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Nutrition: Calcium

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Total 675 results found since Jan 2013.

Role of SNARE Proteins in the Insertion of KCa3.1 in the Plasma Membrane of a Polarized Epithelium
Targeting proteins to a specific membrane is crucial for proper epithelial cell function. KCa3.1, a calcium-activated, intermediate-conductance potassium channel, is targeted to the basolateral membrane (BLM) in epithelial cells. Surprisingly, the mechanism of KCa3.1 membrane targeting is poorly understood. We previously reported that targeting of KCa3.1 to the BLM of epithelial cells is Myosin-Vc-, Rab1-and Rab8-dependent. Here, we examine the role of the SNARE proteins VAMP3, SNAP-23 and syntaxin 4 (STX-4) in the targeting of KCa3.1 to the BLM of Fischer rat thyroid (FRT) epithelial cells. We carried out immunoblot, siRN...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - June 27, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Kalirin mediates Rac1 activation downstream of calcium/calmodulin ‐dependent protein kinase II to stimulate glucose uptake during muscle contraction
In this study, we investigated the role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in contraction-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. C2C12 myotubes were contracted by electrical pulse stimulation (EPS), and treadmill running was used to exercise mice. The activities of CaMKII, the small G protein Rac1, and the Rac1 effector kinase PAK1 were elevated in muscle by running exercise or EPS, while they were lowered by the CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 and/or small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown. EPS induced the mRNA and protein expression of the Rac1-GEF Kalirin in a CaMKII-dependent manner. EPS-...
Source: FEBS Letters - June 30, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Sasa Liu, Rui Qi, Juan Zhang, Chang Zhang, Liming Chen, Zhi Yao, Wenyan Niu Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

TRPC6 Mediates High Glucose-induced Mitochondrial Fission through Activation of CDK5 in Cultured Human Podocytes
This study was therefore aimed to explore the regulatory role and mechanisms of TRPC6 in high glucose (HG)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in podocytes. Here we found that TRPC6 expression and TRPC6-induced Ca2+ influx were upregulated in HG-treated podocytes. Furthermore, the TRPC6 inhibitor and TRPC6 siRNA ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in HG-treated podocytes. BAPTA-AM, an intracellular calcium chelating agent, attenuated mitochondrial fission under HG conditions as well. Then, we found the activity of calpain-1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) were markedly enhanced in HG-treated podocytes, w...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - September 21, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

RUNX2 Mediates Renal Cell Carcinoma Invasion through Calpain2
In this study, RUNX2-negative A498 cells and strongly positive ACHN cells were selected as the study subjects. An invasion chamber assay was used to detect the invasive ability of the cells. The expression of each protein was detected by Western blotting or immunofluorescence assays. The invasive ability of A498 cells was enhanced after the expression of RUNX2 protein was upregulated, whereas ACHN cells decreased after the expression of RUNX2 protein was silenced. The expression of calcium-activated neutral protease 2 (Calpain2) and fibronectin (FN) proteins was upregulated in A498 cells overexpressing RUNX2 protein, where...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 3, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Xiaoyu Zhang Zongtao Ren Bin Liu Shufei Wei Source Type: research

Homer1 knockdown protects dopamine neurons through regulating calcium homeostasis in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease.
Abstract Homer1 protein is an important scaffold protein at postsynaptic density and has been demonstrated to play a central role in calcium signaling in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Homer1 knockdown on MPP(+) induced neuronal injury in cultured dopamine (DA) neurons. We found that down-regulating Homer1 expression with specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly suppressed LDH release, reduced Propidium iodide (PI) or Hoechst staining, increased the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive cells and DA uptake, and attenuated apoptotic and necroti...
Source: Cellular Signalling - September 12, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Chen T, Yang YF, Luo P, Liu W, Dai SH, Zheng XR, Fei Z, Jiang XF Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

Role of Mitofusin-2 in mitochondrial localization and calcium uptake in skeletal muscle.
Abstract As muscle contraction requires ATP and Ca(2+), skeletal muscle function is highly dependent on communication between two major intracellular organelles: mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In adult skeletal muscle, mitochondria located within the I-band of the sarcomere are connected to the SR by small ∼10nm electron dense tethers that bridge the outer mitochondrial membrane to the region of SR that is ∼130nm from the site of Ca(2+) release. However, the molecular composition of tethers and their precise impact on mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake in skeletal muscle is unclear. Mitofusin-2 (Mfn2) ...
Source: Cell Calcium - November 15, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Ainbinder A, Boncompagni S, Protasi F, Dirksen RT Tags: Cell Calcium Source Type: research

