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Viruses, Vol. 14, Pages 2004: Human Cytomegalovirus Induces Vitamin-D Resistance In Vitro by Dysregulating the Transcriptional Repressor Snail
In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism and possible biological consequences of vitamin-D resistance during HCMV infection. Mechanistically, HCMV induced vitamin-D resistance by downregulating the vitamin-D receptor (VDR) within hours of lytic infection. We found that the VDR was inhibited at the promoter level, and treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors could restore VDR expression. VDR downregulation highly correlated with the upregulation of the transcriptional repressor Snail1, a mechanism likely contributing to the epigenetic inactivation of the VDR promoter, since siRNA-mediated knockdown of Snail p...
Source: Viruses - September 10, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Carmen Stecher Katharina Philomena Maurer Marie-Theres Kastner Christoph Steininger Tags: Article Source Type: research

Aberrant endothelial expression of hnRNPC1/C2 and VDR and reduced maternal vitamin D levels in women with preeclampsia
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2022 Jul 19:106155. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106155. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTVitamin D deficiency is a widespread health problem globally and vitamin D deficiency/ insufficiency in pregnancy is a risk factor for preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder in human pregnancy. Vitamin D elicits its biological effects through binding to its receptor VDR. In the present study, we determined maternal vascular expression of VDR and hnRNPC1/C2, a native repressor of VDR, in subcutaneous adipose tissue from women with normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. Maternal antenatal and postnatal vitamin D levels ...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - July 22, 2022 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Yang Gu Shuai Lin John A Morgan David F Lewis Yuping Wang Source Type: research

Cathelicidin Mediates an Anti-Inflammatory Role of Active Vitamin D (Calcitriol) During M. paratuberculosis Infection
This study examines the role of vitamin D deficiency in the regulation of Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide (CAMP) in CD-like macrophages. The latter includes macrophages infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) isolated from CD patient. Initially, we measured cathelicidin and calcitriol in ex vivo plasma samples from CD patients with or without MAP infection (N=40 per group). We also measured the expression and production of CAMP/LL-37, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, cellular oxidative stress markers, and bacterial viability following treatment of MAP-infected macrophages with four different forms of vitam...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 4, 2022 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

TSLP-induced collagen type-I synthesis through STAT3 and PRMT1 is sensitive to calcitriol in human lung fibroblasts
This study assessed the effect of calcitriol on PRMT1-dependent fibroblast remodeling in human lung fibroblasts, and allergen-induced asthma in E3-rats. Fibroblasts were activated with thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TLSP); asthma was induced by ovalbumin inhalation in rats. The airway structure was assessed by immunohistology. Protein expression in fibroblasts and activation of the mitogen activated protein kinases were detected by Western-blotting. Transcription factor activation was determined by luciferase reporter assay. PRMT1 action was blocked by siRNA and PRMT-inhibition. Ovalbumin upregulated the expression of TSLP,...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - June 20, 2021 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ai Jin Xuemei Tang Weiqi Zhai Yuwen Li Qingzhu Sun Li Liu Xiaojun Yang Hui Ren Shemin Lu Source Type: research

Vitamin D regulates claudin-2 and claudin-4 expression in active ulcerative colitis by p-Stat-6 and Smad-7 signaling
ConclusionsOur results indicate that the effects of vitamin D on Cl-2 and Cl-4 are mediated by p-Stat-6 and Smad-7 signal, respectively. The study suggests that vitamin D administration to UC patients could be a useful therapeutic intervention, given that vitamin D deficiency is found in these patients.
Source: International Journal of Colorectal Disease - June 26, 2020 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Vitamin D reduces autophagy by regulating NF- κB resistance to Aspergillus fumigatus infection.
CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency can aggravate the inflammatory damage in the lungs of Aspergillus fumigatus. When the body is sufficient in vitamin D, if the lungs infect Aspergillus fumigatus spores, the body may resist the infection of Aspergillus fumigatus by reducing the expression of NF-κB, inflammatory factors and autophagy. PMID: 32485309 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Gene - May 29, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Hu S, Dai J, Chen X Tags: Gene Source Type: research

