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Nutrition: Sodium Chloride

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Total 77 results found since Jan 2013.

MIR106A-5p upregulation suppresses autophagy and accelerates malignant phenotype in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Abstract Dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in carcinoma progression, metastasis, and poor prognosis. We demonstrated that in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), transactivated MIR106A-5p promotes a malignant phenotype by functioning as a macroautophagy/autophagy suppressor by targeting BTG3 (BTG anti-proliferation factor 3) and activating autophagy-regulating MAPK signaling. MIR106A-5p expression was markedly increased in NPC cases based on quantitative real-time PCR, miRNA microarray, and TCGA database analysis findings. Moreover, MIR106A-5p was correlated with advanced stage, recurrence, and poor clinical...
Source: Autophagy - July 4, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhu Q, Zhang Q, Gu M, Zhang K, Xia T, Zhang S, Chen W, Yin H, Yao H, Fan Y, Pan S, Xie H, Liu H, Cheng T, Zhang P, Zhang T, You B, You Y Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

Salt causes aging-associated hypertension via vascular Wnt5a under Klotho deficiency
Aging is associated with a high prevalence of hypertension due to elevated susceptibility of BP to dietary salt, but its mechanism is unknown. Serum levels of Klotho, an anti-aging factor, decline with age. We found that high salt (HS) increased BP in aged mice and young heterozygous Klotho-knockout mice and was associated with increased vascular expression of Wnt5a and p-MYPT1, which indicate RhoA activity. Not only the Wnt inhibitor LGK974 and the Wnt5a antagonist Box5 but Klotho supplementation inhibits HS-induced BP elevation, similarly to the Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil, associated with reduced p-MYPT1 expression in ...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - June 29, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Wakako Kawarazaki, Risuke Mizuno, Mitsuhiro Nishimoto, Nobuhiro Ayuzawa, Daigoro Hirohama, Kohei Ueda, Fumiko Kawakami-Mori, Shigeyoshi Oba, Takeshi Marumo, Toshiro Fujita Source Type: research

Knockout of the Circadian Clock Protein PER1 Results in Sex-Dependent Alterations of ET-1 Production in Mice in Response to a High Salt Diet plus Mineralocorticoid Treatment.
Abstract Previously, we showed that global knockout (KO) of the circadian clock transcription factor PER1 in male, but not female, mice fed a high salt diet plus mineralocorticoid treatment (HS/DOCP) resulted in non-dipping hypertension and decreased night/day ratio of sodium (Na) excretion. Additionally, we have shown that the endothelin-1 (ET-1) gene is targeted by both PER1 and aldosterone. We hypothesized that ET-1 would exhibit a sex-specific response to HS/DOCP treatment in PER1 KO. Here we show that male, but not female, global PER1 KO mice exhibit a decreased night/day ratio of urinary ET-1. Gene expressio...
Source: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology - May 20, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Douma LG, Crislip GR, Cheng KY, Barral D, Masten S, Holzworth MR, Roig E, Glasford K, Beguiristain K, Li W, Bratanatawira P, Lynch IJ, Cain BD, Wingo CS, Gumz ML Tags: Can J Physiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Superhydrophilicity and strong salt-affinity: Zwitterionic polymer grafted surfaces with significant potentials particularly in biological systems.
Abstract In recent years, zwitterionic polymers have been frequently reported to modify various surfaces to enhance hydrophilicity, antifouling and antibacterial properties, which show significant potentials particularly in biological systems. This review focuses on the fabrication, properties and various applications of zwitterionic polymer grafted surfaces. The "graft-from" and "graft-to" strategies, surface grafting copolymerization and post zwitterionization methods were adopted to graft lots type of the zwitterionic polymers on different inorganic/organic surfaces. The inherent hydrophilicity and salt affinit...
Source: Advances in Colloid and Interface Science - March 15, 2020 Category: Chemistry Authors: Li D, Wei Q, Wu C, Zhang X, Xue Q, Zheng T, Cao M Tags: Adv Colloid Interface Sci Source Type: research

