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Specialty: Microbiology

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Total 170 results found since Jan 2013.

KNOCKDOWN OF HOST ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE GENES ENHANCES THE EFFECT OF GLUCANTIME ON INTRACELLULAR Leishmania braziliensis IN HUMAN MACROPHAGES.
Abstract Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting millions of people worldwide and represents a major public health problem. Information on protein expression patterns and functional roles within the context of Leishmania-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) under drug treatment conditions are essential to understand the role of these cells in leishmaniasis treatment. We analyzed functional changes in expression of human MDM genes and proteins during in vitro infection by Leishmania braziliensis and treatment with Glucantime (Sb(V)) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) a...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - May 1, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Téllez J, Romero I, Soares MJ, Steindel M, Romanha AJ Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: research

Dicer-2-Dependent Generation of Viral DNA from Defective Genomes of RNA Viruses Modulates Antiviral Immunity in Insects.
Abstract The RNAi pathway confers antiviral immunity in insects. Virus-specific siRNA responses are amplified via the reverse transcription of viral RNA to viral DNA (vDNA). The nature, biogenesis, and regulation of vDNA are unclear. We find that vDNA produced during RNA virus infection of Drosophila and mosquitoes is present in both linear and circular forms. Circular vDNA (cvDNA) is sufficient to produce siRNAs that confer partially protective immunity when challenged with a cognate virus. cvDNAs bear homology to defective viral genomes (DVGs), and DVGs serve as templates for vDNA and cvDNA synthesis. Accordingl...
Source: Cell Host and Microbe - February 27, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Poirier EZ, Goic B, Tomé-Poderti L, Frangeul L, Boussier J, Gausson V, Blanc H, Vallet T, Loyd H, Levi LI, Lanciano S, Baron C, Merkling SH, Lambrechts L, Mirouze M, Carpenter S, Vignuzzi M, Saleh MC Tags: Cell Host Microbe Source Type: research

Turning Up Your Nose for a Flaviviral Encephalitis Cure.
Abstract siRNA approaches have demonstrated promise in treating viral infections in animal models, but poor delivery limits clinical application. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Beloor et al. (2018) report that nose-to-brain delivery of viral-targeted siRNA cures mice from West Nile virus encephalitis, with potential implications for human infection. PMID: 29649437 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cell Host and Microbe - April 11, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Barouch-Bentov R, Einav S Tags: Cell Host Microbe Source Type: research

Characterization of In vitro inhibitory effects of consensus short interference RNAs against non-structural 5B gene of hepatitis C virus 1a genotype
Conclusions: Stable Huh-7 cells persistently expressing NS5B protein should be helpful for molecular pathogenesis of HCV infection and development of anti-HCV drug screening assays. The siRNA was effective against NS5B and could be considered as an adjuvant therapy along with other promising anti-HCV regimens.
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - March 17, 2019 Category: Microbiology Authors: Imran Shahid Waleed Hassan Almalki Munjed M Ibrahim Sultan Ahmad Alghamdi Mohammed H Mukhtar Shaia Saleh R. Almalki Saad Ahmed Alkahtani Mohammad S Alhaidari Source Type: research

Transcription Factor MafB Suppresses Type I Interferon Production by CD14+ Monocytes in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C
Transcription factor MafB regulates differentiation and activity of monocytes/macrophage, and is associated with the development of atherosclerosis and cancers. However, the role of MafB in modulation of CD14+ monocytes in chronic viral hepatitis was not fully elucidated. Thus, the aim of current study was to investigate the immunoregulatory function of MafB to type I interferon (IFN) secretion by CD14+ monocytes and its contribution to pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A total of twenty-nine chronic hepatitis C patients and twenty-one healthy individuals were enrolled. Serum IFN-α1 and IFN-β was...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - August 6, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 miR-C12 Attenuates Virus-Mediated Apoptosis and Promotes Virus Propagation by Targeting Caspase 8
In this study, the function of CyHV-2-encoded miRNA was further investigated in GiCF cells. We found that miR-C4 promoted CyHV-2-induced apoptosis, while miR-C12 decreased CyHV-2-induced apoptosis. miR-C12 targeted to 3′ UTR sequence of caspase 8 and suppressed the expression of caspase 8. Besides, the silencing of caspase 8 by specific siRNA led to the attenuation of CyHV-2-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, caspase 8 was downregulated in cells transfected with miR-C12 during CyHV-2 infection. Overexpression of miR-C12 significantly suppressed CyHV-2-induced apoptosis, while silencing of miR-C12 promoted CyHV-2-induced apo...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - December 17, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Transgene suppression in plants by foliar application of in vitro-synthesized small interfering RNAs.
In this study, several types of ssRNA and siRNA duplexes targeting the neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) transgene were in vitro-synthesized and externally applied to the leaf surface of 4-week-old transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. External application of the synthetic NPTII-encoding siRNAs down-regulated NPTII transcript levels in transgenic A. thaliana 1 and 7 days post-treatment with a higher and more consistent effect being observed for siRNAs methylated at 3' ends. We also analyzed the effects of external NPTII-encoding dsRNA precursors and a dsRNA-derived heterogenous siRNA mix. Digestion of the NPTII-dsR...
Source: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - January 13, 2020 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dubrovina AS, Aleynova OA, Suprun AR, Ogneva ZV, Kiselev KV Tags: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol Source Type: research

