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Total 170 results found since Jan 2013.

Inhibition of hydrogen sulfide production by gene silencing attenuates inflammatory activity of LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells.
Abstract Hydrogen sulfide is an inflammatory mediator and is produced by the activity of the enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) in macrophages. Previously, pharmacological inhibition of CSE has been reported to have conflicting results, and this may be due to the lack of specificity of the pharmacological agents. Therefore, this study used a very specific approach of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to inhibit the production of the CSE in an in vitro setting. We found that the activation of macrophages by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in higher levels of CSE mRNA and protein as well as the increased production o...
Source: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - July 10, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Badiei A, Rivers-Auty J, Ang AD, Bhatia M Tags: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol Source Type: research

An In Vivo RNAi Screening Approach to Identify Host Determinants of Virus Replication.
We report an alternative screening approach using siRNA delivery via infection with a replication-competent RNA virus. In this system, natural selection, defined by siRNA production, permits the identification of host restriction factors through virus enrichment during a physiological infection. We validate this approach with a large-scale siRNA screen in the context of an in vivo alphavirus infection. Monitoring virus evolution across four independent screens identified two categories of enriched siRNAs: specific effectors of the direct antiviral arsenal and host factors that indirectly dampened the overall antiviral res...
Source: Cell Host and Microbe - September 11, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Varble A, Benitez AA, Schmid S, Sachs D, Shim JV, Rodriguez-Barrueco R, Panis M, Crumiller M, Silva JM, Sachidanandam R, Tenoever BR Tags: Cell Host Microbe Source Type: research

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced autophagy is involved in the restriction of Escherichia coli in peritoneal mesothelial cells
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated for the first time that LPS-induced autophagy in peritoneal mesothelial cells could enhance the intracellular bactericidal activity and the co-localization of E.coli with autophagosomes. The activation of TLR4 signaling was involved in this process. These results indicate that LPS-induced autophagy may be a cell-autonomous defense mechanism triggered in peritoneal mesothelial cells in response to E.coli infection.
Source: BMC Microbiology - Latest articles - November 13, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Juan WangXiaoran FengYoujia ZengJinjin FanJuan WuZhijian LiXinhui LiuRong HuangFengxian HuangXueqing YuXiao Yang Source Type: research

Dynamin-related protein Drp1 and mitochondria are important for Shigella flexneri infection.
In this study the role of the mitochondrial fission protein, Drp1 during Shigella infection in HeLa cells was examined. Significant lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was detected in the culture supernatant when HeLa cells were infected with Shigella at a high multiplicity of infection. Drp1 inhibition with Mdivi-1 and siRNA knockdown significantly reduced LDH release. HeLa cell death was also accompanied by mitochondrial fragmentation. Tubular mitochondrial networks were partially restored when Drp1 was depleted with either siRNA or inhibited with Mdivi-1. Surprisingly either Mdivi-1 treatment or Drp1 siRNA-depletion of ...
Source: International Journal of Medical Microbiology - April 3, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Lum M, Morona R Tags: Int J Med Microbiol Source Type: research