Receptor potential channels TRPC1/TRPC6 regulate lamina cribrosa cell extracellular matrix gene transcription and proliferation.
In conclusion, TRPC1/C6 expression is enhanced in glaucoma LC cells. These channels may contribute to oxidative stress-induced ECM gene transcription and cell proliferation in normal and glaucoma LC cells through Ca2+-NFATc3 signaling pathway mechanism. TRPC1 and TRPC6 channels could be important therapeutic targets to prevent ECM remodeling and fibrosis development in glaucoma optic neuropathy. PMID: 32088241 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Eye Research - February 19, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Irnaten M, O'Malley G, Clark AF, O'Brien CJ Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

A food-responsive switch modulates TFEB and autophagy, and determines susceptibility to coxsackievirus infection and pancreatitis.
Abstract Almost a billion people worldwide are chronically undernourished. Herein, using a mouse model of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection, we report that a single day of food restriction (FR) markedly increases susceptibility to attenuated enterovirus infection, replication, and disease. These "pro-viral" effects, which are rapidly-reversed by the restoration of food, are mediated by several genes whose expression is altered by FR, and which support CVB3 replication. Central to this is TFEB, a protein whose expression and activation status are rapidly increased by FR. TFEB, which regulates the transcription of ...
Source: Autophagy - February 3, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Alirezaei M, Flynn CT, Garcia SD, Kimura T, Whitton JL Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

Picroside II protects against cholestatic liver injury possibly through activation of farnesoid X receptor
ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that picroside II exerts protective effect on ANIT-induced cholestasis possibly through FXR activation that regulates the transporters and enzymes involved in bile acid homeostasis. Picroside II might be an effective approach for the prevention and treatment of cholestatic liver diseases.Graphical abstract
Source: Phytomedicine - December 18, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

STYK1 promotes autophagy through enhancing the assembly of autophagy-specific class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I.
Abstract Macroautophagy/autophagy plays key roles in development, oncogenesis, and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Autophagy-specific class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I (PtdIns3K-C1) is essential for autophagosome formation. However, the regulation of this complex formation requires further investigation. Here, we discovered that STYK1 (serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase 1), a member of the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) family, is a new upstream regulator of autophagy. We discovered that STYK1 facilitated autophagosome formation in human cells and zebrafish, which was characterized by elevat...
Source: Autophagy - November 6, 2019 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhou C, Qian X, Hu M, Zhang R, Liu N, Huang Y, Yang J, Zhang J, Bai H, Yang Y, Wang Y, Ali D, Michalak M, Chen XZ, Tang J Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

MAL protein stabilizes luminal membrane PLC β3 and negatively regulates ENaC in mouse cortical collecting duct cells.
MAL protein stabilizes luminal membrane PLCβ3 and negatively regulates ENaC in mouse cortical collecting duct cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2019 Jul 31;: Authors: Tuna KM, Liu BC, Yue Q, Ghazi ZM, Ma HP, Eaton DC, Alli AA Abstract Abnormally high epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity in the aldosterone sensitive distal nephron and collecting duct leads to hypertension. Mal is a lipid-raft-associated protein that has been previously shown to regulate NKCC2 (Na-K -2Cl co-transporter) and aquaporin-2 in the kidney, but it is not known whether it regulates renal ENaC. ENaC activity is positively...
Source: Am J Physiol Renal P... - July 30, 2019 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Tuna KM, Liu BC, Yue Q, Ghazi ZM, Ma HP, Eaton DC, Alli AA Tags: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol Source Type: research

