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Total 170 results found since Jan 2013.

Orientia tsutsugamushi Ank9 is a multifunctional effector that utilizes a novel GRIP ‐like Golgi localization domain for Golgi‐to‐endoplasmic reticulum trafficking and interacts with host COPB2
This report identifies a novel microbial GLD, links Ank9 to the ability of O. tsutsugamushi to perturb Golgi structure, and describes the first mechanism by which any Orientia effector targets the secretory pathway.
Source: Cellular Microbiology - January 20, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Andrea R. Beyer, Kyle G. Rodino, Lauren VieBrock, Ryan S. Green, Brittney K. Tegels, Lee D. Oliver, Richard T. Marconi, Jason A. Carlyon Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Aminopeptidase N5 (APN5) as a Putative  Functional Receptor of Cry1Ac Toxin in the Larvae of Athetis lepigone.
Aminopeptidase N5 (APN5) as a Putative Functional Receptor of Cry1Ac Toxin in the Larvae of Athetis lepigone. Curr Microbiol. 2017 Feb 21;: Authors: Wang LY, Gu SH, Nangong ZY, Song P, Wang QY Abstract Athetis lepigone was a new lepidopteran pest and caused severe damage to maize crops in China. We have detected that Cry1Ac protoxin and toxin were highly active against the larvae of A. lepigone. However, there is no report about the mode of action of Bt Cry1Ac toxin against this pest until now. A 110 kDa APN5 protein from BBMV of A. lepigone was identified as the binding receptor of Cry1Ac toxin us...
Source: Current Microbiology - February 20, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Wang LY, Gu SH, Nangong ZY, Song P, Wang QY Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: research

Identification of GBF1 as a cellular factor required for Hepatitis E virus RNA replication
Abstract The hepatitis E virus (HEV) genome is a single‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA that encodes three proteins including the ORF1 replicase. Mechanisms of HEV replication in host cells are unclear and only a few cellular factors involved in this step have been identified so far. Here, we used brefeldin A (BFA) that blocks the activity of the cellular Arf guanine nucleotide exchange factors GBF1, BIG1 and BIG2, which play a major role in reshuffling of cellular membranes. We showed that BFA inhibits HEV replication in a dose‐dependent manner. The use of siRNA and Golgicide A identified GBF1 as a host factor critical...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - November 7, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rayan Farhat, Maliki Ankavay, Nadjet Lebsir, J érôme Gouttenoire, Catherine L. Jackson, Czeslaw Wychowski, Darius Moradpour, Jean Dubuisson, Yves Rouille, Laurence Cocquerel Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

A Novel Kinase Function of a Nucleoside ‐diphosphate‐kinase Homolog in P. gingivalis is Critical in Subversion of Host Cell Apoptosis by Targeting Heat‐Shock Protein 27
In this study, we describe a novel kinase function for bacterial effector, P. gingivalis‐Ndk, in abrogating epithelial cell death by phosphorylating Heat‐shock‐protein‐27 (HSP27) in GECs. Infection by P. gingivalis was recently suggested to increase phosphorylation of HSP27 in cancer‐epithelial cells; however, the mechanism and biological significance of anti‐apoptotic phospho‐HSP27 during infection has never been characterized. Interestingly, using GST‐rNdk Pull‐down analyzed by mass‐spectrometry, we identified HSP27 in GECs as a strong binder of P. gingivalis‐Ndk and further verified using confocal ...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - January 23, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jungnam Lee, JoAnn S. Roberts, Kalina R. Atanasova, Nityananda Chowdhury, Özlem Yilmaz Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

A novel kinase function of a nucleoside ‐diphosphate‐kinase homologue in Porphyromonas gingivalis is critical in subversion of host cell apoptosis by targeting heat‐shock protein 27
In this study, we describe a novel kinase function for bacterial effector, P. gingivalis‐Ndk, in abrogating epithelial cell death by phosphorylating heat‐shock protein 27 (HSP27) in GECs. Infection by P. gingivalis was recently suggested to increase phosphorylation of HSP27 in cancer‐epithelial cells; however, the mechanism and biological significance of antiapoptotic phospho‐HSP27 during infection has never been characterised. Interestingly, using glutathione S‐transferase‐rNdk pull‐down analysed by mass spectrometry, we identified HSP27 in GECs as a strong binder of P. gingivalis‐Ndk and further verifi...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - February 7, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jungnam Lee, JoAnn S. Roberts, Kalina R. Atanasova, Nityananda Chowdhury, Özlem Yilmaz Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Small Interfering RNA-Mediated Control of Virus Replication in the CNS Is Therapeutic and Enables Natural Immunity to West Nile Virus.
Abstract No vaccines or therapeutics are licensed for West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-transmitted neuroencephalitic flavivirus. The small interfering RNA siFvEJW targets a conserved sequence within the WNV E protein and limits virus infection. Using a rabies virus-derived neuron-targeting peptide (RVG9R) and an intranasal route for delivering siFvEJW to the CNS, we demonstrate that treatment of WNV-infected mice at late stages of neuroinvasive disease results in recovery. Selectively targeting virus in the CNS lowers viral burdens in the brain, reduces neuropathology, and results in a 90% survival rate at 5-6 d...
Source: Cell Host and Microbe - March 21, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Beloor J, Maes N, Ullah I, Uchil P, Jackson A, Fikrig E, Lee SK, Kumar P Tags: Cell Host Microbe Source Type: research