Propionate promotes vitamin D receptor expression via yes-associated protein in rats with short bowel syndrome.
In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of propionate on the expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the small intestine of rats with SBS. Firstly, IEC-6 (intestinal epithelioid cell line No. 6) cells were incubated in vitro with 1 mM sodium propionate for 24 h. This resulted in a significant increase in the expression of VDR and yes-associated protein (YAP) compared with that in the control group. Transfection of IEC-6 cells with YAP siRNA significantly down-regulated the expression of VDR. By contrast, after incubating IEC-6 cells with lysophosphatidic acid, an agonist of YAP, upregulation of VDR and...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - January 11, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Lin H, Huang Y, Tian T, Wang P, Li Y Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells Interactions With Natural Killer Cells and Pro-angiogenic Activities: Roles in Tumor Progression
Conclusions MDSC are major players in the immunosuppressive scenario in cancer, thanks to their phenotype heterogeneity and critical interaction with several innate immune cells, thus representing a crucial target in oncology. Here we reviewed the interactions of MDSCs with NK cells. The contribution of key cytokines, chemokines and mediators active in this process have been discussed. We also described the contribution of MDSC on angiogenesis directly or indirectly through interactions with NK and immunosuppressive activities. A parallel of the cancer associated to the decidual counterpart of these cells is discussed, a...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 17, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

1,25 ‑Dihydroxyvitamin D regulates macrophage polarization and ameliorates experimental inflammatory bowel disease by suppressing miR-125b.
This study aimed to explore whether 1,25(OH)2D3 modulates macrophage polarization in inflammation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and colitis mice were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3. Macrophages were transfected with siRNA-vitamin D receptor (VDR) or miR-125b mimic or inhibitor, and 1,25(OH)2D3-pretreated colitis mice were injected with a miR-125b agomir. The distribution of macrophage subsets and macrophage subtype characteristics was analyzed. As expected, 1,25(OH)2D3 transformed lipopolysaccharide-induced M1 macrophages to the M2 subset, downregulated tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-6 expression and interfe...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - December 9, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Zhu X, Zhu Y, Li C, Yu J, Ren D, Qiu S, Nie Y, Yu X, Xu X, Zhu W Tags: Int Immunopharmacol Source Type: research

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 suppresses gastric cancer cell growth through VDR- and mutant p53-mediated induction of p21
Publication date: Available online 29 April 2017 Source:Life Sciences Author(s): Mingxing Li, Longfei Li, Lin Zhang, Wei Hu, Jing Shen, Zhangang Xiao, Xu Wu, Franky Leung Chan, Chi Hin Cho Aims Previous studies have indicated that vitamin D deficiency correlates with cancer risk and vitamin D potentiates antitumor effects in a variety of cancers. The antitumor effect of vitamin D on gastric cancer was rarely studied. We aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of vitamin D on gastric cancer and underlying mechanisms. Main methods We investigated the antitumor activity of the active form of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvita...
Source: Life Sciences - April 30, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Maternal 25 ‐hydroxyvitamin D is inversely correlated with foetal serotonin
ConclusionsThese observations provide the first evidence of an inverse relationship between maternal 25(OH)D and foetal serotonin concentrations. We propose that maternal vitamin D deficiency increases foetal serotonin concentrations and thereby contributes to longer‐term neurocognitive impairment in infants and children.
Source: Clinical Endocrinology - December 18, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Padma Murthi, Miranda Davies ‐Tuck, Martha Lappas, Harmeet Singh, Joanne Mockler, Rahana Rahman, Rebecca Lim, Bryan Leaw, James Doery, Euan M. Wallace, Peter R. Ebeling Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D3 stimulates system A amino acid transport in primary human trophoblast cells
In conclusion, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 regulates System A activity through increased mRNA expression of SNAT2 transporters. Effects on placental amino acid transport may be the mechanism underlying the association between maternal vitamin D status and fetal growth.
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - December 15, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Maternal 25 ‐hydroxyvitamin D is inversely correlated with fetal serotonin
ConclusionsThese observations provide the first evidence of an inverse relationship between maternal 25(OH)D and fetal serotonin concentrations. We propose that maternal vitamin D deficiency increases fetal serotonin concentrations and thereby contributes to longer‐term neurocognitive impairment in infants and children.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Clinical Endocrinology - October 31, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Padma Murthi, Miranda Davies ‐Tuck, Martha Lappas, Harmeet Singh, Joanne Mockler, Rahana Rahman, Rebecca Lim, Bryan Leaw, James Doery, Euan M Wallace, Peter R Ebeling Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Active vitamin D possesses beneficial effects on the interaction between muscle and bone.
In conclusion, these findings showed for the first time that active vitamin D plays important roles in myogenesis and muscle-induced osteoblastogenesis through OGN expression. Active vitamin D treatment may rescue the AGEs-induced sarcopenia as well as -suppressed osteoblastic differentiation via OGN expression in myoblasts. PMID: 24924628 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - June 9, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Tanaka KI, Kanazawa I, Yamaguchi T, Yano S, Kaji H, Sugimoto T Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research