AMP-activated protein kinase complexes containing the {beta}2 regulatory subunit are up-regulated during and contribute to adipogenesis
This study therefore sought to determine the contribution of AMPKβ subunit isoforms to adipocyte biology, focussing on adipogenesis. AMPKβ2 was the principal AMPKβ isoform in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, isolated rodent adipocytes and human subcutaneous adipose tissue, as assessed by the contribution to total cellular AMPK activity. Down-regulation of AMPKβ2 with siRNA inhibited lipid accumulation, cellular adiponectin levels and adiponectin secretion during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis, whereas down-regulation of AMPKβ1 had no effect. Incubation of 3T3-L1 cells with MT47-100 selectively inhibited AMPK complexes cont...
Source: Biochemical Journal - June 25, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Katwan, O. J., Alghamdi, F., Almabrouk, T. A., Mancini, S. J., Kennedy, S., Oakhill, J. S., Scott, J. W., Salt, I. P. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

AMP-activated protein kinase complexes containing the β2 regulatory subunit are upregulated during and contribute to adipogenesis.
This study therefore sought to determine the contribution of AMPKβ subunit isoforms to adipocyte biology, focussing on adipogenesis. AMPKβ2 was the principal AMPKβ isoform in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, isolated rodent adipocytes and human subcutaneous adipose tissue, as assessed by the contribution to total cellular AMPK activity. Downregulation of AMPKβ2 with siRNA inhibited lipid accumulation, cellular adiponectin levels and adiponectin secretion during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis, whereas downregulation of AMPKβ1 had no effect. Incubation of 3T3-L1 cells with MT47-100 selectively inhibited AMPK complexes containing AMPKβ2 whilst ...
Source: The Biochemical Journal - June 11, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Katwan OJ, Alghamdi F, Almabrouk TA, Mancini SJ, Kennedy S, Oakhill JS, Scott JW, Salt IP Tags: Biochem J Source Type: research

Emodin Rescues Intrahepatic Cholestasis via Stimulating FXR/BSEP Pathway in Promoting the Canalicular Export of Accumulated Bile
Conclusions: Emodin has a protective effect and a rescue activity on cholestasis via stimulating FXR/BSEP pathways in promoting the canalicular export of accumulated bile.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - May 21, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

NOD2 and TLR2 Signal via TBK1 and PI31 to Direct Cross-Presentation and CD8 T Cell Responses
The objective of this study was to explore the role of NOD2 and TLR2 in cross-presentation in human dendritic cells undertaking an unbiased screen. We have used a quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) followed by a computational analysis to identify the proteins as differentially abundant in response to NOD2 and TLR2 sensing. Validation of the phosphoproteomic analysis was performed by the detection of proteins in phosphoenriched lysates and detected by western blot. Techniques for the modulation of gene expression (shRNA and siRNA) were used to confirm the resu...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Ability to Suppress TGF- β-Activated Myofibroblast Differentiation Distinguishes the Anti-pulmonary Fibrosis Efficacy of Two Danshen-Containing Chinese Herbal Medicine Prescriptions
Conclusion: This study suggests that a clinically efficacious cardiovascular Chinese herbal medicine (DLP) can be successfully repurposed to treat a lung disease in pulmonary fibrosis guided by TCM theory. Our comparative study between DLP and DHP demonstrated a critical requirement of suppressing both pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathways for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, supporting that a multi-component prescription capable of “removing both phlegm and blood stasis” will better achieve co-protection of heart and lung in PHD. Introduction Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic ...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

TonEBP Suppresses the HO-1 Gene by Blocking Recruitment of Nrf2 to Its Promoter
Discussion Dynamic changes in the functional phenotype of macrophages are associated with pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases (5–7). TonEBP primes macrophages toward an M1 phenotype, which has pro-inflammatory properties. TonEBP does this by promoting expression of pro-inflammatory genes via interaction with NF-κB (36) and by binding directly to the promoter (37, 64). In addition, TonEBP suppresses expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by limiting chromatin access to the promoter (37). The pro-inflammatory function of TonEBP suggests that inhibiting its expression or activation could suppres...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 17, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research