Mental Health, and Demographic Risk Factors Associated With Suicide by Firearm Compared With Other Means.
CONCLUSIONS: Medical providers should consider targeting suicide risk screening for patients with any mental disorder, TBI, epilepsy, HIV, psychogenic pain, stroke, and migraine. When suicide risk is detected, counseling on reducing access to lethal means should include both firearms and other means for at-risk groups. PMID: 29446332 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Psychiatric Services - February 17, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Psychiatr Serv Source Type: research

Movement goals encoded within the cortex and muscle synergies to reduce redundancy pre and post-stroke. The relevance for gait rehabilitation and the prescription of walking-aids. A literature review and scholarly discussion.
Abstract Current knowledge of neural and neuromuscular processes controlling gait and movement as well as an understanding of how these mechanisms change following stroke is an important basis for the development of effective rehabilitation interventions. To support the translation of findings from basic research into useful treatments in clinical practice, up-to-date neuroscience should be presented in forms accessible to all members of the multidisciplinary team. In this review we discuss aspects of cortical control of gait and movement, muscle synergies as a way of translating cortical commands into specific mu...
Source: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice - February 5, 2018 Category: Physiotherapy Authors: Maguire CC, Sieben JM, De Bie RA Tags: Physiother Theory Pract Source Type: research

Lower-extremity Dynamometry as a Novel Outcome Measure in a Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Feasibility Trial of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) for HIV-associated Myelopathy
Conclusion: We conclude that an adequately powered clinical trial of IVIG for HIVM would likely require a prolonged recruitment period and multiple participating sites. Lower limb dynamometry is a useful outcome measure for HIVM, which might also be useful in other HIV-related gait disorders. KEYWORDS: Dynamometry, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), myelopathy INTRODUCTION Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated myelopathy (HIVM) is a rare but well-described neurologic complication of HIV; it was first described early in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, and i...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - February 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Assessment Tools Current Issue Demyelinating Disease Movement Disorders Neurodegenerative Disease Neurology Original Research Primary Care Technology Trial Methodology Dynamometry human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) intravenous immu Source Type: research

Seizure Bootcamp: Everything You Ever Needed to Know to Manage Seizures in End Stage Disease (FR455)
Seizures are a common occurrence in end stage disease, occurring in a wide range of conditions, including dementia, stroke, AIDS, end stage renal disease, and both primary brain tumors and metastatic disease. Not only are uncontrolled seizures a significant source of distress to both patient and families, but they present a significant management challenge to the hospice team, who are often faced with controlling seizures in the face of advancing disease, increasing seizure risk factors, and declining ability of the patient to take oral medications.
Source: Journal of Pain and Symptom Management - February 1, 2018 Category: Palliative Care Authors: Mara Lugassy, Neha Kramer, Ebtesam Ahmed, Joel Phillips, Colleen Fleming-Damon Source Type: research

Inclusion body myositis and human immunodeficiency virus type 1: A new case report and literature review
Neurological involvement in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection are frequent and include: peripheral neuropathy, central nervous system infections, neoplasms, stroke and myopathies [1]. Prevalence of muscle disease in HIV infection is low, found in less than 1% of patients with AIDS, and myopathy may occur at any stage of immunosuppression. Many neuromuscular disorders are described in HIV infected patients: polymyositis, myopathy induced by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) such as zidovudine, muscle opportunistic infections of skeletal muscle tissue, such as toxoplasmosis, HIV associated ...
Source: Neuromuscular Disorders - January 10, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Priscille Couture, Edoardo Malfatti, Genevi ève Morau, Alexis Mathian, Fleur Cohen-Aubart, Hubert Nielly, Zahir Amoura, Patrick Cherin Tags: Case report Source Type: research

Visual Aids for Patient, Family, and Physician Decision Making About Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke Clinical Sciences
Conclusions—Visual decision aids are now available to rapidly educate healthcare providers, patients, and families about benefits and risks of endovascular thrombectomy, both when added to IV tPA in tPA-eligible patients and as the sole reperfusion treatment in tPA-ineligible patients.
Source: Stroke - December 22, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Ivie Tokunboh, Marta Vales Montero, Matheus Fellipe Zopelaro Almeida, Latisha Sharma, Sidney Starkman, Viktor Szeder, Reza Jahan, David Liebeskind, Nestor Gonzalez, Andrew Demchuk, Michael T. Froehler, Mayank Goyal, Maarten G. Lansberg, Helmi Lutsep, Lee Tags: Ischemia, Revascularization, Treatment, Quality and Outcomes, Ischemic Stroke Original Contributions Source Type: research

Elevated ischemic stroke risk among women living with HIV infection
Conclusion: The increased risk of ischemic stroke among WLWH compared with HIV-uninfected women persisted after adjusting for both traditional and sex-specific stroke risk factors. Further investigation into the mechanisms of elevated stroke risk among WLWH, including immunologic factors, will be key for developing targeted preventive strategies for this at-risk population.
Source: AIDS - December 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Clinical Science Source Type: research

Autophagy after subarachnoid hemorrhage: Can cell death be good?
Abstract Autophagy is a prosurvival, reparative process that maintains cellular homeostasis through lysosomal degradation of selected cytoplasmic components and programmed death of old, dysfunctional, or unnecessary cytoplasmic entities. According to growing evidence, autophagy shows beneficial effects following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). SAH is considered one of the most devastating forms of stroke. Though autophagy is prosurvival and aids in repair, deregulated or excessive autophagy results in increased cell death, more brain injury, and worse outcome. The aim of this review lies in revealing the pathophysi...
Source: Current Neuropharmacology - November 23, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ho WM, Akyol O, Reis H, Reis C, McBride D, Thome C, Zhang J Tags: Curr Neuropharmacol Source Type: research

CNS Summit 2017 Abstracts of Poster Presentations
Conclusion: This novel technology discriminates and quantifies subtle differences in behavior and neurological impairments in subjects afflicted with neurological injury/disease. KINARM assessments can be incorporated into multi-center trials (e.g., monitoring stroke motor recovery: NCT02928393). Further studies will determine if KINARM Labs can demonstrate a clinical effect with fewer subjects over a shorter trial period. Disclosures/funding: Dr. Stephen Scott is the inventor of KINARM and CSO of BKIN Technologies.   Multiplexed mass spectrometry assay identifies neurodegeneration biomarkers in CSF Presenter: Chelsky...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - November 1, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICNS Online Editor Tags: Assessment Tools biomarkers Cognition Current Issue Drug Development General Genetics Medical Issues Neurology Patient Assessment Psychopharmacology Scales Special Issues Supplements Trial Methodology clinical trials CNS Su Source Type: research

Use of direct oral anticoagulants for treatment of atrial fibrillation in patients with HIV: a review
Purpose of review Atrial fibrillation is increasingly common in the ageing population. Patients with atrial fibrillation and HIV have a higher stroke risk, with guidelines recommending anticoagulation in the majority. Whilst anticoagulation options have diversified in the last decade for the general population, there is limited evidence for the safety and efficacy of these medications when used concurrently with antiretroviral therapy. We review the potential for patients with HIV on antiretroviral therapy to have direct-acting oral anticoagulations (DOACs). Recent findings Several case reports have been published in ...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - November 1, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN HIV INFECTED PERSONS: Edited by Franck Boccara and Cameron J. Holloway Source Type: research