Characterization of Zika Virus Endocytic Pathways in Human Glioblastoma Cells
Zika virus (ZIKV) infections can cause microcephaly and neurological disorders. However, the early infection events of ZIKV in neural cells remain to be characterized. Here, by using a combination of pharmacological and molecular approaches and the human glioblastoma cell T98G as a model, we first observed that ZIKV infection was inhibited by chloroquine and NH4Cl, indicating a requirement of low intracellular pH. We further showed that dynamin is required as the ZIKV entry was affected by the specific inhibitor dynasore, small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of dynamin, or by expressing the dominant-negative K44A mutant...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - March 5, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Extracellular Histone H3 Induces Pyroptosis During Sepsis and May Act Through NOD2 and VSIG4/NLRP3 Pathways
Conclusions: Extracellular histone H3 induced by LPS could cause pyroptosis during sepsis via NOD2 and VSIG4/NLRP3 pathway.
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - May 4, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Nucleic Acid-Based Treatments Against COVID-19: Potential Efficacy of Aptamers and siRNAs
Despite significant efforts, there are currently no approved treatments for COVID-19. However, biotechnological approaches appear to be promising in the treatment of the disease. Accordingly, nucleic acid-based treatments including aptamers and siRNAs are candidates that might be effective in COVID-19 treatment. Aptamers can hamper entry and replication stages of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, while siRNAs can cleave the viral genomic and subgenomic RNAs to inhibit the viral life cycle and reduce viral loads. As a conjugated molecule, aptamer–siRNA chimeras have proven to be dual-functioning antiviral therapy, acting both as ...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - November 8, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Klebsiella pneumoniae targets an EGF receptor‐dependent pathway to subvert inflammation.
Abstract The NF‐κB transcriptional factor plays a key role governing the activation of immune responses. Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important cause of community‐acquired and nosocomial pneumonia. Evidence indicates that K. pneumoniae infections are characterized by lacking an early inflammatory response. Recently, we have demonstrated that Klebsiella antagonizes the activation of NF‐κB via the deubiquitinase CYLD. In this work, by applying a high‐throughput siRNA gain‐on‐function screen interrogating the human kinome, we identified 17 kinases that when targeted by siRNA restored IL‐1β‐dependent NF‐κB...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - January 25, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Christian G. Frank, Verónica Reguerio, Marion Rother, David Moranta, André P. Maeurer, Junkal Garmendia, Thomas F. Meyer, José A. Bengoechea Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Klebsiella pneumoniae targets an EGF receptor‐dependent pathway to subvert inflammation
Summary The NF‐κB transcriptional factor plays a key role governing the activation of immune responses. Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important cause of community‐acquired and nosocomial pneumonia. Evidence indicates that K. pneumoniae infections are characterized by lacking an early inflammatory response. Recently, we have demonstrated that Klebsiella antagonizes the activation of NF‐κB via the deubiquitinase CYLD. In this work, by applying a high‐throughput siRNA gain‐of‐function screen interrogating the human kinome, we identified 17 kinases that when targeted by siRNA restored IL‐1β‐dependent NF‐κ...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - February 17, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Christian G. Frank, Verónica Reguerio, Marion Rother, David Moranta, André P. Maeurer, Junkal Garmendia, Thomas F. Meyer, José A. Bengoechea Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling protein SOCS1 and UBP43 regulate the expression of type I interferon-stimulated genes in human microvascular endothelial cells infected with Rickettsia conorii.
Abstract Rickettsia conorii, the causative agent of Mediterranean spotted fever, preferentially infects human microvascular endothelium and activates pro-inflammatory innate immune responses as evidenced by enhanced expression and secretion of cytokines and chemokines. Our recent studies reveal that human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) infected with R. conorii also launch 'anti-viral' host defense mechanisms typically governed by type I interferons. To summarize, infected HMECs secrete IFNβ to activate STAT1 in an antocrine/paracrine manner and display increased expression of IFN-stimulated genes, for ex...
Source: Journal of Medical Microbiology - April 4, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Colonne PM, Sahni A, Sahni SK Tags: J Med Microbiol Source Type: research

High-level expression, purification, and characterization of bifunctional ScFv-9R fusion protein.
In conclusion, we use Sumo fusion system to acquire high-level production, soluble expression, and bifunctional activity of ScFv-9R in E. coli. Our results also revealed that ScFv-9R, as a novel carrier, may have potential applications in antitumor studies and pharmaceutical development. PMID: 24519456 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - February 12, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Zhang X, Xie J, Sun Y, Xu H, Du T, Liu Z, Chen J, Zheng Z, Liu K, Zhang J, Kan M, Li X, Xiao Y Tags: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol Source Type: research

The oxido‐reductase enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) governs Salmonella Typhimurium‐induced neutrophil transepithelial migration
Summary Neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocytes; PMN) transmigration across mucosal surfaces contributes to dysfunction of epithelial barrier properties, a characteristic underlying many mucosal inflammatory diseases. Using Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) as a prototypic proinflammatory insult, we have previously reported that the eicosanoid hepoxilin A3 (HXA3), an endogenous product of 12‐lipoxygenase (12‐LOX) activity, is secreted from the apical surface of the intestinal epithelium to establish a chemotactic gradient that guides PMN across the epithelial surface. Since little is known regar...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - March 1, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Terence A. Agbor, Zachary Demma, Randall J. Mrsny, Antonio Castillo, Erik J. Boll, Beth A. McCormick Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Techniques and applications: RNAi 'off-targets' pathogen infection
This study shows that many of the off-target effects that are observed in siRNA screens are specific and depend on the siRNA seed sequence.
Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology - March 24, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ursula Hofer Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research

The oxido‐reductase enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) governs Salmonella Typhimurium‐induced neutrophil transepithelial migration
Summary Neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leucocytes; PMN) transmigration across mucosal surfaces contributes to dysfunction of epithelial barrier properties, a characteristic underlying many mucosal inflammatory diseases. Using Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) as a prototypic proinflammatory insult, we have previously reported that the eicosanoid hepoxilin A3 (HXA3), an endogenous product of 12‐lipoxygenase (12‐LOX) activity, is secreted from the apical surface of the intestinal epithelium to establish a chemotactic gradient that guides PMN across the epithelial surface. Since little is known regar...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - May 5, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Terence A. Agbor, Zachary Demma, Randall J. Mrsny, Antonio Castillo, Erik J. Boll, Beth A. McCormick Tags: Research article Source Type: research

PPARδ inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide‐induced activation of MMP‐2 by downregulating Nox4 in human gingival fibroblasts
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Oral Microbiology and Immunology - September 25, 2015 Category: Microbiology Authors: T. Yoo, S.A. Ham, J.S. Hwang, W.J. Lee, K.S. Paek, J.W. Oh, J.H. Kim, J.T. Do, C.W. Han, J.H. Kim, H.G. Seo Tags: Original Article Source Type: research