Functional analysis of a novel parasitic nematode-specific protein of Setaria digitata larvae in Culex quinquefasciatus by siRNA mediated RNA interference
Functional analysis of animal parasitic nematode genes is often quite challenging due to the unavailability of standardised in vitro culture conditions and lack of adequate tools to manipulate these genes. Theref...
Source: Parasites and Vectors - October 10, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Magalla Bastian Chalitha Lakmal Somarathne, Yasanthi Illika Nilmini Silva Gunawardene, Naduvilath Vishvanath Chandrasekharan, Arjuna Nisantha Bandara Ellepola and Ranil Samantha Dassanayake Tags: Research Source Type: research

Second to None: Plant Secondary siRNAs as Defensive Agents against Phytophthora.
Abstract The eukaryotic plant pathogen Phytophthora encodes conserved effector proteins to eliminate host secondary siRNAs. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Hou et al. (2019) report that reduction in secondary siRNA levels renders the host hypersusceptible to Phytophthora and plant secondary siRNAs likely serve as trans-species defensive molecules against pathogens. PMID: 30629921 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cell Host and Microbe - January 9, 2019 Category: Microbiology Authors: Axtell MJ Tags: Cell Host Microbe Source Type: research

Cleavage and Sub-Cellular Redistribution of Nuclear Pore Protein 98 by Coxsackievirus B3 Protease 2A Impairs Cardioprotection
Myocarditis, inflammation of the heart muscle, affects all demographics and is a major cause of sudden and unexpected death in young people. It is most commonly caused by viral infections of the heart, with Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) being among the most prevalent pathogens. To understand the molecular pathogenesis of CVB3 infection and provide strategies for developing treatments, we examined the role of a key nuclear pore protein 98 (NUP98) in the setting of viral myocarditis. NUP98 was cleaved as early as 2 h post-CVB3 infection. This cleavage was further verified through both the ectopic expression of viral proteases and...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - July 23, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Gga-miR-19b-3p Inhibits Newcastle Disease Virus Replication by Suppressing Inflammatory Response via Targeting RNF11 and ZMYND11
Newcastle disease (ND), an acute and highly contagious avian disease caused by virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV), often results in severe economic losses worldwide every year. Although it is clear that microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in modulating innate immune response to invading microbial pathogens, their role in host defense against NDV infection remains largely unknown. Our prior study indicates that gga-miR-19b-3p is up-regulated in NDV-infected DF-1 cells (a chicken embryo fibroblast cell line) and functions to suppress NDV replication. Here we report that overexpression of gga-miR-19b-3p promoted the product...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - August 26, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Identification of Major Capsid Protein as a Potential Biomarker of Grouper Iridovirus-Infected Cells Using Aptamers Selected by SELEX
Biomarkers have important roles in disease pathogenesis, and serve as important disease indicators for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Grouper iridovirus is a nucleocytoplasmic DNA virus, which not only causes great economic losses in mariculture but also seriously threatens the global biodiversity. However, a lack of biomarkers has limited the progress in clarifying iridovirus pathogenesis. Here, we report novel molecular probes, aptamers, for specific identification of biomarkers in grouper iridovirus-infected cells. Aptamers are selected by SELEX, which is a completely different approach from con...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - November 27, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

A Small Interfering RNA Cocktail Targeting the Nucleoprotein and Large Protein Genes Suppresses Borna Disease Virus Infection
Recently, Borna disease virus (BoDV-1)-related fatal encephalitis human cases have been reported, which highlights the potential of BoDV-1 to cause fatal human diseases. To protect the infected brain from lethal damage, it is critical to control BoDV-1 as quickly as possible. At present, antivirals against BoDV-1 are limited, and therefore, novel types of antivirals are needed. Here, we developed a novel treatment using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against BoDV-1. We screened several siRNAs targeting the viral N, M, and L genes for BoDV-1-reducing activity. Among the screened candidates, we chose two siRNAs that efficie...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - November 28, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

PHI-Nets: A Network Resource for Ascomycete Fungal Pathogens to Annotate and Identify Putative Virulence Interacting Proteins and siRNA Targets
Interactions between proteins underlie all aspects of complex biological mechanisms. Therefore, methodologies based on complex network analyses can facilitate identification of promising candidate genes involved in phenotypes of interest and put this information into appropriate contexts. To facilitate discovery and gain additional insights into globally important pathogenic fungi, we have reconstructed computationally inferred interactomes using an interolog and domain-based approach for 15 diverse Ascomycete fungal species, across nine orders, specifically Aspergillus fumigatus, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Blumeria graminis f...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - December 5, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

MiR-10a-5p-Mediated Syndecan 1 Suppression Restricts Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus Replication
Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) is a single-stranded RNA coronavirus that causes nervous dysfunction in the infected hosts and leads to widespread alterations in the host transcriptome by modulating specific microRNA (miRNA) levels. MiRNAs contribute to RNA virus pathogenesis by promoting antiviral immune response, enhancing viral replication, or altering miRNA-mediated host gene regulation. Thus, exploration of the virus–miRNA interactions occurring in PHEV-infected host may lead to the identification of novel mechanisms combating the virus life cycle or pathogenesis. Here, we discovered that the...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - February 19, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Down-Regulation of miR-378d Increased Rab10 Expression to Help Clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Macrophages
In conclusion, during M. tb infection of macrophages, miR-378d was down-regulated and functioned on decreasing M. tb intracellular survival by targeting Rab10 and the process was regulated by activation of the NF-κB and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6. These findings shed light on further understanding the defense mechanisms in macrophages against M. tb infection.
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - March 16, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research