The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase SIAH1 Targets MyD88 for Proteasomal Degradation During Dengue Virus Infection
The dengue virus presents a serious threat to human health globally and can cause severe, even life-threatening, illness. Dengue virus (DENV) is endemic on all continents except Antarctica, and it is estimated that more than 100 million people are infected each year. Herein, we further mine the data from a previously described screen for microRNAs (miRNAs) that block flavivirus replication. We use miR-424, a member of the miR-15/16 family, as a tool to further dissect the role of host cell proteins during DENV infection. We observed that miR-424 suppresses expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase SIAH1, which is normally indu...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - February 13, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

VEGF Production Is Regulated by the AKT/ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway and Controls the Proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii in ARPE-19 Cells
The retina is the primary site of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the eye, and choroidal neovascularization in ocular toxoplasmosis is one of the most important causes of visual impairment. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the key regulators of blood vessel development, however, little is known about the mechanisms of T. gondii-induced VEGF production in ocular toxoplasmosis. Here, we investigate the effect of T. gondii on VEGF production regulation in human retinal pigment epithelium ARPE-19 cells and attempted to unveil the underlying mechanism of this event by focusing on the interaction between parasi...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 27, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Rice Stripe Virus Coat Protein-Mediated Virus Resistance Is Associated With RNA Silencing in Arabidopsis
In this study, we show that both translatable and non-translatable RSV CP transgenic Arabidopsis plants exhibited immunity to virus infection. By using deep sequencing analysis, transgene-derived small interfering RNAs (t-siRNAs) from non-translatable CP transgenic plants and virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) mapping in the CP region from RSV-infected wild-type plants showed similar sequence distribution patterns, except for a significant increase in the abundance of t-siRNA reads compared with that of CP-derived vsiRNAs. To further test the correlation of t-siRNAs with RSV immunity, we developed RSV CP transg...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - November 13, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation is a Prognostic Marker of Recovery in HEV-Infected Patients
This study highlighted the significance of upregulated NLRP3 inflammasome leading to increased production of IL-18 and IL-1β cytokines in sera of AVH patients. Thus, it indicated the role of Th1 response acting through the NLRP3 pathway which might have been helpful in the recovery of AVH patients. These promising results open multiple treatment avenues where specific inhibitors can be designed to modulate the progress of disease and its pathogenicity.PMID:34982235 | DOI:10.1007/s00284-021-02736-x
Source: Current Microbiology - January 4, 2022 Category: Microbiology Authors: Vikram Thakur Radha Kanta Ratho Mini P Singh Yogesh Chawla Sunil Taneja Source Type: research

Junin Virus Activates p38 MAPK and HSP27 Upon Entry
Junín virus (JUNV), a New World arenavirus, is a rodent-borne virus and the causative agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever. Humans become infected through exposure to rodent host secreta and excreta and the resulting infection can lead to an acute inflammatory disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Little is understood about the molecular pathogenesis of arenavirus hemorrhagic fever infections. We utilized Reverse Phase Protein Microarrays (RPPA) to compare global alterations in the host proteome following infection with an attenuated vaccine strain, Candid#1 (CD1), and the most parental virulent strain, XJ13, ...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 7, 2022 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Heme oxygenase-1 modulates ferroptosis by fine-tuning levels of intracellular iron and reactive oxygen species of macrophages in response to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection
Macrophages are the host cells and the frontline defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, and the form of death of infected macrophages plays a pivotal role in the outcome of Mtb infections. Ferroptosis, a programmed necrotic cell death induced by overwhelming lipid peroxidation, was confirmed as one of the mechanisms of Mtb spread following infection and the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB). However, the mechanism underlying the macrophage ferroptosis induced by Mtb infection has not yet been fully understood. In the present study, transcriptome analysis revealed the upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (H...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - September 23, 2022 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

CLEC4A and CLEC12B C-type lectin receptors mediate interactions with < em > Pneumocystis < /em > cell wall components
Conclusion. The data presented here provide new members of the CLRs family recognizing Pneumocystis. Future studies using CLEC4A and/or CLEC12B deficient mice in the PCP mouse model should provide further insights into the host immunological response to Pneumocystis.PMID:37294293 | DOI:10.1099/jmm.0.001714
Source: Journal of Medical Microbiology - June 9, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Theodore J Kottom Eva M Carmona Kyle Schaefbauer Andrew H Limper Source Type: research