Suppression of transient receptor potential canonical channel 4 inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-induced retinal neovascularization.
Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of angiogenesis and thus contributes to many vasoproliferative retinopathies including retinopathy of prematurity. Based on the importance of canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels in VEGF signaling, we firstly evaluated the expression of TRPC channels in mouse retina by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. All seven TRPC channels were expressed in mouse retina. TRPC4 channels were chosen for further analysis based on their upregulation on hypoxic retina according to the GEO database under the identifier GSE19886. Int...
Source: Cell Calcium - January 10, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Song HB, Jun HO, Kim JH, Fruttiger M, Kim JH Tags: Cell Calcium Source Type: research

Release of calcium from endolysosomes increases calcium influx through N-type calcium channels: Evidence for acidic store-operated calcium entry in neurons.
Abstract Neurons possess an elaborate system of endolysosomes. Recently, endolysosomes were found to have readily releasable stores of intracellular calcium; however, relatively little is known about how such 'acidic calcium stores' affect calcium signaling in neurons. Here we demonstrated in primary cultured neurons that calcium released from acidic calcium stores triggered calcium influx across the plasma membrane, a phenomenon we have termed "acidic store-operated calcium entry (aSOCE)". aSOCE was functionally distinct from store-operated calcium release and calcium entry involving endoplasmic reticulum. aSOCE ...
Source: Cell Calcium - October 9, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Hui L, Geiger NH, Bloor-Young D, Churchill GC, Geiger JD, Chen X Tags: Cell Calcium Source Type: research

Sphingosine-1-phosphate-activated TRPC1 channel controls chemotaxis of glioblastoma cells.
Abstract TRP channels are involved in the control of a broad range of cellular functions such as cell proliferation and motility. We investigated the gating mechanism of TRPC1 channel and its role in U251 glioblastoma cells migration in response to chemotaxis by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). PDGF induced an influx of Ca(2+) that was partially inhibited after pretreatment of the cells with SKI-II, a specific inhibitor of sphingosine kinase producing sphingosine-1-P (S1P). S1P by itself also induced an entry of Ca(2+). Interestingly, PDGF- and S1P-induced entries of Ca(2+) were lost in siRNA-TRPC1 treated c...
Source: Cell Calcium - September 8, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Lepannetier S, Zanou N, Yerna X, Emeriau N, Dufour I, Masquelier J, Muccioli G, Tajeddine N, Gailly P Tags: Cell Calcium Source Type: research

Involvement of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel 3.1 in hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension and therapeutic effects of TRAM-34 in rats.
This study examined whether TRAM-34, a highly selective blocker of calcium-activated potassium channel 3.1 (Kca3.1), can help prevent such hypertension by reducing proliferation of PASMCs. Rats were exposed to hypoxia (10% O2) for 3 weeks and treated daily with TRAM-34 intra-peritoneally from the first day of hypoxia. Animals were sacrificed and examined for vascular hypertrophy, Kca3.1 expression and downstream signaling pathways. In addition, primary cultures of rat PASMCs were exposed to hypoxia (3% O2) or normoxia (21% O2) for 24 h in the presence of TRAM-34 or siRNA against Kca3.1. Activation of cell signaling pathway...
Source: Bioscience Reports - July 5, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Guo S, Shen Y, He G, Wang T, Xu D, Wen F Tags: Biosci Rep Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 9, Pages 201: Importance of Autophagy in Mediating Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Morphine-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction and Inflammation in Human Astrocytes
Nazira El-Hage Under physiological conditions, the function of astrocytes in providing brain metabolic support is compromised under pathophysiological conditions caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and opioids. Herein, we examined the role of autophagy, a lysosomal degradation pathway important for cellular homeostasis and survival, as a potential regulatory mechanism during pathophysiological conditions in primary human astrocytes. Blocking autophagy with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting BECN1, but not the Autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) gene, caused a significant decrease in HIV and morphine-induced intra...
Source: Viruses - July 28, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Myosotys Rodriguez Jessica Lapierre Chet Ojha Hary Estrada-Bueno Seth Dever David Gewirtz Fatah Kashanchi Nazira El-Hage Tags: Article Source Type: research